Mathematical Wave Functions and 3D Finite Element Modelling of the Electron and Positron

The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.

Effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on Pulmonary Function, Blood Gas Analysis Index, Serum PCT and CRP Expression in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis index, serum PCT and CRP expression in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 88 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital of Anhui Province from December 2014 to December 2016 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 44 cases in each group. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was given Suhuang Zhike Capsule on the basis of the treatment method of the control group. After 7 days' treatment, the improvement of lung function indexes were observed and evaluated before and after treatment(forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1), forced expiratory volume occupancy in the 1^(st) second percentage of vital capacity(FEVl/FVC), peak expiatory flow(PEF)), blood gas analysis index(Arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_2) and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO_2), oxygenation index(OI)) and serum cytokine levels(procalcitonin(PCT) and C reactive protein(CRP). RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The FEV_1, FEV_1/FVC and PEF in 2 groups were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the above lung function indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group(P < 0.05). PaO_2 and OI were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), PaCO_2 was significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement of above blood gas analysis indexes were significantly superior of the observation group than the control group(P < 0.05). The serum PCT and CRP levels in 2 groups were significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement in the observation group were more significant than that in the control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Suhuang Zhike Capsule can inhibit serum inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, improve blood gas analysis indicators, and improve lung functions.

Magnetic resonance angiography for the primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: A review from the international workshop for pulmonary functional imaging

Pulmonary contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography(CE-MRA) is useful for the primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism(PE). Many sites have chosen not to use CE-MRA as a first line of diagnostic tool for PE because of the speed and higher efficacy of computerized tomographic angiography(CTA). In this review, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of CEMRA and the appropriate imaging scenarios for the primary diagnosis of PE derived from our unique multiinstitutional experience in this area. The optimal patient for this test has a low to intermediate suspicion for PE based on clinical decision rules. Patients in extremis are not candidates for this test. Younger women(< 35 years of age) and patients with iodinated contrast allergies are best served by using this modality We discuss the history of the use of this test, recent technical innovations, artifacts, direct and indirect findings for PE, ancillary findings, and the effectiveness(patient outcomes) of CE-MRA for the exclusion of PE. Current outcomes data shows that CE-MRA and NM V/Q scans are effective alternative tests to CTA for the primary diagnosis of PE.

Resistance Measured by Airflow Perturbation Compared with Standard Pulmonary Function Measures

Background: Routine lung function testing requires expensive equipment, or requires maximum expiratory effort. The airflow perturbation device (APD) is a light handheld device, allowing for serial measures of respiratory resistance noninvasively and effortlessly. Methods: In a convenience sample of 398 patients undergoing pulmonary function testing, we compared routine spirometric indices (forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF)), and airways resistance (Raw-272 patients), to measures of respiratory resistance measured with the APD including inspiratory (IR), expiratory (ER) and averaged (AR) resistance. Results: Measures of lung function were significantly correlated (p 0.001). On regression analysis, between 7% - 17% of the variance (R2) for FEV1, PEF, and Raw was explained by APD measurements. Approximately 2/3 of the variance in FEV1 was explained by PEF measurements. Conclusions: APD measurements of lung function correlate with conventional measures. Future studies should be directed at exploring the use of the APD device in serial measures of lung function in patients with lung disease.

Effects of naloxone hydrochloride on pulmonary function, blood gas changes and inflammatory factors in patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure

Objective: To investigate the effects of naloxone hydrochloride on pulmonary function, blood gas changes and inflammatory factors in patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure. Methods: According to random data table method, 80 cases of COPD combined with respiratory failure were randomly divided into the control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40), patients in the control group were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the basis of routine symptomatic treatment, on the basis of the treatment of the control group, the observation group received naloxone hydrochloride therapy. The levels of pulmonary function, blood gas changes and inflammatory factors were compared in two groups before and after treatment. Results: The levels of serum FEV1, FVC, PEF, PaCO2, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, TNF-α and PCT in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant. After treatment, the levels of FEV1, FVC, PEF in the control group and observation group were (70.01±0.36)%, (2.16±0.41) L, (2.98±0.45) L/s and (81.71±0.53)%, (3.65±0.55) L, (4.36±0.43) L/s, which were significantly higher than those in the same group before treatment, and the levels in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group;the levels of PaCO2, PaO2 and PaO22/FiO2 in the two groups were (59.62±6.47) mmHg, (65.53±7.36) mmHg, (323.89±10.47) and (46.59±6.64) mmHg, (73.65±8.26) mmHg, (398.64±14.06), compared with the same group before treatment, PaCO2 levels were significantly lower in both groups, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 levels were significantly increased in both groups, and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group;the levels of TNF-α, PCT in the two groups were (23.28±4.53) pg/mL, (5.22±2.13) ng/mL and (16.61±4.12) pg/mL, (2.07±1.21) ng/mL, which were significantly lower than those in the same group before treatment, moreover, the observation group levels were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion:Treatment of COPD with respiratory failure by naloxone hydrochloride can effectively reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and improved lung function and blood gas levels, which has important clinical value.

