The objective of this study is to understand the validity of salinity vertical profiles collected from shallow piezometers that are not previously flushed. This study shows that salinity data collected from boreholes ...The objective of this study is to understand the validity of salinity vertical profiles collected from shallow piezometers that are not previously flushed. This study shows that salinity data collected from boreholes are only an average value along the entire screened section of the piezometer. In order to collect data that is rep-resentative for the salinity of the adjacent aquifer, a new monitoring strategy has been developed. This strat-egy includes measurement of the salinity at the top of the watertable in an auger hole which is a shallow boreholes made with an handheld drill. This should be combined with measurements in piezometers that are first flushed to take out stagnant water. From the piezometers on can measure the average salinity of the screened part and the salinity at the bottom of the aquifer. By using this monitoring strategy it is also possi-ble to define where the piezometers screens are located if this is not known beforehand.展开更多
Nowadays underground structures are very important. Based on observations of engineering;properties during geotechnical construction are an integral part of the design of underground structures. This research presents...Nowadays underground structures are very important. Based on observations of engineering;properties during geotechnical construction are an integral part of the design of underground structures. This research presents instrumentation as a tool to assist with these measurement observations, determine the need for modifications to loading or support arrangement. Also apart from above construction control, instrumentation is also indispensable for site investigation, design verification and safety of the structure. Instrumentation used in the construction of tunnels and subways can be implemented in three stagesbefore, during operation and during operation are examined. Metro Railway Tunnels are constructed in populated area and have a more comprehensive instrumentation and monitoring program that additionally includes monitoring of ground conditions, underground water levels, tilt and settlement of nearby buildings or other structures of interest in the vicinity of the tunnel alignment. Instrumentation monitoring for metro railway tunnels includes monitoring of the structures under construction together with the ground, buildings and other facilities within the predicted zone of influence. Furthermore, instrumentation and subway tunnels in and around them increase accuracy of the different layers of the earth and excavation of the surrounding structures and make safety and accuracy. This paper presents the features of sophisticated instrumentation available today for geotechnical monitoring. A wide range of sophistic have been described with their applications ted electronic and mechanical instrumentation with different instrumentation schemes used to meet the requirements of different types of structures.展开更多
针对集流管结构严重影响旋喷泵性能这一问题,本文以专用的旋喷泵开式试验台和5种安装不同结构集流管的模型泵为研究对象,分析了集流管结构对旋喷泵内、外特性影响。数值计算为避免各向同性涡粘假设,选择雷诺应力RSM linear pressure-str...针对集流管结构严重影响旋喷泵性能这一问题,本文以专用的旋喷泵开式试验台和5种安装不同结构集流管的模型泵为研究对象,分析了集流管结构对旋喷泵内、外特性影响。数值计算为避免各向同性涡粘假设,选择雷诺应力RSM linear pressure-strain模型,将数值计算结果与试验结果对比以验证其可信度。结果表明:试验泵集流管进口直径过小或者过大都会导致旋喷泵扬程与效率的下降。集流管外形对旋喷泵的扬程、效率影响明显,翼形集流管扬程、效率较高。旋喷泵尾流区相对半径r′<0.5与r′>1.0范围内受旋壳效应影响,高速层和低速层之间动量传递剧烈,不同结构集流管在同一位置坐标雷诺应力数值差异普遍在10-4量级。研究结果可为集流管结构设计及选型提供重要基础。展开更多
文摘The objective of this study is to understand the validity of salinity vertical profiles collected from shallow piezometers that are not previously flushed. This study shows that salinity data collected from boreholes are only an average value along the entire screened section of the piezometer. In order to collect data that is rep-resentative for the salinity of the adjacent aquifer, a new monitoring strategy has been developed. This strat-egy includes measurement of the salinity at the top of the watertable in an auger hole which is a shallow boreholes made with an handheld drill. This should be combined with measurements in piezometers that are first flushed to take out stagnant water. From the piezometers on can measure the average salinity of the screened part and the salinity at the bottom of the aquifer. By using this monitoring strategy it is also possi-ble to define where the piezometers screens are located if this is not known beforehand.
文摘Nowadays underground structures are very important. Based on observations of engineering;properties during geotechnical construction are an integral part of the design of underground structures. This research presents instrumentation as a tool to assist with these measurement observations, determine the need for modifications to loading or support arrangement. Also apart from above construction control, instrumentation is also indispensable for site investigation, design verification and safety of the structure. Instrumentation used in the construction of tunnels and subways can be implemented in three stagesbefore, during operation and during operation are examined. Metro Railway Tunnels are constructed in populated area and have a more comprehensive instrumentation and monitoring program that additionally includes monitoring of ground conditions, underground water levels, tilt and settlement of nearby buildings or other structures of interest in the vicinity of the tunnel alignment. Instrumentation monitoring for metro railway tunnels includes monitoring of the structures under construction together with the ground, buildings and other facilities within the predicted zone of influence. Furthermore, instrumentation and subway tunnels in and around them increase accuracy of the different layers of the earth and excavation of the surrounding structures and make safety and accuracy. This paper presents the features of sophisticated instrumentation available today for geotechnical monitoring. A wide range of sophistic have been described with their applications ted electronic and mechanical instrumentation with different instrumentation schemes used to meet the requirements of different types of structures.
文摘针对集流管结构严重影响旋喷泵性能这一问题,本文以专用的旋喷泵开式试验台和5种安装不同结构集流管的模型泵为研究对象,分析了集流管结构对旋喷泵内、外特性影响。数值计算为避免各向同性涡粘假设,选择雷诺应力RSM linear pressure-strain模型,将数值计算结果与试验结果对比以验证其可信度。结果表明:试验泵集流管进口直径过小或者过大都会导致旋喷泵扬程与效率的下降。集流管外形对旋喷泵的扬程、效率影响明显,翼形集流管扬程、效率较高。旋喷泵尾流区相对半径r′<0.5与r′>1.0范围内受旋壳效应影响,高速层和低速层之间动量传递剧烈,不同结构集流管在同一位置坐标雷诺应力数值差异普遍在10-4量级。研究结果可为集流管结构设计及选型提供重要基础。
