西藏交通警察道路执法工作的风险与防范

西藏自治区自然、地理与气候环境复杂且特殊,道路交通环境相对恶劣,这导致当地交通警察道路执法工作面临诸多风险,包括警员人身安全和执法效能等风险。对此,文章对西藏交通警察道路执法工作风险进行了调查分析,从地区环境、警员安全意识与技能、执法装备、社会宣传和教育等角度探讨了相关风险的成因,针对性相关风险成因,提出从优化警力配置与道路信息推送、加强警员培训、完善警务装备、加强法治化宣传教育等工作来消除相关风险,以期保障警员安全并改善西藏交通环境。

Using quality improvement methods to increase use of pain prevention strategies for childhood vaccination

AIM To increase evidence-based pain prevention strategy use during routine vaccinations in a pediatric primary care clinic using quality improvement methodology.METHODS Specific intervention strategies(i.e.,comfort positioning,nonnutritive sucking and sucrose analgesia,distraction) were identified,selected and introduced in three waves,using a Plan-Do-Study-Act framework.System-wide change was measured from baseline to post-intervention by:(1) percent of vaccination visits during which an evidence-based pain prevention strategy was reported as being used; and(2) caregiver satisfaction ratings following the visit.Additionally,self-reported staff and caregiver attitudes and beliefs about pain prevention were measured at baseline and 1-year post-intervention to assess for possible long-term cultural shifts.RESULTS Significant improvements were noted post-intervention.Use of at least one pain prevention strategy was documented at 99% of patient visits and 94% of caregivers were satisfied or very satisfied with the pain prevention care received.Parents/caregivers reported greater satisfaction with the specific pain prevention strategy used [t(143) = 2.50,P ≤ 0.05],as well as greater agreement that the pain prevention strategies used helped their children's pain [t(180) = 2.17,P ≤ 0.05] and that they would be willing to use the same strategy again in the future [t(179) = 3.26,P ≤ 0.001] as compared to baseline.Staff and caregivers also demonstrated a shift in attitudes from baseline to 1-year post-intervention.Specifically,staff reported greater agreement that the pain felt from vaccinations can result in harmful effects [2.47 vs 3.10; t(70) =-2.11,P ≤ 0.05],less agreement that pain from vaccinations is "just part of the process" [3.94 vs 3.23; t(70) = 2.61,P ≤ 0.05],and less agreement that parents expect their children to experience pain during vaccinations [4.81 vs 4.38; t(69) = 2.24,P ≤ 0.05].Parents/caregivers reported more favorable attitudes about pain prevention strategies for vaccinations across a variety of areas,including safety,cost,time,and effectiveness,as well as less concern about the pain their children experience with vaccination [4.08 vs 3.26; t(557) = 6.38,P ≤ 0.001],less need for additional pain prevention strategies [3.33 vs 2.81; t(476) = 4.51,P ≤ 0.001],and greater agreement that their doctors' office currently offers pain prevention for vaccinations [3.40 vs 3.75; t(433) =-2.39,P ≤ 0.05].CONCLUSION Quality improvement methodology can be used to help close the gap in implementing pain prevention strategies during routine vaccination procedures for children.

Environmental Renovation and Improvement Strategies for the Great Relics——A Case Study of Landscape Planning for the Front Hall Relics of the Weiyang Palace in China

Through introducing concepts of great relics and its protective planning theories, construction of relics park is a characteristic protection mode for cultural heritage in China, and also a useful exploration in the combination of theories and practices of great relics protection. Moreover, it is also the best means of protecting great relics ever found. Taking landscape planning of the front hall relics of the Weiyang Palace, relics of the front hall was believed to have great scientific value, so its environmental renovation and improvement should be based on scientific landscape planning, the whole relics should be protected and displayed scientifically and completely, landscape elements introduced as the effective texture by applying ecological patterns according to actual conditions, new techniques favorable for the protection and scientific research of relics adopted to provide a new strategy for the construction of great ruins park in China.