Numerical study of point spread function of a fast neutron radiography system based on scintillating-fiber array

For a scintillating-fiber array fast-neutron radiography system,a point-spread-function computing model was introduced,and the simulation code was developed. The results of calculation show that fast-neutron radiographs vary with the size of fast neutron sources,the size of fiber cross-section and the imaging geometry. The results suggest that the following qualifications are helpful for a good point spread function: The cross-section of scintillating fibers not greater than 200 μm×200 μm,the size of neutron source as small as a few millimeters,the distance between the source and the scintillating fiber array greater than 1 m,and inspected samples placed as close as possible to the array. The results give suggestions not only to experiment considerations but also to the estimation of spatial resolution for a specific system.

The Differences of Interstitial Lung Diseases in High-Resolution Computerized Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test among Different Connective Tissue Diseases, and the Correlated Factors

Objective. To study the difference of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in high-resolution computerized tomography and pulmonary function test among different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Methods. 209 patients with different CTDs were recruited and underwent lung HRCT and PFT. Eerythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), anti-SSA, and so on were tested. Based on HRCT, a patient was classified into ILD group (CTD+ILD) or non-ILD group (CTD-ILD). HRCT, PFT, and laboratory markers were compared according to CTDs and CTD-associated ILDs. Results. The incidences of ILD were 79.6%, 82.0%, 89.7%, and 97.1% respectively for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjogren’s symptom (pSS), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) groups. RA and pSS patients exhibited more nodules, patching, ground-glass opacity, and cord shadow foci in HRCT, DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more reticular opacity and honeycombing foci. RA and pSS patients exhibited more obstructive ventilatory disorder, small airway dysfunction and emphysema in PFT, and DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more restrictive ventilatory disorder, mixed ventilatory disorder. ESR, CRP and SF were significantly higher in total CTD+ILD group than in total CTD-ILD group (P = 0.047, 0.006, 0.004, respectively), and higher in different CTD+ ILD groups than in comparable CTD-ILD groups (P = 0.049, 0.048, and 0.023, pSS+ILD, SSc+ILD and RA+ILD compared to pSS-ILD, SSc-ILD and RA-ILD, respectively for ESR, CRP, SF). The positive rate of anti-SSA was significantly higher in DM/PM+ILD group than in DM/PM-ILD group (P = 0.025). Conclusions. The manifestations and incidences of ILDs differ among different CTDs in HRCT and PFT, and inflammation and anti-SSA are positively correlated with ILDs in different CTDs, which provide important evidences for judging disease condition and prognosis.

Electrostatic Attraction and Repulsion Explained and Modelled Mathematically Using Classical Physics—A Detailed Mechanism Based on Particle Wave Functions

The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has been no mechanistic explanation that reveals what causes the charged particles to accelerate, either towards or away from each other. This paper gives a detailed explanation of the phenomena of electrical attraction and repulsion based on my previous work that determined the exact wave-function solutions for both the Electron and the Positron. It is revealed that the effects are caused by wave interactions between the wave functions that result in Electromagnetic reflections of parts of the particle’s wave functions, causing a change in their momenta.

