The assessment of time dependent flow of Williamson fluid with radiative blood flow against a wedge

The present pagination reports both Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis aspects subject to magneto hydrodynamic Williamson fluid model.Assuming the flow is unsteady and blood is treated as Williamson fluid over a wedge with radiation.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables.The analytical solutions of the transformed governing equations are obtained by using the RK 4th order method along with shooting technique solver.The effects of various physical parameters such as Hartmann number,local Weissenberg number,radiation parameter,unsteadiness parameter,Prandtl number,Lewis number,Brownian diffusion,thermophoresis,wedge angle parameter,moving wedge parameter,on velocity,temperature,concentration,skin friction,heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate have been discussed in detail.The velocity and temperature profile deprives for larger We and an opposite trend is observed for concentration.The radiation parameter is propositional to temperature and a counter behaviour is observed for Pr.

Theory of Electromagnetism and Gravity —Modeling Earth as a Rotating Solenoid Coil

Presented in this manuscript are conventional electrical engineering tools to model the earth as a rotating electrical machine. Calculations using known parameters of the earth and measured field data has resulted in new understanding of the earth’s electrical system and gyroscopic rotation. The material makeup of the inner earth is better understood based on derived permeability and permittivity constants. The planet has been modeled as simple coils and then as a parallel impedance circuit which has led to fundamental insight into planetary speed control and RLC combination for Schumann Resonance of 7.83 Hz. Torque and Voltage Constants and the inverse Speed Constant are calculated using three methods and all compare favorably with Newton’s Gravitational Constant. A helical resonator is referenced and Schumann’s Resonant ideal frequency is calculated and compared with others idealism. A new theory of gravity based on particle velocity selector at the poles is postulated. Two equations are presented as the needed links between Faraday’s electromagnetism and Newtonian physics. Acceleration and Deceleration of earth is explained as a centripetal governor. A new equation for planetary attraction and the attraction of atomic matter is theorized. Rotation of the earth’s electrical coil is explained in terms of the Richardson effect. Electric power transfer from the sun to the planets is proposed via Flux Transfer Events. The impact of this evolving science of electromagnetic modeling of planets will be magnified as the theory is proven, and found to be useful for future generations of engineers and scientists who seek to discover our world and other planets.

Determination of Muzzle Velocity Deviation of Propellant Lot by Thermal Physical and Chemical Performances of Propellant

In this paper the method is put forward that the muzzle velocity deviation of charge lot is determined by thermal performance or component and content of propellant. Live firing or other experiments can be left out by using this method and its accuracy is rather high.

Trans-Thoracic Echocardiographic Aortic Blood Flow Peak Velocity Variation, Distance Minute, Aortic Velocity Time Integral and Postoperative Outcome in Pediatric Surgical Patients—An Observational Pilot Study Protocol

Background: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) has been elaborated where goal directed fluid and hemodynamic therapy (GDFHT) will be realized with trans-thoracic echocardiographic aortic blood flow peak velocity variation (ΔVpeak) and distance minute (DM) to guide fluid therapy and hemodynamics in high risk pediatric surgical patients. This RCT will clarify the impact of GDFHT with ΔVpeak and DM on postoperative outcome in terms of morbidity, length of stay in the intensive care unit (LOSICU), length of mechanical ventilation (LMV) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in children. To determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and VTI predictive of these postoperative outcomes, an observational pilot study will be realized. This pilot study is described here. The primary objective of this study is to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of postoperative outcome in children in terms of morbidity. The secondary objectives are to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of LOSICU, LMV, LOS, intraoperative, postoperative fluid administration and vasoactive-inotropic therapy. Methods: 500 - 1000 children aged less than 18 years will be included prospectively. Statistic analysis will be realized with XLSTAT 2019.4.2 software or plus. Results and Conclusions: This trial protocol will determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV with echocardiography predictive of postoperative outcome in children.

Problems and Solutions of Velocity Modeling in Natural Gas Exploration

Recently, velocity prediction and modeling have been focus of the geophysical exploration in the high temperature and high pressure of the south China sea area, especially for new offshore exploratory areas. The error is large with great difficulty owing to fewer exploratory wells and misunderstanding. Firstly, on the basis of three typical velocity prediction and modeling examples in Ying-Qiong basin, it’s easy to put forward the corresponding not common but urgent problem in each instance, then combined with the velocity problem and misunderstanding to expand method discussion and solution, which include geological model to guide the velocity interpretation and analysis, the establishment of forward velocity of the auxiliary model explaining and constructing high precision velocity model. This research basically solves existing velocity problems in gas exploration of south China sea in recent years, and proposes corresponding solution and application, which is of great significance to the further exploration and productive practice.

