Traditional labor epidural techniques have not been proven to be sufficient to cover the second stage of labor. We have developed a new concept of pain management during labor and a new technique that provides suffici...Traditional labor epidural techniques have not been proven to be sufficient to cover the second stage of labor. We have developed a new concept of pain management during labor and a new technique that provides sufficient analgesia for second stage of labor. Combined Spinal Epidural with long lasting saddle block (with hyperbaric tetracaine) was used. Potentially pain free labor could be achieved by using this method. Utilizing hyperbaric Tetracaine intrathecally may provide a long lasting sensory sacral blockade. Primary outcome measure was absence of pain during pushing (2nd stage of labor). Patients received additional comfort during 1st stage of labor. Sample size included all patients that requested labor epidurals since 12/22/11 when this new technique was introduced.展开更多
Under the employment model of online car-hailing platforms,the extension of working hours and increase of labor intensity for practitioners are driven by the orders from these platform companies and labor-related thir...Under the employment model of online car-hailing platforms,the extension of working hours and increase of labor intensity for practitioners are driven by the orders from these platform companies and labor-related third parties.Also,they are more attributable to the internal driving force of practitioners themselves who hope to have more orders and earn more.It is impossible to apply the regulation system of the existing labor law to protect the rights and interests of employees in terms of working hours and labor intensity.The author suggests that the state should make special labor legislation to make the following targeted provisions:Online car-hailing platform companies and labor-related third parties that implement labor management and control over practitioners shall,on the premise of abiding by labor standards and industry rules,set various reasonable indicators of working hours and labor intensity through rules and take effective technical measures to control these two dimensions,so that practitioners can avoid serious overwork.Besides,by encouraging the provision of certain convenience for practitioners to take intermittent breaks,jointly building a compatibility system for different online car-hailing platforms,and establishing relevant operating rules,we can restrain practitioners from being seriously overworked.This is actually a multi-cooperative boosting legislative regulation approach.展开更多
This paper presents a summary of the characteristics of China's rural labor force based on data from the 1996 and 2006 agriculture censuses.In this paper,we re-estimate,compare and analyze China's rural labor ...This paper presents a summary of the characteristics of China's rural labor force based on data from the 1996 and 2006 agriculture censuses.In this paper,we re-estimate,compare and analyze China's rural labor surplus at national and provincial levels using the labor-hour conversion method and the standard structural approach.Taking economic cycle fluctuations into account,we also investigate the root causes for the co-existence of a migrant worker shortage and an agricultural labor surplus.Our study indicates that we can make realistic judgments about rural labor supply and demand only by removing short-term disturbing factors associated with economic boom and bust cycles.展开更多
The issue of flee trade and employment has been aconcemed for many countries for a long time. It seems that there exists a tradeoffbetween them. This paper looks back at the theories from the classical economics and d...The issue of flee trade and employment has been aconcemed for many countries for a long time. It seems that there exists a tradeoffbetween them. This paper looks back at the theories from the classical economics and discusses the role of free trade in economics. It also discusses the relationship between free trade and a nation＇s wealth, and the problems of free trade we face today. The theory is not challenged in the paper; however, the multi-functional state engaged within the market for full employment is included. The statistics and data of ASEAN are utilized to explain and examine the theory. A few ways of government intervention are introduced and regulations that are detrimental to employment are also discussed.展开更多
目的:观察中医“汤按结合”联合自由体位助产对初产妇的护理效果。方法:将100例初产妇按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组予常规助产护理,观察组在对照组基础上予中医“汤按结合”联合自由体位助产护理;比较两组初产妇...目的:观察中医“汤按结合”联合自由体位助产对初产妇的护理效果。方法:将100例初产妇按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组予常规助产护理,观察组在对照组基础上予中医“汤按结合”联合自由体位助产护理;比较两组初产妇不同产程时间,分娩相关指标[分娩出血量、视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS),焦虑视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale for anxiety,VAS-A),剖宫产率],产妇焦虑,自我效能感以及产妇和新生儿并发症发生情况。结果:治疗后观察组第一、第二、第三产程及总产程时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组分娩出血量、VAS评分、剖宫产率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组VAS-A评分低于对照组(P<0.05),中国分娩自我效能量表(Chinese childbirth self-efficacy inventory,CBSEI-C32)评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组初产妇产后并发症、新生儿并发症的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),新生儿阿普加评分(appearance,pulse,grimace,activity,respiration,Apgar)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:中医“汤按联合”联合自由体位助产能增加初产妇自我效能,缩短产程时间,降低分娩出血量、VAS评分、剖宫产率以及初产妇产后和新生儿并发症发生率,提高新生儿Apgar评分,有效改善初产妇抑郁焦虑心态。展开更多
文摘Traditional labor epidural techniques have not been proven to be sufficient to cover the second stage of labor. We have developed a new concept of pain management during labor and a new technique that provides sufficient analgesia for second stage of labor. Combined Spinal Epidural with long lasting saddle block (with hyperbaric tetracaine) was used. Potentially pain free labor could be achieved by using this method. Utilizing hyperbaric Tetracaine intrathecally may provide a long lasting sensory sacral blockade. Primary outcome measure was absence of pain during pushing (2nd stage of labor). Patients received additional comfort during 1st stage of labor. Sample size included all patients that requested labor epidurals since 12/22/11 when this new technique was introduced.
