A Practical Strategy of Unbalance Identification and Correction for 2-DOF Precision Centrifuges

Unbalance existing in the mechanical systems is one of the most common causes which leads to unexpected vibration,nonsmooth motions,uncertain dynamics and even instability. In this paper,the problem of unbalance identification and correction is investigated for the countershaft system of a precision centrifuge with two degrees of freedom. According to the characteristics of the load under test installed on the countershaft,a gradual subdivision algorithm is proposed to identify the phase of the unbalance,and its amplitude is calculated by using a space vector algorithm,where the vibration information of the mainshaft system is obtained by utilizing two axis-layout displacement transducers installed associated to the mainshaft.Based on ADAMS software,some numerical simulations are presented and compared,and further,the validity of the strategy is demonstrated by experimental examples.

Link Budget Design with Performance Evaluation of Tunable Impulse-Based Ultra Wideband to Support the Integration of Wireless Sensing and Identifications Infrastructures

Recently, many studies propose the use of ultra-wideband technology for passive and active radio frequency identification systems as well as for wireless sensor networks due to its numerous advantages. By harvesting these advantages of IR-UWB technology at the physical-layer design, this paper proposes that a cross layer architecture platform can be considered as a good integrator for different wireless short-ranges indoor protocols into a universal smart wireless-tagged architecture with new promising applications in cognitive radio for future applications. Adaptive transmission algorithms have been studied to show the trade-off between different specific QoS requirements, transmission rates and distances at the physical layer level and this type of dynamic optimization and reconfiguration leads to the cross-layer design proposal in the paper. Studies from both theoretical simulation and statistical indoor environments experiments are considered as a proof of concept for the proposed architecture.

Identification and Control of Typical Industrial Process

Many industrial processes such as heating furnaces have over damping dynamic characteristics. Based on an innovative impulse response model, a method of identification and control for the over damping plant is introduced in the paper. The number of parameters of the model is much less than conventional impulse response model. The model based on tuning procedure of numerical optimum PID controller parameters is presented. For an actual instance, a large scale airflow circulatory resistance furnace control system with cascades of time delays is developed. In the system, the optimum PID control is used in the inner loop. A nonlinear PI compensation control is applied in the outer loop. The coordinating control among each output is realized by a fuzzy control strategy. A process surveillance organization monitors running situation of system and tunes controller parameters.

Parallel Algorithms for Residue Scaling and Error Correction in Residue Arithmetic

In this paper, we present two new algorithms in residue number systems for scaling and error correction. The first algorithm is the Cyclic Property of Residue-Digit Difference (CPRDD). It is used to speed up the residue multiple error correction due to its parallel processes. The second is called the Target Race Distance (TRD). It is used to speed up residue scaling. Both of these two algorithms are used without the need for Mixed Radix Conversion (MRC) or Chinese Residue Theorem (CRT) techniques, which are time consuming and require hardware complexity. Furthermore, the residue scaling can be performed in parallel for any combination of moduli set members without using lookup tables.

Exploring the effect of aggregation-induced emission on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer for a bis-imine derivative by quantum mechanics and our own n-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics calculations

We theoretically investigate the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) behavior of the novel fluorophore bis-imine derivative molecule HNP which was designed based on the intersection of 1-(hydrazonomethyl)-naphthalene-2-ol and 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde. Especially, the density functional theory(DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) methods for HNP monomer are introduced. Moreover, the "our own n-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics"(ONIOM) method(TDDFT:universal force field(UFF)) is used to reveal the aggregation-induced emission(AIE) effect on the ESIPT process for HNP in crystal. Our results confirm that the ESIPT process happens upon the photoexcitation for the HNP monomer and HNP in crystal, which is distinctly monitored by the optimized geometric structures and the potential energy curves. In addition, the results of potential energy curves reveal that the ESIPT process in HNP will be promoted by the AIE effect. Furthermore, the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) for the HNP monomer and HNP in crystal have been calculated. The calculation demonstrates that the electron density decrease of proton donor caused by excitation promotes the ESIPT process. In addition, we find that the variation of atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld population(ADCH) charge for proton acceptor induced by the AIE effect facilitates the ESIPT process. The results will be expected to deepen the understanding of ESIPT dynamics for luminophore under the AIE effect and provide insight into future design of high-efficient AIE compounds.

Automatic Identification for Laparoscopic Surgical Procedure for Ligation and Online Distinction of Abnormal Manipulation for Thread Knotting

Laparoscopic surgery is a difficult surgical procedure compared with laparotomy. In particular, considerable skills and care are required for thread knotting in laparoscopic surgery. In this paper, a method for automatic identification of a laparoscopic surgical procedure for ligation and online distinction of an abnormality, defined as any unusual manipulation, in the identified surgical procedure is proposed. Ligation is divided into several individual surgical procedures, and on the basis of the threshold criteria, each surgical procedure is identified. Next, the identified surgical procedure, thread knotting, is classified as either normal or abnormal using a self-organizing map. Finally, to reduce surgical error, an abnormality warning system which warns detection of an unusual manipulation in the surgical procedure to the operator is constructed.