Determination of Muzzle Velocity Loss by Bore Wear Pattern

A method to determine muzzle velocity loss according to the actual measured bore wear pattern is proposed.Therefore,it is unnecessary to conduct live firing and other experiments for determination of muzzle velocity loss.It has been applied to a national military standard since July 1,2004.

Configuration of propagator method for calculation of electron velocity distribution function in gas under crossed electric and magnetic fields

This paper presents a self-contained description on the configuration of propagator method(PM)to calculate the electron velocity distribution function(EVDF) of electron swarms in gases under DC electric and magnetic fields crossed at a right angle. Velocity space is divided into cells with respect to three polar coordinates v,θ and f. The number of electrons in each cell is stored in three-dimensional arrays. The changes of electron velocity due to acceleration by the electric and magnetic fields and scattering by gas molecules are treated as intercellular electron transfers on the basis of the Boltzmann equation and are represented using operators called the propagators or Green’s functions. The collision propagator, assuming isotropic scattering, is basically unchanged from conventional PMs performed under electric fields without magnetic fields. On the other hand, the acceleration propagator is customized for rotational acceleration under the action of the Lorentz force. The acceleration propagator specific to the present cell configuration is analytically derived. The mean electron energy and average electron velocity vector in a model gas and SF6 were derived from the EVDF as a demonstration of the PM under the Hall deflection and they were in a fine agreement with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. A strategy for fast relaxation is discussed, and extension of the PM for the EVDF under AC electric and DC/AC magnetic fields is outlined as well.

任意各向异性介质方位旅行时正演

在研究任意各向异性介质中的旅行时正演方法时,针对含气裂隙和含水裂隙模型,本文给出了各向异性介质中射线追踪计算方法。计算结果表明:①在垂直裂隙情况下,纵波反射时间随炮检距、方位角变化,含气裂隙纵波反射时间的方位差异和炮检距差异更为明显;②在相同炮检距时,随着方位角变化反射波旅行时间呈近似椭圆规律变化,含气裂隙介质反射时间的方位差异比含水裂隙差异明显;③在不同裂隙面倾角情况下,反射波旅行时间的方位差异在裂隙面垂直时最为明显,然后随裂隙倾角的减小而减小,当裂隙面水平时变成方位各向同性介质;④在不同方位的测线中,以垂直裂隙走向测线的.纵波反射时间与平行于裂隙走向测线的纵波反射时间差异最大。

任意空间取向TI介质中体波速度特征分析

基于任意空间取向TI介质(简称ATI)中体波速度和偏振解析解,通过模型数值计算给出ATI介质中体波群速度和相速度的变化特征,说明TI空间取向与测线方位对速度的影响。研究表明,体波群速度图案和相速度图案相对TI对称轴固定,随TI对称轴倾角及其相对测线方位角的变化呈现出一定的对称性和重复性;可以针对ATI地区的地质情况,给出体波群速度和相速度变化图案,为进一步的理论研究提供便捷。此结果也可以直接用于VSP(垂直地震剖面)和井间地震资料的分析研究。

On the Reversal Effects of the Velocity Quotient on the Directions of Changes of Finishing Results of Conventional and Flexible Grinding

The paper presents the problem of right direction of changes of the velocity quotient in view of getting advantageous smoothing results of material finishing using a compact elastic wheel. In fact the problem has been considered reversely in comparison with the change direction of the velocity quotient on the grounds of knowledge on grinding using ceramic wheels. The specifics of performance of the elastic wheels are considered. The investigation was carried out on the effect of their peripheral velocity on the directions of smoothing. The problem is considered by presenting it on the background of determined results of grinding using a ceramic wheel. The dependence of a determined roughness measure of the smoothed surface on the velocity quotient is delivered. The forms of a function approximating experimental dependences of the subject roughness measure on the mentioned quotient have been derived. Furthermore, the results coming out of the performed experimental studies have been presented.