Development of a Competitiveness Improvement Framework for Forensic Science Laboratories

This study presents a methodology used in developing the competitiveness improvement framework (CIF) for laboratories, in particular, Forensic Science Laboratories (FSLs). The cyclic nature of FSL processes allowed data collection for the purpose of identification of factors affecting FSL performance (cause factors). Flow charts were used to represent mathematical formulations for cause factor measurements and quantification of the baseline data on turnaround time (TAT), backlogs for case files (Bg), turnaround time in the supply chain (Tsc), and employee absenteeism (Ab). By quantifying the cause factors in addition to academic development coefficient (Ad) and complex longevity (Lc) for FSL employees, it was possible to establish the organizational design features requiring improvements. The relevance of cause factors to FSL stakeholders and means of improvement and sustainability were established. A detailed road map towards CIF was presented using D-MAIC methodology. The rated cause factors based on challenges in the FSL business environment were subjected to Pareto analysis to prioritize the challenges in order to improve FSLs’ competitiveness. The interrelationship between the three dimensions of competitiveness improvement (process, performance and planning) was presented in terms of the affected six cause factors. Also, the potential lean practices for improving competitiveness of FSL based on measured cause factors have been presented. This paper introduced methods and measures for improving operational competitiveness of laboratories. The CIF was finally presented in a form of a series of three flow charts summarizing all steps implemented in its development with inputs and cause factors involved.

Oocyte quality improvement using a herbal medicine comprising 7 crude drugs

Maternal age is a significant factor in infertility treatment. Ovarian function and oocyte quality decrease with age, whereas the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities increases. In this study, improvement of oocyte quality and ovarian function were attempted using a herbal medicine comprising 7 crude drugs:Angelicae radix,Rehmanniae radix,Plantaginis semen,Lonicerae flos,Carthami flos,Ginseng radix, andCucurbita moschata Duch. Thirty-one women who repeatedly failed to conceive by intracytoplasmic sperm injection took the herbal medicine before breakfast and dinner from the start of menstrual cycle in the ovum pickup cycle. Average patient age was 38.5 ± 0.7 years, and the average ovum pickup frequency on the first dosage day was 7.9 ± 1.5. To analyze the effects of herbal medicine intake, the number of recovered and mature oocytes, their morphology and physical qualities, as well as the rates of fertilization, oocyte development, and pregnancy was compared before and after intake. The recovered and mature oocyte numbers, oocyte morphology and physical qualities, and fertilization rate were not significantly different before and after drug intake. However, the oocyte development rate was significantly higher(58.0%) after herbal medicine intake than before (32.5%;p = 0.0003). Moreover, the successful pregnancy rate was significantly higher after intake than before (6.9% versus 0%;p = 0.0111). Herbal medicine may constitute a useful adjunct to assisted reproductive technology in women.

Integrating Geology and Engineering for Viscous Oil Production Improvement—JX Oilfield, Bohai Bay, China

In this paper a case study is presented where refined 3D reservoir geology models, well pattern pilot test and Real-time GeoSteering tools have been integrated to optimize production performance of a viscous oil reserve. The viscous reserves were of high structural dip angle. In addition delta depositional system represented highly variable geomorphology, where stacked sandbodies and shale bedding are crossing each other frequently. In order to keep a higher production rate, using horizontal wells along with water injection was not enough;therefore, detailed reservoir characterization, well pattern pilot experiment and GeoSteering were used to optimize previous development strategy and keep horizontal trajectories safely landing into reservoir target zone. The stratigraphic sequence architecture that is derived from seismic interpretations captured the variation within these high dip structural backgrounds very effectively. The best combination of choices was “Injecting Water outside from OWC” and “Stair Shaped Horizontal Trajectories”. The borehole collision risks of these optimized strategies were then analyzed and controlled successfully by the GeoSteering tools during trajectory landing process. The reservoir development performance is improved tremendously as result of these renewed development strategies.