Performance analysis and design of MIMO-OFDM system using concatenated forward error correction codes

This work investigates the performance of various forward error correction codes, by which the MIMO-OFDM system is deployed. To ensure fair investigation, the performance of four modulations, namely, binary phase shift keying(BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)-16 and QAM-64 with four error correction codes(convolutional code(CC), Reed-Solomon code(RSC)+CC, low density parity check(LDPC)+CC, Turbo+CC) is studied under three channel models(additive white Guassian noise(AWGN), Rayleigh, Rician) and three different antenna configurations(2×2, 2×4, 4×4). The bit error rate(BER) and the peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) are taken as the measures of performance. The binary data and the color image data are transmitted and the graphs are plotted for various modulations with different channels and error correction codes. Analysis on the performance measures confirm that the Turbo + CC code in 4×4 configurations exhibits better performance.

Isolation, Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of Streptococcus suis Type 2

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the pathogenicity,growth characteristics and drug resistance of Streptococcus suis type 2.[Methods]Bacterial isolation and identification,biochemical experiments,determination of growth curve and correlation curve between OD 600 values and viable counts,drug susceptibility tests,pathogenicity analysis,and histopathological observations were carried out.[Results]The Streptococcus strain isolated from infected pigs was identified as Streptococcus suis type 2,which was named TA01 strain.TA01 strain reached the growth peak at 6-8 h post-incubation,and viable counts gradually declined after 8 h of incubation.The correlation equation between OD 600 values and viable counts is y=24.659 x-1.076 1,R^2=0.996 7.TA01 strain was sensitive to penicillin,erythromycin,florfenicol and oxacillin,and resistant to ciprofloxacin,polymyxin B and clindamycin.According to the results of pathogenicity analysis,all the mice in 3.6×10^9 cfu/mouse group died within 48,and these dead mice exhibited acute pyaemia septica.Based on the Reed-Muench formula,it was calculated that LD 50 of TA01 strain was 1.137×10^8 cfu/mouse.Pathological examination showed obvious blue-stained bacteria clusters,accompanied by neutrophil infiltration.[Conclusions]TA01 strain was a virulent strain of Streptococcus suis type 2.Compared with Streptococcus strains which were isolated and reported in China,TA01 strain exhibited strong virulence and rapid proliferation.

Ballistic Trajectory Extrapolation and Correction of Firing Precision for Multiple Launch Rocket System

The research on multiple launch rocket system(MLRS)is now even more demanding in terms of reducing the time for dynamic calculations and improving the firing accuracy,keeping the cost as low as possible.This study employs multibody system transfer matrix method(MSTMM),to model MLRS.The use of this method provides effective and fast calculations of dynamic characteristics,initial disturbance and firing accuracy.Further,a new method of rapid extrapolation of ballistic trajectory of MLRS is proposed by using the position information of radar tests.That extrapolation point is then simulated and compared with the actual results,which demonstrates a good agreement.The closed?loop fire correction method is used to improve the firing accuracy of MLRS at low cost.

The Evil of ‘Reciting’

First of all it is necessary to point out that 'reciting' is the wrong term for what Chinese students are often asked to do when they are learning English. The correct terms are, 'learning by heart' or 'rote learning'. In this article the term 'rote learning' will be used.……

A Gas Dynamics Method Based on the Spectral Deferred Corrections (SDC) Time Integration Technique and the Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM)

We present a computational gas dynamics method based on the Spectral Deferred Corrections (SDC) time integration technique and the Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) finite volume method. The PPM framework is used to define edge-averaged quantities, which are then used to evaluate numerical flux functions. The SDC technique is used to integrate solution in time. This kind of approach was first taken by Anita et al in [1]. However, [1] is problematic when it is implemented to certain shock problems. Here we propose significant improvements to [1]. The method is fourth order (both in space and time) for smooth flows, and provides highly resolved discontinuous solutions. We tested the method by solving variety of problems. Results indicate that the fourth order of accuracy in both space and time has been achieved when the flow is smooth. Results also demonstrate the shock capturing ability of the method.