外界风对小城镇多层建筑火灾流场的影响

随着市场经济的不断发展,城市化的进程加快,农村人口向城市流动,使小城镇建设规模不断扩大,因而火灾等各种灾害对小城镇居民的生命和财产所造成的损失也越来越大。火灾时,外界风向、风速对火灾流场可能产生很大的影响。笔者根据小城镇一般民宅和建筑物的高度特点建立相应的几何模型和物理模型,利用Phoenics软件,从理论上研究了小城镇一幢楼房不同位置的房间发生火灾时,外界吹来不同风速的正向或侧向风,对房间内外稳态温度场与流场的影响。特别研究了房间内热气流流出窗外向上运动的浮力和外界风力相互作用发生的现象及其对房间内流动的影响。同时,还对不同外界风速情况下。

Optimal Guidance Law to Maximize Terminal Velocity for Missiles with Impact Angle Constraint

In this paper,an optimal guidance law for missiles with impact angle and miss distance constraints is proposed to achieve the maximal terminal velocity. The normal acceleration command that includes the timevarying coefficients is introduced to satisfy the desired impact angle as well as zero miss distance according to the geometric relation and relative motion parameters between missile and target. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem by defining the angle of velocity error and flight-path angle as state variables and maximizing a performance index of the terminal velocity. The analytical form of the proposed guidance law is obtained as the solution of the optimal control problem combining optimal control theory and numerical value computation method. Nonlinear simulations of various situations demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed optimal guidance law.

DNS Analysis on the Indirect Relationship between the Local Burning Velocity and the Flame Displacement Speed of Turbulent Premixed Flames

The local burning velocity and the flame displacement speed are the dominant properties in the mechanism of turbulent premixed combustion. The flame displacement speed and the local burning velocity have been investigated separately, because the flame displacement speed can be used for the discussion of flame-turbulence interactions and the local burning velocity can be used for the discussion of the inner structure of turbulent premixed flames. In this study, to establish the basis for the discussion on the effects of turbulence on the inner structure of turbulent premixed flames, the indirect relationship between the flame displacement speed and the local burning velocity was investigated by the flame stretch, the flame curvature, and the tangential strain rate using DNS database with different density ratios. It was found that for the local tangential strain rate and the local flame curvature, the local burning velocity and the flame displacement speed had the opposite correlations in each density ratio case. Therefore, it is considered that the local burning velocity and the flame displacement speed have a negative correlation.

Measurement Method of Graviton Velocity and Thought on Correcting Lorentz Transformation——The Superluminal Neutrino’s Influence on Special Relativity and Other Physical Theories

After discovery of the superluminal particle and consideration on development of contemporary physical theory research, also on the existing errors and omissions, the principle of constant light speed is found not a necessary condition in derivation of Lorentz Transformation;instead, this thesis proposes the velocity of graviton may feature superluminal, constant velocity in different directions, and independence of inertial reference frame speeds. This is an optional thought of correction. According serial hypothesis, an equation of graviton’s motion trace, i.e., the central curve of nebula density, is established for spiral galaxy. Thus we gain the method to measure velocity of graviton. If to totally avoid problem of limit speed, we have to search for independent of inertia frames, and relevant to space-time properties. Regarding current difficulties of singular points in the Theory of Limited Universe, this thesis points out that the document [1] is the best solution to these difficulties.

Velocity Addition Demonstrated from the Conservation of Linear Momenta, an Alternative Expression

Is it possible to demonstrate the velocity addition without using a variable time (as it is done in theory of relativity)? The topic of this paper is to propose and demonstrate an alternative expres-sion based on the conservation of linear momenta. The method proposed here is to start from a physical object (and not from a mathematical point), i.e. from an object with a mass. And the hy-pothesis is inertial mass to be different from gravitational mass. Then, when impulses are added, we get an expression of the velocity addition itself. When numerical predictions are compared with experimental results, the differences are lower than the measures uncertainty. And these numerical results are much close to those predicts by the theory of relativity, nevertheless with a little difference at high velocities. If this demonstration and this expression were validated, it would allow giving an alternative explanation to some experiments and nature observations as Doppler Effect on light celerity. But first, it would be necessary to get from laboratories more precise experimental results, in order to validate or not this hypothesis of the sum of linear momenta with a Variable Inertial Mass.