Effects of symbicort turbuhaler combined with tiotropium bromide on serum PCT, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IFN-γ, arterial blood gases and pulmonary function in patients with AECOPD

Objective: To study the effects of symbicort turbuhaler combined with tiotropium bromide on serum PCT, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IFN-γ, arterial blood gases and pulmonary function in patients with AECOPD. Methods A total of 90 patients in our hospital with AECOPD during January 2014 to January 2017 were divided into the control group (n=45) and the treatment group (n=45) randomly. The control group was treated with tiotropium bromide;the treatment group was treated with symbicort turbuhaler combined with tiotropium bromide. The two groups were treated for 14 d. That was compared of the serum PCT, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IFN-γ, PaO2, SaO2, PaCO2, MPAP, PASP and PADP of the two groups before and after treatment. Results The serum PCT, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IFN-γ, PaO2, SaO2, PaCO2, MPAP, PASP and PADP of the two groups before treatment have no significantly differences. The serum PCT, TIMP-1, MMP-9 and IFN-γ levels of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment. The serum PCT, TIMP-1, MMP-9 and IFN-γ levels of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group. The PaO2, SaO2 of the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment, the PaCO2, MPAP, PASP and PADP of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment. The PaO2, SaO2, PaCO2, MPAP, PASP and PADP of the treatment group after treatment were significantly better than the control group. Conclusion Symbicort turbuhaler combined with tiotropium bromide can reduce the serum PCT, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IFN-γlevels and the pulmonary arterial hypertension, improve the lung tissue oxygen supply and the cardiopulmonary function, and it was worthy clinical application.

High-resolution computed tomography findings in humoral primary immunodeficiencies and correlation with pulmonary function tests

AIM To compare high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) findings between humoral primary immunodeficiencies(hPIDs) subtypes; to correlate these findings to pulmonary function tests(PFTs).METHODS We retrospectively identified 52 consecutive adult patients with hPIDs who underwent 64-row HRCT and PFTs at the time of diagnosis. On a per-patient basis, an experienced radiologist recorded airway abnormalities(bronchiectasis,airway wall thickening, mucus plugging, tree-in-bud, and air-trapping) and parenchymal-interstitial abnormalities(consolidations, ground-glass opacities,linear and/or irregular opacities, nodules, and bullae/cysts) found on HRCT.The chi-square test was performed to compare the prevalence of each abnormality among patients with different subtypes of hPIDs. Overall logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether HRCT findings predicted obstructive and/or restrictive PFTs results(absent-to-mild vs moderate-tosevere).RESULTS Thirty-eight of the 52 patients with hPIDs showed common variable immunodeficiency disorders(CVID), while the remaining 14 had CVID-like conditions(i.e., 11 had isolated IgG subclass deficiencies and 3 had selective IgA deficiencies). The prevalence of most HRCT abnormalities was not significantly different between CVID and CVID-like patients(P > 0.05), except for linear and/or irregular opacities(prevalence of 31.6% in the CVID group and 0 in the CVID-like group; P = 0.0427). Airway wall thickening was the most frequent HRCT abnormality found in both CVID and CVID-like patients(71% of cases in both groups). The presence of tree-in-bud abnormalities was an independent predictor of moderate-to-severe obstructive defects at PFTs(Odds Ratio, OR, of 18.75, P < 0.05), while the presence of linear and/or irregular opacities was an independent predictor of restrictive defects at PFTs(OR = 13.00; P < 0.05).CONCLUSION CVID and CVID-like patients showed similar HRCT findings. Tree-in-bud and linear and/or irregular opacities predicted higher risks of, respectively,obstructive and restrictive defects at PFTs.

Effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsules on Pulmonary Function and Peripheral Blood Eosinophil Count and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients with Acute Attack of Bronchial Asthma

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsules on lung function and peripheral blood eosinophil count (EOS) and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in patients with acute asthma attack.METHODS: A total of 80 patients with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma admitted to Huai'an Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional treatment with western medicine,and the observation group was given Suhuang Zhike Capsules on the basis of the treatment method of the control group.After 1 week of treatment,the improvement of individual symptoms (cough,wheezing,wheezing rale),lung function [1 second forced expiratory volume (FEV1),forced expiratory volume occupational capacity of vital capacity (FVC) in 1 second and peak expiratory flow (PEF)] and peripheral blood EOS and eNO levels and efficacy before and after the treatment were observed and assessed.RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.5%,which was significantly higher than the total effective rate of the control group (75.0%)(P < 0.05).The cough,wheezing and wheezing scores of the 2 groups were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05).The scores of the above symptoms were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).The FEV1,FVC and PEF were significantly increased after treatment (P < 0.05),and the above lung functions in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group (all P < 0.05).The EOS and eNO levels in the peripheral blood of the 2 groups were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05),and the EOS and eNO levels in the peripheral blood in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Suhuang Zhike Capsules can reduce the levels of EOS and eNO in peripheral blood of patients with acute asthma attack,improve the lung function of patients,relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the prognosis.