Statistical Analysis of Process Monitoring Data for Software Process Improvement and Its Application

Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy for project managers to deal with these risks completely. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process quality by promoting activities of process monitoring and design quality assessment. In this paper, we discuss statistical data analysis for actual project management activities in process monitoring and design quality assessment, and analyze the effects for these software process improvement quantitatively by applying the methods of multivariate analysis. Then, we show how process factors affect the management measures of QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) by applying the multiple regression analyses to observed process monitoring data. Further, we quantitatively evaluate the effect by performing design quality assessment based on the principal component analysis and the factor analysis. As a result of analysis, we show that the design quality assessment activities are so effective for software process improvement. Further, based on the result of quantitative project assessment, we discuss the usefulness of process monitoring progress assessment by using a software reliability growth model. This result may enable us to give a useful quantitative measure of product release determination.

Impact of Relaxation and Group Psycho-Education on Health Outcomes Using Integrated Care Models and Quality Improvement

The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated care setting. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness and a co-occurring chronic medical condition participated in the ICPCQI initiatives which were run by peer support and wellness experts in an integrated care setting over the one-year project implementation period. Evaluation of outcome measures revealed an overall decline of 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and 7.3% (p < 0.0001) in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. There was a 12.3% (p = 0.02) reduction on the average PHQ-9 scores. GAD-7 (p = 0.9) scores had a mean reduction of 1.5%. These preliminary results suggest that the evidence-based ICPCQI initiatives positively impact health outcomes among individuals with mental illness and chronic medical conditions.

Integrating artificial intelligence and high-throughput phenotyping for crop improvement

Crop improvement is crucial for addressing the global challenges of food security and sustainable agriculture.Recent advancements in high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)technologies and artificial intelligence(AI)have revolutionized the field,enabling rapid and accurate assessment of crop traits on a large scale.The integration of AI and machine learning algorithms with HTP data has unlocked new opportunities for crop improvement.AI algorithms can analyze and interpret large datasets,and extract meaningful patterns and correlations between phenotypic traits and genetic factors.These technologies have the potential to revolutionize plant breeding programs by providing breeders with efficient and accurate tools for trait selection,thereby reducing the time and cost required for variety development.However,further research and collaboration are needed to overcome the existing challenges and fully unlock the power of HTP and AI in crop improvement.By leveraging AI algorithms,researchers can efficiently analyze phenotypic data,uncover complex patterns,and establish predictive models that enable precise trait selection and crop breeding.The aim of this review is to explore the transformative potential of integrating HTP and AI in crop improvement.This review will encompass an in-depth analysis of recent advances and applications,highlighting the numerous benefits and challenges associated with HTP and AI.

Empirical Research on Critical Success Factors of Agile Software Process Improvement

In this paper, we discuss agile software process improvement in P company with their description of process management in current level and analysis of problems, design the P Company success factors model in organizational culture, systems, products, customers, markets, leadership, technology and other key dimensions, which is verified through questionnaire in P company. In the end, we apply knowledge creation theory to analyze the open source software community with successful application of the typical agile software method, propose ten principles of knowledge creation in open source software community: Self-organizing, Code sharing, Adaptation, Usability, Sustention, Talent, Interaction, Collaboration, Happiness, and Democracy.

The Neue Nationalgalerie by Mies van der Rohe between Preservation and Minimal Improvement

The Neue Nationalgalerie(1968)is considered an icon of the 20th century and part of the legacy of Mies van der Rohe.Almost 50 years after its construction the building showed some physiological decay;however,it has been considered obsolete due to the changing standards of use and comfort of an international art gallery affected also by a growing flux of visitors.The paper investigates the future of such an icon of modern architecture moving from some open issues of the intervention carried out by David Chipperfield started up in 2015 and now in an advanced stage.The refurbishment is pursuing the modernization of the building,but trying to match the historical values with the requirements of climate control and safety.The binomials memories/requirements and authenticity/form are at the base of the investigation.Although the intervention confirms the continuity of original use and it is aimed at keeping the image of the icon,it imposes transformations that belong to very different strategies,sometimes incompatible with the preservation of material meanings and values.The restoration work on modern heritage outlines how new cultural and socio-economic needs confront themselves with respecting/reproducing the appearance of the monument.