Influence of salinity and moisture on the threshold shear velocity of saline sand in the Qarhan Desert, Qaidam Basin of China: A wind tunnel experiment

Determination of the threshold shear velocity is essential for predicting sand transport,dust release and desertification.In this study,a wind tunnel experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of salinity and moisture on the threshold shear velocity of saline sand.Saline sand samples(mean particle size of 164.50–186.08μm and the total silt,clay and salt content of 0.80%–8.25%)were collected from three saline sand dunes(one barchan dune and two linear dunes)in the Qarhan Desert,Qaidam Basin of China.Original saline sand samples were placed in two experimental trays for wet and dry processing to simulate deliquescence and desiccation,respectively.Surface moisture content ranging from 0.30% to 1.90% was generated by the steam method so that the saline sand can absorb water in a saturated water vapor environment.The motion of sand particles was determined by the observers with a solid laser.The laser sheet(0.80 cm thick),which was emitted by the solid laser,horizontally covered the sand surface and was bound to the sand.Results show that the cohesion of saline sand results from a combination of salt and water.The threshold shear velocity increases exponentially with the increase in crust thickness for the linear sand dunes.There is a positive linear correlation between the original moisture content and relative threshold shear velocity.The threshold shear velocity of dewatered sand is greater than that of wet sand with the same original moisture content.Our results will provide valuable information about the sand transport of highly saline soil in the desert.

低速非达西渗流理论方法在DST试井中的应用

文章从低渗透油气藏中流体低渗流速度特征入手,通过引入启动压差概念,建立了能描述低渗透油气藏中流体低速非达西渗流的渗流微分方程和考虑井筒储集、表皮效应的低速非达西渗流DST段塞流试井模型,并结合适当的地质模型、内(外)边界条件,构成了低速非达西渗流定解问题。通过对其求解,从试井解释的角度上得出新型样板曲线,这进一步丰富了对低渗透油气藏的认识。在进行DST测试时,启动压差的影响将会导致续流时间延长,增加解释的难度;其试井导数曲线后期上翘,不能简单认为是边界反映,要结合地质及生产实际情况做细致分析才能得出结论,这有效地解决了过去遇到的压力导数曲线上翘而解释边界距离太近的疑难问题。此外,采用低速非达西渗流模型可解释为何在低渗层中刚开井投产时无产量,而经过一段时间后才有产量的现象。

The Unified Field

This is a Unified Field description based on the holographic Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, which is an eternal continuum evolving forward in the forward direction of time, at the speed of light, c, at an invariant 1 s/s rate of time. This is the Fundamental Direction of Evolution, FDE. There is also an evolution down time dilation gradients, the Gravitational Direction of Evolution, GDE. These evolutions are gravity, which is the evolutionary force in time. Gravitational velocities are compensation for the difference in the rate of time, dRt, in a dilation field, and the dRtis equal to the compensatory velocity’s percentage of c, and is a measure of the force in time inducing the velocity. In applied force induced velocities, the dRt is a measure of the resistance in time to the induced velocity, which might be called “anti-gravity” or “negative gravity”. The two effects keep the continuum uniformly evolving forward at c. It is demonstrated that gravity is already a part of the electromagnetic field equations in way of the dRt element contained in the TDC velocity formula. Einstein’s energy formula is defined as a velocity formula and a modified version is used for charged elementary particle solutions. A time dilation-based derivation of the Lorentz force ties gravity directly to the electromagnetic field proving the unified field of gravity and the EMF. It is noted how we could possibly create gravity drives. This is followed by a discussion of black holes, proving supermassive objects, like massive black hole singularities, are impossible, and that black holes are massless Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) that are vortices in spacetime. .

二维等离子体并行PIC模拟的性能分析及应用

通过区域分解法实现了二维等离子体粒子模拟程序并行化,并将此程序运行在由16个PentiumⅢ1 6GCPU组成的微机机群上,对其性能进行了测试.结果表明,在计算规模一定的情况下,并行程序的并行效率随计算结点的增加而降低;而在计算节点不变的情况下,并行效率随计算规模的增加而增加,并行计算更适合于计算规模大的物理问题.利用此并行程序计算了等离子体中的束流不稳定性,结果表明,在波动激发的线性增长阶段,等离子体束流激发的Alfv啨n波基本上沿背景磁场方向传播,其波数满足共振条件ω-kVb=-Ωi,其中ω和k分别为Alfv啨n波的频率和波数,Vb为束流的速度,Ωi为离子的回旋频率.

AC Recombination Velocity in the Back Surface of a Lamella Silicon Solar Cell under Temperature

The ac recombination velocity of the excess minority carriers, in the back surface of a silicon solar cell with a vertical junction connected in series, is developed through Einstein’s law giving the diffusion coefficient of minority carriers according to temperature, through mobility. The frequency spectrum of both, amplitude and phase, are produced for the diffusion coefficient and the recombination velocity in the rear face, in order to identify the parameters of equivalent electric models.