The Loading Curve of Spherical Indentions Is Not a Parabola and Flat Punch Is Linear

The purpose of this paper is the physical deduction of the loading curves for spherical and flat punch indentations, in particular as the parabola assumption for not self-similar spherical impressions appears impossible. These deductions avoid the still common first energy law violations of ISO 14577 by consideration of the work done by elastic and plastic pressure work. The hitherto generally accepted “parabolas’” exponents on the depth h (“2 for cone, 3/2 for spheres, and 1 for flat punches”) are still the unchanged basis of ISO 14577 standards that also enforce the up to 3 + 8 free iteration parameters for ISO hardness and ISO elastic indentation modulus. Almost all of these common practices are now challenged by physical mathematical proof of exponent 3/2 for cones by removing the misconceptions with indentation against a projected surface (contact) area with violation of the first energy law, because the elastic and inelastic pressure work cannot be obtained from nothing. Physically correct is the impression of a volume that is coupled with pressure formation that creates elastic deformation and numerous types of plastic deformations. It follows the exponent 3/2 only for the cones/pyramids/wedges loading parabola. It appears impossible that the geometrically not self-similar sphere loading curve is an h3/2 parabola. Hertz did only deduce the touching of the sphere and Sneddon did not get a parabola for the sphere. The radius over depth ratio is not constant with the sphere. The apparently good correlation of such parabola plots at large R/h ratios and low h-values does not withstand against the deduced physical equation for the spherical indentation loading curve. Such plots are unphysical for the sphere and so tried regression results indicate data-treatments. The closed physical deduction result consists of the exponential factor h and a dimensionless correction factor that is depth dependent. The non-parabola against force plot using published data is concavely bent even for large radius/depth-ratios at the shallow indents. The capabilities of conical/pyramidal/wedged indentations are thus lost. These facts are outlined for experimental nano- and micro-indentations. Spherical indentations reveal that linear data regression is suspicious and worthless if it does not correspond with physical reality. This stresses the necessity of the straightforward deductions of the correct relations on the basis of iteration-less and fitting-less undeniable calculation rules on a undeniable basic physical understanding. The straightforward physical deduction of the flat punch indentation is therefore also presented, together with formulas for the physical indentation hardness, indentation work, and applied work for these geometrically self-similar indentations. It is exemplified with a macroindentation.

Spectral Correction Method of Multi-Channels Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Applications

Near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer based on semiconductor lasers can combine light source and splitter into one, which is an important direction for development of miniature instruments. In order to avoid random interference caused by inconsistency between light sources, the novel evaluation indicators for global stability of multi-channels spectral system were proposed based on the correlation between dynamic deviation spectra of any two channels. The NIR analysis of moisture for corn powder samples based on the partial least squares combined with Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing was taken as an example, and a spectral correction method for enhancing prediction performance of multi-channels spectral system was further provided using above evaluation indicators. The experiment results showed that the global stability evaluation indicators significantly increased after SG smoothing correction. Meanwhile, the root-mean-square errors of prediction for corn moisture reduced from 0.373 to 0.283 (%), and the correlation coefficient between predicted and actual values was improved from 0.702 to 0.855. The above results indicated that by improving global stability indicators, the prediction ability of multi-channels spectral system can be improved. The proposed method provided a valuable reference for designing multi-channels diminutive spectrometer with high prediction performance, which had significance for large-scale application of NIR technology.

Genetic Diversity and Species Identification of Cultivar Species in Subtribe Cucumerinae (Cucurbitaceae) Using RAPD and SCAR Markers

DNA polymorphism in the cultivar species;Cucumis sativus L., C. melo L. and Benincasa hispida Cogn. of subtribe Cucumerinae (Cucurbitaceae) in the four northeastern provinces of Thailand was examined by using RAPD technique. Twenty 10-mer primers were produced 212 RAPD fragments, ranging from approximately 120 to 2531 bp. The genetic similarities were estimated from banding profiles using a NTSYS* version 2.1 as a basis for dendrogram construction via the UPGMA method. Cluster analysis divided the taxa under study into 2 clades. Moreover, a RAPD marker: Cm (OPJ11700) was specified to C. melo, and this marker was converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker: Cm (SCJ11516). A pair of sequence-specific primer of clones Cm (OPJ11700) amplified a distinct single band of the same size as the RAPD clones. The SCAR marker was developed successfully to identify C. melo genotype.

The Coherent State of the Landau Hamiltonian and the Relativistic Corrections to the Zeeman Effect in He⁺Ions