Mechanism of drilling rate improvement using high-pressure liquid nitrogen jet

To address the high rock strength and low drilling rate issues in deep oil/gas and geothermal exploitation, we performed mechanical property tests on three kinds of rock samples(granite, shale and sandstone) subjected to liquid nitrogen(LN2) cooling and conducted rock-breaking experiments using LN2 jet. Rock-breaking characteristics and mechanisms of LN2 jet, heat transfer features between LN2 and rock and thermal stress evolution in rock were analyzed. A novel high-pressure LN2 jet assisted drilling method was proposed accordingly. The study results show that LN2 thermal shock can significantly reduce uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus of rock. Rock damage and corresponding mechanical deterioration become more pronounced with increasing rock temperature. The LN2 jet has merits of high rock-breaking efficiency and low threshold rock-breaking pressure. Rock failure under LN2 jet impact is characterized by large volume breakage and the rock-breaking performance becomes more significant with increase of rock temperature. Under the impact of LN2 jet, the damage of granite is the most remarkable among the three rock samples. Thus, this method works better for high temperature granite formations. It has a good application prospect in speeding up drilling rate in deep hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs.

Long-term antiviral efficacy of entecavir and liver histology improvement in Chinese patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of 240-wk treatment with entecavir(0.5 mg) in Chinese nucleosidenaive patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: A total of 204 nucleoside-naive patients with compensated(n = 96) or decompensated(n = 108) hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced cirrhosis at the Department of Gastroenterology of the China-Japan Union Hospital(Jilin University, Changchun, China) who were treated with entecavir(0.5 mg) for 240 wk were enrolled in this study. Liver biopsy samples obtained from 38 patients prior to treatment(baseline) and at week 240 were evaluated by different independent histopathologists. Efficacy assessments included the proportions of patients who achieved an HBV DNA level < 500 copies/m L, the association of interleukin-28 B genetic variation with antivirus therapy, clinical outcomes, and histologic improvement. Changes in liver disease severity were analyzed, and liver histologic evaluation was performed in 38 patients with paired biopsies. Student t tests were used to compare the means of continuous variables between the groups, and the proportions of patients who achieved the endpoints were compared using the χ2 test.RESULTS: At week 240, 87.5% of the patients with compensated cirrhosis and 92.6% of the patients with decompensated cirrhosis achieved a HBV DNA level < 500 copies/m L. Three patients had genotypic entecavir resistance within the 240-wk period. No significant association was observed between virologic response and interleukin-28 genotype(CT, 88.2% vs CC, 90.6%). The proportion of patients with Child-Pughclass A disease was significantly increased at week 240(68%) from the baseline(47%; P < 0.01). The proportion of patients with Child-Pugh class B disease was significantly decreased at week 240(25%) from the baseline(39%; P = 0.02). In the patients with paired liver biopsies, the mean reduction in the Knodell necroinflammatory score from the baseline was 3.58 ± 1.03 points(7.11 ± 1.80 vs 3.53 ± 1.35, P < 0.01). The mean reduction in Ishak fibrosis score from the baseline was 1.26 ± 0.64 points(5.58 ± 0.50 vs 4.32 ± 0.81, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Entecavir is an effective treatment option for patients with HBV-related compensated or decompensated cirrhosis that can result in sustained virologic suppression and histologic improvement.

