A Prediction Model of Peasants’ Income in China Based on BP Neural Network

According to the related data affecting the peasants’ income in China in the years 1978-2008,a total of 13 indices are selected,such as agricultural population,output value of primary industry,and rural employees.Based on the standardized method and BP neural network method,the peasants’ income and the artificial neural network model are established and analyzed.Results show that the simulation value agrees well with the real value;the neural network model with improved BP algorithm has high prediction accuracy,rapid convergence rate and good generalization ability.Finally,suggestions are put forward to increase the peasants’ income,such as promoting the process of urbanization,developing small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas,encouraging intensive operation,and strengthening the rural infrastructure and agricultural science and technology input.

China-U.S. Trade Balance from the National Income Perspective

This paper calculates the China-U.S. trade balance from the national income perspective based on an input-output model that differentiates domestic and foreign-invested companies. The result shows that due to different degrees of dependence of both countries on foreign production factors such as foreign capital for the manufacturing of export goods,only 87.7% of the domestic value-added created by China's exports to the U.S. in 2012 was China's national income, whereas 96.2% of value-added in U.S. exports to China was U.S.national income. In the comparison of total export volume and export value-added, the home country's national income created by exports can more realistically reflect a country's gains from trade. In 2012, China's trade surplus with the U.S. stood at 102.8 billion US dollars in national income terms, which is 61% and 22% smaller than the results in gross and value-added terms, respectively. The implication is that the traditional trade balance accounting method seriously exaggerates the China-U.S. trade imbalance.

Income Growth of Peasants Based on Grey Theory

Taking Jiangsu Province for example and using the relevant data in Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook and Statistical Communique of Jiangsu Province on National Economic and Social Development during 2002-2009,the thesis selects eight indexes including per capita net income of farmers,the fixed asset investment level in rural areas,average educational level,agricultural scientific and technological level,urbanization level,industrialization level,average consumption level per rural residents and per capita GDP and adopts the theory of grey correlation to analyze the factors influencing the peasants' net income.As shown in the result,the effect on the peasants' net income gives the following subsequence from great to little:average consumption level per capita of rural residents,urbanization level,average educational level,industrialization level,per capita GDP,number of scientific and technical personnel and fixed asset investment level in rural areas,that is,r06>r04>r02>r05>r07>r03>r01.Then combining with the practical conditions,the thesis makes a detailed analysis of each factor influencing the peasant's income growth and proposes corresponding measures in order to improve the peasants' income.

Territorial Inequality of Net Income per Peasant in Shandong Province and Its Mechanism

Income inequality among farmers living in different regions was an important form of territorial inequalities. Studying the territorial inequality of the net income per peasant was an emphasis of this paper, and Shandong Province was pointed as the case study region. By the help of logistic regression, it could be found that the special distribution of the net income per peasant in Shandong Province was affected by three factors： distance to No.308 National Highway, distance to the coastline in the east of Shandong Province, and urbanization rates. Based on the decomposition of Gini index, the net income per peasant was divided into four parts, and it was found that the income from family business and salary were the two major sources of income. As to the mechanism for income inequality, it was proved that urbanization was still the key factor. In order to reduce income inequality, the local governments should promote urbanization through improving road networks, such as building highways, which could connect rural areas with the major nodes such as big cities and the port cities in the east.

The Analysis of the Basic features of Peasant Households with Different Income levels——A Case of 259 Peasant Households in Three Villages of Hebei Province,China

According to the urban and rural income levels and the national poverty line,peasant households are classified into poor households,middle-income households and wealthy households.Based on the investigation data of 259 peasant households in three villages of Hebei Province,the features of family structure,economy,ideology and communication of peasant households with different income levels in current status are analyzed.The result shows that there are great differences in family structure,ideology,economy and communication of peasant households with different income levels.The low-income households are featured by unreasonable family structure,heavy burden,conservative behavior and blocking information.While the middle and high income households are good at communicating and willing to take risk and armed with high skills.Based on this,relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the development of peasant households,such as optimizing family structure,cultivating the capacity of the core numbers of the family,guiding households to choose a suitable development path,encouraging farmers to work out,ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers,flourishing rural culture,and setting up good platform for the communication of households.