Clinical Significance of Pulmonary Function Tests in Long-Term Survivors after Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

We retrospectively assessed long-term pulmonary function in adults surviving for ≥5 years after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and identified risk factors for late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications. Among 174 patients undergoing transplantation for hematologic malignancies between May 1994 and December 2004, 81 long-term survivors were evaluated. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed before conditioning, 3 months and 1 year after transplantation, and then annually. Eight patients (10%) had abnormal pulmonary function before transplantation, but this was not associated with late changes in PFTs. Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) showed a significant decline of lung function after 3 years when compared with patients without chronic GVHD. Abnormal pretransplantation lung function was associated with pulmonary chronic GVHD according to National Institutes of Health criteria (score 0, n = 58;score 1, n = 14;score 2, n = 6;score 3, n = 3). Five patients with late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications showed a decline of lung function at 1 year after transplantation. Only chronic GVHD was significantly related to late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications. In conclusion, abnormal lung function before transplantation may be associated with a decline in pulmonary function within 1 year after transplantation, but late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications could not be predicted from pretransplantation lung function.

Effect of sublingual dust mite drops on pulmonary function, immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with allergic rhinitis

Objective:To investigate the effects of sublingual dust mite drops on Pulmonary function, immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with allergic rhinitis.Methods:One hundred and ten patients with allergic rhinitis treated in our hospital from June 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment methods, the patients were divided into control group and observation group, with 53 cases in control group and 57 cases in observation group. The patients were given oral kastitium and risperidone nasal spray. The observation group was given sublingual dust mite droplet on the basis of the control group. Afterwards, the Pulmonary function, immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets Group level testing.Results: After treatment, the levels of FEV1, FVC and PEF increased significantly in the two groups. After treatment, the levels of FEV1, FVC and PEF in the observation group were (2.97±0.09) L, (3.96±0.07) L and (6.61±0.03) L/S, were significantly higher than the control group;After treatment, the levels of sIgE and T-IgE in both groups were significantly decreased, sIgG4 levels were significantly increased,After treatment, the levels of sIgE and T-IgE in the observation group were (12.22±1.08) kUA/L and (155.32 ± 9.51) kUA/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group,The level of sIgG4 was (434.17±12.31) mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of the control group;After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment. The levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8 in the two groups were (65.90±2.11)%, (39.18±0.33)% and (1.75±0.07), respectively, were significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment, the level of CD8+ was (24.13±0.77)%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group Significance.Conclusion: Sublingual dust mite drops can effectively improve pulmonary ventilation in patients with allergic rhinitis, regulate patient immune function, a significant effect, worthy of further clinical application.

Clinical effect of tiotropium bromide on pulmonary function,arterial blood gas and serum inflammatory cytokine in elderly patients with COPD at stable stage

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of tiotropium bromide in elderly patients with COPD at stable stage and its effects on pulmonary function,blood and serum inflammatory cytokine. Methods: 80 elderly patients with COPD s at stable stage were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with normal treatment. The treatment group was treated with tiotropium bromide on the basis of control group. 3 months after treatment, the pulmonary function、arterial blood gas and serum inflammatory cytokine were detected and compared in the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in lung function index and TNF- alpha level between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The levels of FVC, FEV1% and PEF were increased and serum TNF-α was decreased significantly after treatment in two groups (P<0.05), and they were better than in treatment group than those in control group (all P<0.05);There was no significant difference in blood gas index between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05);In addition, there were no significant difference in the level of PCT, PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 after treatment in control group, but the level of PCT and PaCO2 were higher and PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were lower obviously after treatment (P<0.01). The treatment group was superior to the control group (all P<0.05);Moreover, the curative effect of treatment group was better than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tiotropium bromide can improve pulmonary function, pulmonary function、arterial blood gas and serum inflammatory cytokine in elderly stable COPD patients.