基金the final result of the general topic of the National Rule of Law and Law Science The-oretical Research Project launched by the Ministry of Justice of the PRC,“Challenges Posed by the Sharing Economy to Labor Law and Social Insurance Law and Corresponding Solutions”(19SFB2050)the funded result of the“CUPL Emerging Discipline Creation and Construction Program”
文摘Under the employment model of online car-hailing platforms,the extension of working hours and increase of labor intensity for practitioners are driven by the orders from these platform companies and labor-related third parties.Also,they are more attributable to the internal driving force of practitioners themselves who hope to have more orders and earn more.It is impossible to apply the regulation system of the existing labor law to protect the rights and interests of employees in terms of working hours and labor intensity.The author suggests that the state should make special labor legislation to make the following targeted provisions:Online car-hailing platform companies and labor-related third parties that implement labor management and control over practitioners shall,on the premise of abiding by labor standards and industry rules,set various reasonable indicators of working hours and labor intensity through rules and take effective technical measures to control these two dimensions,so that practitioners can avoid serious overwork.Besides,by encouraging the provision of certain convenience for practitioners to take intermittent breaks,jointly building a compatibility system for different online car-hailing platforms,and establishing relevant operating rules,we can restrain practitioners from being seriously overworked.This is actually a multi-cooperative boosting legislative regulation approach.
文摘This paper presents a summary of the characteristics of China's rural labor force based on data from the 1996 and 2006 agriculture censuses.In this paper,we re-estimate,compare and analyze China's rural labor surplus at national and provincial levels using the labor-hour conversion method and the standard structural approach.Taking economic cycle fluctuations into account,we also investigate the root causes for the co-existence of a migrant worker shortage and an agricultural labor surplus.Our study indicates that we can make realistic judgments about rural labor supply and demand only by removing short-term disturbing factors associated with economic boom and bust cycles.
文摘The issue of flee trade and employment has been aconcemed for many countries for a long time. It seems that there exists a tradeoffbetween them. This paper looks back at the theories from the classical economics and discusses the role of free trade in economics. It also discusses the relationship between free trade and a nation＇s wealth, and the problems of free trade we face today. The theory is not challenged in the paper; however, the multi-functional state engaged within the market for full employment is included. The statistics and data of ASEAN are utilized to explain and examine the theory. A few ways of government intervention are introduced and regulations that are detrimental to employment are also discussed.
文摘目的:观察中医“汤按结合”联合自由体位助产对初产妇的护理效果。方法:将100例初产妇按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组予常规助产护理,观察组在对照组基础上予中医“汤按结合”联合自由体位助产护理;比较两组初产妇不同产程时间,分娩相关指标[分娩出血量、视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS),焦虑视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale for anxiety,VAS-A),剖宫产率],产妇焦虑,自我效能感以及产妇和新生儿并发症发生情况。结果:治疗后观察组第一、第二、第三产程及总产程时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组分娩出血量、VAS评分、剖宫产率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组VAS-A评分低于对照组(P<0.05),中国分娩自我效能量表(Chinese childbirth self-efficacy inventory,CBSEI-C32)评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组初产妇产后并发症、新生儿并发症的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),新生儿阿普加评分(appearance,pulse,grimace,activity,respiration,Apgar)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:中医“汤按联合”联合自由体位助产能增加初产妇自我效能,缩短产程时间,降低分娩出血量、VAS评分、剖宫产率以及初产妇产后和新生儿并发症发生率,提高新生儿Apgar评分,有效改善初产妇抑郁焦虑心态。