Fundamental principles of an effective reinforcing roof bolting strategy in horizontally layered roof strata and areas of potential improvement

It is arguable that the development of reinforcing roof bolting systems has largely stagnated in recent times, primarily due to the prevailing industry view that few, if any, further improvements can be made to what currently exists.However, this paper contends that reinforcing roof bolting systems can be further refined by considering both the specific manner by which horizontally bedded roof strata loses its natural self-supporting ability and the specific means by which reinforcing roof bolts act to promote or retain this natural self-supporting ability.The Australian coal industry has insisted on minimising bolt-hole diameter to maximise load transfer and on targeting full-encapsulation by any means necessary for many years.This has led to a significant, albeit unintended, consequence in terms of overall roof bolting effectiveness, namely increased resin pressures during bolt installation and the associated potential for opening bedding planes that may have, otherwise, remained closed during the bolt installation process.Given that the natural self-supporting ability of roof strata is strongly linked to whether bedding planes are open or closed, logically, minimising resin pressures should be a significant benefit.This paper focuses primarily on three key issues that relate directly to the function of the roof bolting system itself:(1) the importance of proper resin mixing in the context of maximising load transfer strength and stiffness,(2) the importance of minimising resin pressures developed during bolt installation, and(3) the importance of maximising the effectiveness of the available bolt pre-tension.All mine operators should be invested in improving the individual effectiveness of each installed roof bolt, even by relatively small incremental amounts, so this is an important topic for discussion within the mining community.

Empirical Research on Quality Improvement and Effect Increase of Rural Tourist Destination Under the Strategic Background of Rural Revitalization: A Case Study of Xishan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

As one of important channels in rural revitalization and development, rural tourism obtains a lot of remarkable achievements in rural development. However, relatively single product and homogenized development model make competition gradually intensify, and many once glorious rural tourist destinations gradually decline. Xishan District of Kunming City of Yunnan Province is taken as research object in this paper. Via literature research, field survey and depth interview, development process, status quo and existing problems of its rural tourism are deeply explored. Based on above research results, development idea, strategy and countermeasure for quality improvement and effect increase of traditional rural tourism destination are proposed, and cooperative development, mutual benefit and win-win are taken as the ultimate development goals.

Phenotypic Characterization and Strategies for Genetic Improvement of WAD Goats under Backyard Systems

West African Dwarf (WAD) goats represent one of the predominant small ruminant breeds raised by resource-limited households in southern Nigeria as well as in the humid west and central Africa. This breed of goats is renowned for its adaptation to hot and humid environments, high fertility and prolificacy under backyard systems where they are raised almost with zero investment. On account of its contributions to household income and food security in southern Nigeria, there is the need for a detailed phenotypic and genetic characterization as well as the design of breeding strategies for its conservation through sustainable utilization. A critical challenge, however, is that there are no national breeding policies in most of the countries where WAD goats are raised. The objectives of this paper are: to review literature reports on trait-level information and estimates of genetic parameters for some economic characters of WAD goats;and to discuss a communal breeding scheme for its conservation through sustainable utilization. The presentation shows that WAD goats represent a highly diverse population, with particular reference to qualitative and performance-related traits, reflecting the role of traditional institutions in the maintenance of animal diversity in local populations. A genetic improvement programme involving dispersed open nucleus breeding scheme was discussed. The scheme involves backyard WAD goat units in villages as base population and dispersed communally managed schemes that maintain a population of bucks only, as nucleus units. Critical issues such as the definition of breeding goals by farmers, as well as communal project ownership, are emphasized. The ultimate goal of the breeding programme is to create opportunities for community-based management of WAD goat genetic resources for the benefit of backyard goat farmers in the region.

Enhancing Private Healthcare Effectiveness in Lagos State, Nigeria: An Overview of the Effect of Quality Improvement Initiatives and Implications for Sustainable Healthcare Delivery