Effects of terbutaline combined with methylprednisolone on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis and inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: To investigate the effects of terbutaline combined with methylprednisolone on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis and inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 100 patients with COPD were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and observation group (n=50) according to the lottery method. Both groups were treated with conventional therapy. On this basis, the control group was given inhalation of terbutaline. The observation group was given terbutaline inhalation and combination therapy with methylprednisolone. The changes of lung function, changes of blood gas analysis and inflammatory factors were measured before and after treatment in both groups. Results: There were no significant differences in lung function between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the levels of FVC and FEV1 in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and that of the observation group was higher than those of the control group. Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups. After treatment, PaO2 levels in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and that of the observation group was higher than those of the control group. After treatment, PaCO2 levels in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group after treatment. There were no significant differences in the levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the levels of PCT and TNF-α in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and those of the observation group was lower than those of the control group after treatment. Conclusion: The effect of Terbutaline combined with methylprednisolone treatment of COPD is better, which can significantly improve lung function, stable blood gas analysis, reduce the concentration of inflammatory factors, and be a potential effective treatment programs.

Establishing minimum clinically important difference values for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction, and knee injury and osteoarthritis out

AIM To establish minimum clinically important difference(MCID) for measurements in an orthopaedic patient population with joint disorders.METHODS Adult patients aged 18 years and older seeking care for joint conditions at an orthopaedic clinic took the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function(PROMIS~? PF) computerized adaptive test(CAT), hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(HOOS JR), and the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(KOOS JR) from February 2014 to April 2017. MCIDs were calculated using anchorbased and distribution-based methods. Patient reports of meaningful change in function since their first clinic encounter were used as an anchor.RESULTS There were 2226 patients who participated with a mean age of 61.16(SD = 12.84) years, 41.6% male, and 89.7% Caucasian. Mean change ranged from 7.29 to 8.41 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT, from 14.81 to 19.68 for the HOOS JR, and from 14.51 to 18.85 for the KOOS JR. ROC cut-offs ranged from 1.97-8.18 for the PF CAT, 6.33-43.36 for the HOOS JR, and 2.21-8.16 for the KOOS JR. Distribution-based methods estimated MCID values ranging from 2.45 to 21.55 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT; from 3.90 to 43.61 for the HOOS JR, and from 3.98 to 40.67 for the KOOS JR. The median MCID value in the range was similar to the mean change score for each measure and was 7.9 for the PF CAT, 18.0 for the HOOS JR, and 15.1 for the KOOS JR.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study providing a wide range of MCIDs for the PROMIS? PF, HOOS JR, and KOOS JR in orthopaedic patients with joint ailments.

Occupational Exposure to Particulate Matter from Biomass Smoke and Its Relationship to Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function among Rural Women Involved in Cassava Processing in Nigeria

Background: Cassava processing is an important source of livelihood for many rural women and involves prolonged exposure to biomass smoke. The impact of this exposure on respiratory health of these women has not been explored. We aimed to compare the frequency of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among cassava processing women to that of petty traders as well as the levels of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 at the workplaces of these women. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design. Questionnaire was administered;spirometry was performed;PM2.5 and PM10 were sampled. Descriptive statistics were used and multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the relationship between predictors and outcome variables. Results: 528 non-smoking women were recruited (264 cassava processors and 264 petty traders). The women were matched by baseline parameters. PM2.5 levels at the cassava processing plants were (50 ± 10.0 μg/m3) while the levels at the petty traders’ stalls were 13.0 ± 10.0 μg/m3 (P 2.5, having more respiratory symptoms, lower pulmonary function parameters and higher frequency of obstructive pulmonary defect compared to women not occupationally exposed to biomass. Use of more efficient fuel in cassava processing and personal protective equipment may limit the harmful health effects of biomass among these vulnerable women.