An Analysis of Japanese Economy and Labor Market From Disparities by Gender and Employment Types of Lifetime and Annual Income,Public Pension Benefit and Redistribution

The purpose of this study is the maintenance of Japan’s economy by labor economics and public finance.I analyze(1)considering differences by gender and employment type by labor economics of applied microeconomics,and also(2)considering income,tax and social insurance obligations,and public pension benefits by public finance.1.In Japan,a regular employee has more men than women,and an irregular employee has more women than men.2.Japan’s current significant economic issues are rapidly decreasing population and other.3.All people from 20 years old pay the public pension insurance every month,and all people about from 70 years old can receive public pension benefit every month.4.The average lifespan is 100 years old,and a woman is higher than a man.Using individual data from the Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications'"National Survey of Income and Expenditure",I conducted an analysis on both an annual and lifetime basis of male and female workers from their 20s to 60s who are regular or irregular employees in the labor market.Furthermore,I studied men and women in from their 70s to 100 years old who receive public pension benefits.

Crohn’s disease in low and lower-middle income countries: A scoping review

BACKGROUND While Crohn’s disease has been studied extensively in high-income countries,its epidemiology and care in low and lower-middle income countries(LLMICs)is not well established due to a lack of disease registries and diagnostic capacity.AIM To describe the published burden,diagnostic/treatment capacity,service utilization,challenges/barriers to individuals with Crohn’s in LLMICs and their providers.METHODS We conducted a scoping review utilizing a full search strategy was developed and conducted in PubMed,Embase and World Health Organization Global Index Medicus.Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of all of the publications found in this search,reviewed selected publications,and extracted relevant data,which underwent descriptive review and was analyzed in Excel.RESULTS The database search yielded 4486 publications,216 of which were determined to be relevant to the research questions.Of all 79 LLMICs,only 21(26.6%)have publications describing individuals with Crohn’s.Overall,the highest number of studies came from India,followed by Tunisia,and Egypt.The mean number of Crohn’s patients reported per study is 57.84 and the median is 22,with a wide range from one to 980.CONCLUSION This scoping review has shown that,although there is a severe lack of populationbased data about Crohn’s in LLMICs,there is a signal of Crohn’s in these settings around the world.

Women’s empowerment and food consumption:Evidence from female-headed households in Tanzania

Despite the growing recognition of women’s increasing role in the household and corresponding empowerment programs in sub-Saharan Africa,intensive research on the relationship between women’s influence and household food consumption is minimal.Using the most recent(2017-2018)national household survey data from Tanzania,this study examined the influence of women’s empowerment on household food consumption.First,we compared the monthly consumption of eight food categories between female-headed households(FHHs)and male-headed households(MHHs)using both descriptive statistics and the propensity score matching(PSM)method.Furthermore,we adopted the two-stage Linear Expenditure System and Almost Ideal Demand System model(LES-AIDS)to estimate income and price elasticities for the two household types.The results show that FHHs consume bread and cereals,fish,oils and fats,vegetables,and confectionery(sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.)more than MHHs.Moreover,FHHs have a significantly higher income elasticity of demand for all food groups than MHHs.They are also more price elastic than MHHs in meat,fish,oils,fats,sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.

农业节水灌溉REITs项目IRR测算研究

通过农业节水灌溉特许经营项目REITs案例研究发现,基础设施特许经营项目存在价值漏损时,可采用修正的B-S期权模型进行估值,可分配现金流用于分红的比例越高,投资收益越高,但项目的看涨期权价值越低。在项目高溢价转让的情况下,银行贷款比例越高、偿还时间越短,投资内部收益率(IRR)及投资收益可能越低;收益波动越大,看涨期权价值越大,但IRR可能会下降。采用B-S期权定价模型丰富了现有经营权类公募REITs资产估值方法,具有推广应用价值。对公募REITs产品在不同贷款比例、还款期限以及分红条件下确定合理投资收益,具有实践指导作用。

‘Middle-Income Trap’ and ‘High-Income Waft＇： Challenges and Opportunities to China

The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.