Background: Nigeria, a nation grappling with rapid population growth, economic intricacies, and complex healthcare challenges, particularly in Lagos State, the economic hub and most populous state, faces the challenge of ensuring quality healthcare access. The overview of the effect of quality improvement initiatives in this paper focuses on private healthcare providers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study assesses the impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects on these private healthcare facilities. It explores the level of participation, perceived support, and tangible effects of the initiatives on healthcare delivery within private healthcare facilities. It also examines how these initiatives influence patient inflow and facility ratings, and bring about additional benefits and improvements, provides insights into the challenges faced by private healthcare providers in implementing quality improvement projects and elicits recommendations for improving the effectiveness of such initiatives. Methods: Qualitative research design was employed for in-depth exploration, utilizing semi-structured interviews. Private healthcare providers in Lagos involved in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project were purposively sampled for diversity. Face-to-face interviews elicited insights into participation, perceived support, and project effects. Questions covered participation levels, support perception, changes observed, challenges faced, and recommendations. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes from interview transcripts. Adherence to ethical guidelines ensured participant confidentiality and informed consent. Results: Respondents affirmed active involvement in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project, echoing literature emphasizing private-sector collaboration with the public sector. While acknowledging positive influences on facility ratings, respondents highlighted challenges within the broader Nigerian healthcare landscape affecting patient numbers. Respondents cited tangible improvements, particularly in staff management and patient care processes, validating the positive influence of quality improvement projects. Financial constraints emerged as a significant challenge, aligning with existing literature emphasizing the pragmatic difficulties faced by private healthcare providers. Conclusions: This study illuminates the complex landscape of private healthcare provision in Lagos State, emphasizing the positive impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects. The findings provide nuanced insights, guiding policymakers, healthcare managers, and practitioners toward collaborative, sustainable improvements. As Nigeria progresses, these lessons will be crucial in shaping healthcare policies prioritizing population well-being.

Potential for Increasing Soil Nutrient Availability via Soil Organic Matter Improvement Using Pseudo Panel Data

Fixed and random effect models were applied to a pseudo-panel data built of soil analysis reports from tobacco farms to analyze relationships between soil characteristics like soil organic matter (SOM) and soil nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) and to explore the potential for improving nutrients availability by increasing SOM content. These econometric models may account for unobserved specific characteristics such as location-specific characteristics, management strategies, farmers’ skills and preferences and environmental heterogeneity. Positive relationships were found between N, P and K availability and SOM. The random effect model reports a highly significant elasticity of N with respect to SOM of 0.75, meaning that an increase of 1% of SOM will increase soil N by 0.75%. Using this elasticity, the required SOM improvement of green manure was calculated at which costs of green manure would exactly equal benefits in terms of reduced N fertilizer use. Costs and benefits are equal if the SOM increases from 1.55% to 3.61%, which is barely achieved according to the literature. Hence, growing green manure crops to increase SOM and thereby N availability is not economically attractive. However, additional benefits may arise from SOM improvement and growing green manure crops.

Studying Design and Use of Healthcare Technologies in Interaction: The Social Learning Perspective in a Dutch Quality Improvement Collaborative Program

Designing technologies is a process that relies on multiple interactions between design and use contexts. These interactions are essential to the development and establishment of technologies. This article seeks to understand the attempts of healthcare organisations to integrate use contexts into the design of healthcare technologies following insights of the theoretical approaches of social learning and user representations. We present a multiple case study of three healthcare technologies involved in improving elderly care practice. These cases were part of a Dutch quality improvement collaborative program, which urged that development of these technologies was not “just” development, but should occur in close collaboration with other parts of the collaborative program, which were more focused on implementation. These cases illustrate different ways to develop technologies in interaction with use contexts and users. Despite the infrastructure of the collaborative program, interactions were not without problems. We conclude by arguing that interactions between design and use are not naturally occurring phenomena, but must be actively organised in order to create effects.

Quality Improvement in Cardiovascular Imaging

Implementation of quality improvement(QI)activities is growing in health care settings across the world.Within cardiovascular imaging,areas for improvement include consistency of result reporting,greater patient safety through reductions in radiation exposure,and greater effi ciency of care delivery by elimination of wasteful practices and elimination of low-value or rarely appropriate testing.QI in health care is often driven through one of several endorsed frameworks,such as Lean,Six Sigma,and the Model for Improvement.Multiple examples of how to teach QI to medical trainees and physicians have been published.In this narrative review,we explore the growth and impact of QI in cardiovascular imaging,providing specifi c examples of successful projects,barriers to conducting QI,and rewards of persistent effort toward improving care.