Effects of Combined Inhalation of Budesonide,Formoterol,and Tiotropium Bromide on Arterial Blood Gas and Pulmonary Function Indexes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:To analyze the effect of combined inhalation of budesonide formoterol and tiotropium bromide on arterial blood gas and pulmonary function indexes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:100 patients with COPD treated from January to December 2022 were selected as observation objects,and were divided into a control group(n=50,in which budesonide and formoterol were administered)and an experimental group(n=50,the treatment drug was budesonide formoterol combined with tiotropium bromide)according to the computer grouping method,and compared the treatment results.Results:(i)Before treatment,there was no difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with significant differences(P<0.05).(ii)Before treatment,there was no difference in forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/FVC between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the FVC,FEV1,and FEV1/FVC in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).(iii)There was no difference in the levels of CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αbetween the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αin the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,with significant differences(P<0.05).(iv)Compared to the total incidence of adverse reactions in the control group(28.00%),the incidence of total adverse reactions in the experimental group was lower at 10.00%,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined inhalation of budesonide and formoterol with tiotropium bromide has demonstrated a clear therapeutic efficacy and safety in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.This treatment approach effectively enhances arterial blood gas levels and lung function,showing promising potential for widespread application.

Effect of continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing on pulmonary function of postoperative patients with lung cancer

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality among cancers.Surgery is currently one of the primary methods of treating lung cancer.Although it can slow down the progression of the disease by removing the lesion,this invasive surgery inevitably damages the integrity of the patient’s chest.Moreover,the patient’s pulmonary function may have a low compensatory capacity after surgery,causing various respiratory diseases such as atelectasis,respiratory function decline,and even serious cardiovascular disease.All of these have great negative impacts on the surgical effect and the prognosis of patients.With the continuous exploration and development of nursing,continuous nursing and respiratory exercise nursing have been gradually applied in the nursing of patients after lung cancer surgery,and have achieved good nursing results.AIM To investigate the effect of continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing on the pulmonary function of postoperative patients with lung cancer.METHODS A total of 80 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects.All subjects were randomly divided into the control group(n=40 cases)and the experimental group(n=40 cases).Patients with lung cancer in the control group were given conventional nursing after surgery,while the experimental group was given continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing based on conventional nursing.The recovery of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms was observed before and after 3 mo of intervention in both groups.The pulmonary function parameters,blood gas analysis,MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-lung cancer module(MDASI-LC)scores,incidence of pulmonary complications,and Morisky compliance scores were compared between the two groups before and after 3 mo of intervention.RESULTS There was no significant difference in pulmonary function and blood gas analysis between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).3 mo after the intervention,the pulmonary function parameters in the experimental group(SpO2,VC,MVV,FEV1,FEV1%pred,and FEV1/FVC)were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood gas analysis between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).PaO2 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and PaCO_(2) was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 mo after the intervention.The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).3 mo after the intervention,the MDASI score of respiratory symptoms in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the incidence of pulmonary complications was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the treatment compliance and nursing satisfaction of patients in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing can significantly accelerate the recovery of respiratory function in postoperative lung cancer patients,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications of lung cancer as well as improve the treatment compliance of patients.

Monitoring Zenithal Total Delays over the three different climatic zones from IGS GPS final products:A comparison between the use of the VMF1 and GMF mapping functions

The International GNSS Service(IGS) final products(ephemeris and clocks-correction) have made the GNSS an indispensable low-cost tool for scientific research, for example sub-daily atmospheric water vapor monitoring. In this study, we investigate if there is a systematic difference coming from the choice between the Vienna Mapping Function 1(VMF1) and the Global Mapping Function(GMF) for the modeling of Zenith Total Delay(ZTD) estimates, as well as the Integrated Precipitable Water Vapor(IPWV) estimates that are deduced from them. As ZTD estimates cannot be fully separated from coordinate estimates, we also investigated the coordinate repeatability between subsequent measurements.For this purpose, we monitored twelve GNSS stations on a global scale, for each of the three climatic zones(polar, mid-latitudes and tropical), with four stations on each zone. We used an automated processing based on the Bernese GNSS Software Version 5.2 by applying the Precise Point Positioning(PPP)approach, L3 Ionosphere-free linear combination, 7 cutoff elevation angle and 2 h sampling. We noticed an excellent agreement with the ZTD estimates and coordinate repeatability for all the stations w.r.t to CODE(the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) and USNO(US Naval Observatory) products, except for the Antarctic station(Davis) which shows systematic biases for the GMF related results. As a final step, we investigated the effect of using two mapping functions(VMF1 and GMF) to estimate the IPWV,w.r.t the IPWV estimates provided by the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive(IGRA). The GPS-derived IPWV estimates are very close to the radiosonde-derived IPWV estimates, except for one station in the tropics(Tahiti).