We calculate the energy levels of He+ ion placed in a uniform magnetic field directed perpendicular to the direction of its center of mass (CM) velocity vector, correct to relative order . Our calculations are within the frame work of an approximately relativistic theory, correct to relative order , of a two-particle composite system bound by electromagnetic forces, and written in terms of the position, momentum and spin operators of the constituent particles as proposed by Krajcik and Foldy, and also by Close and Osborn. Since the He+ ion has a net electric charge, the total or the CM momentum is not conserved and a neat separation of the CM and the internal motion is not possible. What is new in our approach is that, for the basis states in a first order degenerate perturbation theory to calculate the effects of the external magnetic field, we use the direct product of the coherent state of the Landau Hamiltonian of the He+ ion in a uniform magnetic field and of the simultaneous eigenstate of the internal Hamiltonian h, j2, l2, s2 and jz,?where j, l and s are the internal total, orbital and spin angular moments of the He+ ion. The coherent state is an excellent approximation to the expected classical circular motion of the center of mass (CM) of the He+ ion. In addition to the Z2 a2 corrections to the usual nonrelativistic results, including the small corrections due to the nuclear motion, we also obtain corrections which depend on the kinetic energy (ECM ) of the CM circular motion of the He+ ion, in a nontrivial way. Even though these corrections are proportional to , where M is the mass of the He+ ion, and are small for nonrelativistic CM motion, the results should be verifiable in careful experiments. Our results may also have application in astrophysical observations of the spectral lines of He+ ions in magnetized astrophysical objects.

The Variables and Invariants in the Evolution of Logic Optical Lithography Process

Photolithography has been a major enabler for the continuous shrink of the semiconductor manufacturing design rules.Throughout the years of the development of the photolithography,many new technologies have been invented and successfully implemented,such as image projection lithography,chemically amplified photoresist,phase shifting mask,optical proximity modeling and correction,etc.From 0.25μm technology to the current 7 nm technology,the linewidth has been shrunk from 250 nm to about 20 nm,or 12.5 times.Although imaging resolution is proportional to the illumination wavelength,with the new technologies,the wavelength has only been shrunk from 248 nm to 134.7 nm(193 nm immersion in water),less than 2 times.Would it mean that the imaging performance has been continuously declining?Or we have yet fully utilized the potential of the photolithography technology?In this paper,we will present a study on the key parameters and process window performance of the image projection photolithography from 0.25μm node to the current 7 nm node.

Advancing healthcare through laboratory on a chip technology:Transforming microorganism identification and diagnostics

In a recent case report in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,emphasized the crucial role of rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens to optimize patient treatment outcomes.Laboratory-on-a-chip(LOC)technology has emerged as a transformative tool in health care,offering rapid,sensitive,and specific identification of microorganisms.This editorial provides a comprehensive overview of LOC technology,highlighting its principles,advantages,applications,challenges,and future directions.Success studies from the field have demonstrated the practical benefits of LOC devices in clinical diagnostics,epidemiology,and food safety.Comparative studies have underscored the superiority of LOC technology over traditional methods,showcasing improvements in speed,accuracy,and portability.The future integration of LOC with biosensors,artificial intelligence,and data analytics promises further innovation and expansion.This call to action emphasizes the importance of continued research,investment,and adoption to realize the full potential of LOC technology in improving healthcare outcomes worldwide.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis Applied to Identification of Liquor Brands

The identification of liquor brands is very important for food safety. Most of the fake liquors are usually made into the products with the same flavor and alcohol content as regular brand, so the identification for the liquor brands with the same flavor and the same alcohol content is essential. However, it is also difficult because the components of such liquor samples are very similar. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to identification of liquor brands with the same flavor and alcohol content. A total of 160 samples of Luzhou Laojiao liquor and 200 samples of non-Luzhou Laojiao liquor with the same flavor and alcohol content were used for identification. Samples of each type were randomly divided into the modeling and validation sets. The modeling samples were further divided into calibration and prediction sets using the Kennard-Stone algorithm to achieve uniformity and representativeness. In the modeling and validation processes based on PLS-DA method, the recognition rates of samples achieved 99.1% and 98.7%, respectively. The results show high prediction performance for the identification of liquor brands, and were obviously better than those obtained from the principal component linear discriminant analysis method. NIR spectroscopy combined with the PLS-DA method provides a quick and effective means of the discriminant analysis of liquor brands, and is also a promising tool for large-scale inspection of liquor food safety.

An Efficient Overflow Detection and Correction Scheme in RNS Addition through Magnitude Evaluation

Number Systems are media for representing numbers;the popular ones being the Weighted Number Systems (WNS), which sometimes propagate carries during arithmetic computations. The other category, Un-Weighted Number Systems, of which the Residue Number System (RNS) belongs, do not carry weights but have not yet found widespread usage in general purpose computing as a result of some challenges;one of the main challenges of RNS is overflow detection and correction. The presence of errors in calculated values due to such factors as overflow means that systems built on this number system will continue to fail until serious steps are taken to resolve the issue. In this paper, a scheme for detecting and correcting overflow during RNS addition is presented. The proposed scheme used mixed radix digits to evaluate the magnitude of the addends in order to detect the occurrence of overflow in their sum. The scheme also demonstrated a simplified technique of correcting the overflow in the event that it occurs. An analysis of the hardware requirements and speed limitations of the scheme showed that it performs considerably better in relation to similar state of art schemes.

Pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.