梯次移民:协调欠发达地区经济发展的现实途径

区域经济的协调发展是完成我国全面建设小康社会重大任务的关键。我国各区域之间不协调的根本之处在于欠发达地区与发达地区之间、城乡之间的差距在不断扩大。这种扩大直接表现为农民收入的绝对数在增加,但相对数增长缓慢甚至下降,其根本原因在于农民人口的基数过大。当前要保持各区域之间协调的根本点在于在现有生产力条件下,尽力保持各区域之间的差距不再进一步扩大,并努力创造条件,缩小差距。合理、稳妥、有效地减少农民人口,其最有效的途径是实施"梯次移民"。

Measuring Labor＇s Share of Income in China： 1993-2008

Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the measurement problems of labor＇s share of income from the perspectives of definition and data and their influences on the accuracy of the measurement results. Then it sums up and appraises several adjustment methods for existing measurement problems. Finally, the author estimates the operating surplus of private, unincorporated enterprises （OSPUE） in China using data from Urban household survey （UHS）, Rural household survey （RHS） and population survey, and further makes a correction to labor＇s share of income in China from 1993 to 2008 with data from flow of funds accounts. Finally, the author conducted trend analysis and international comparisons using the results obtained from the first part of the paper.

实现我国农业适度规模经营的EBSP分析

农业适度规模经营是实现我国农业现代化的必由之路,从理论上构建实现农业适度规模经营的一般分析框架具有重大的现实意义。运用马克思主义政治经济学分析范式,构建由环境分析、行为分析、结构分析和绩效评价四个部分组成的实现农业适度规模经营的EBSP分析框架:环境分析包括自然环境、社会经济环境和制度环境分析;行为分析考察政府、农户以及新型农业经营主体的行为选择与演化;结构分析研究农业适度规模经营主体的培育以及农业生产经营的组织化程度和社会化服务水平,亦是这一分析框架的核心;绩效评价主要从农民、农业和农村三个角度来进行,以收入指标为主、效率指标为辅。还应深化制度改革,规范主体行为,优化内在结构,完善激励机制,以促进农业适度规模经营的实现。

Changes in Chinese People's Personal Incomes

Thegeneralsituationofpersonalincomesfrom1956to1978Itisnecessarytohaveknowledgeofthesituationofpersonalincomesfrom1956to1978beforewemakeasurveyofthepeople'sincomesatpresent.In1978Chinabeganintroducingthepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,thusus...

HANDICRAFTS BOOST VILLAGER’S INCOME IN MAINLING

Some Tibetan people regard it as a luxury or of high class to drink tea or wine in a silver-plated wooden bowl,with such bowls mostly made in Tibet’s places of lower attitude like in eastern Nyingchi City.Known as the Tibetan medicinal world,the region’s Mainling

农村职业教育为农民增收服务的对策探讨

农村职业教育必须在促进农民增收中发挥作用。农民收入与自身的科技文化素质有很重要的关系,农村职业教育应进一步提高科技文化知识在农民增收中重要作用的认识,改革办学模式,加强农业科学技术研究和实用技术推广示范,大力开展对农民信息传递和技术培训活动,积极主动地为农民增收服务。

基于CSTBC的企业所得税管理系统数据库结构及数据模型的研究

以国家税务总局制定的"企业所得税税务代理工作底稿"为基础,研究建立了企业所得税纳税管理系统软件中数据库的结构体系;以报表数据单元格为核心,研究出一种基于CSTBC(Coordinate-Standard Table Block-Coalesce block)报表显示、存储方式,由此架构了系统数据库的逻辑结构关系模型,分析了在企业所得税纳税申报系统程序中各环节间数据的链接和相应的运算、管理关系,给出了"坐标唯一"的BBGS(报表公式表)化的数据运算处理方式,并构建了系统数据库表内、表间数据勾稽关系模型;叙述了企业所得税纳税管理系统软件的主要功能与应用。