The Mathematical and Physical Theory of Rational Human Intelligence: Complete Empirical-Digital Properties;Full Electrochemical-Mechanical Model (Part I: Mathematical Foundations)

The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)

An Overview and Perspectives On Bidirectional Intelligence: Lmser Duality, Double IA Harmony,and Causal Computation

Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser six cognitive functions and provide new perspectives on which a lot of extensions and particularlly flexible Lmser are proposed.Interestingly,either or two of these dualities actually takes an important role in recent models such as U-net,ResNet,and Dense Net.The second thread is about bidirectional learning principles unified by best yIng-yAng(IA)harmony in BYY system.After getting insights on deep bidirectional learning from a bird-viewing on existing typical learning principles from one or both of the inward and outward directions,maximum likelihood,variational principle,and several other learning principles are summarised as exemplars of the BYY learning,with new perspectives on advanced topics.The third thread further proceeds to deep bidirectional intelligence,driven by long term dynamics(LTD)for parameter learning and short term dynamics(STD)for image thinking and rational thinking in harmony.Image thinking deals with information flow of continuously valued arrays and especially image sequence,as if thinking was displayed in the real world,exemplified by the flow from inward encoding/cognition to outward reconstruction/transformation performed in Lmser learning and BYY learning.In contrast,rational thinking handles symbolic strings or discretely valued vectors,performing uncertainty reasoning and problem solving.In particular,a general thesis is proposed for bidirectional intelligence,featured by BYY intelligence potential theory(BYY-IPT)and nine essential dualities in architecture,fundamentals,and implementation,respectively.Then,problems of combinatorial solving and uncertainty reasoning are investigated from this BYY IPT perspective.First,variants and extensions are suggested for AlphaGoZero like searching tasks,such as traveling salesman problem(TSP)and attributed graph matching(AGM)that are turned into Go like problems with help of a feature enrichment technique.Second,reasoning activities are summarized under guidance of BYY IPT from the aspects of constraint satisfaction,uncertainty propagation,and path or tree searching.Particularly,causal potential theory is proposed for discovering causal direction,with two roads developed for its implementation.

国外新款车型系列介绍(三)——MAN 重型载货汽车

在第61届汉诺威国际商用车展上,全球商用车巨头带来了最新研发的车型、发动机以及相关技术。在前几期本刊分别从排放标准、提高运输效率、经济性、驾驶员舒适性、安全性,以及未来燃料趋势等各方面介绍了目前国际商用车的流行趋势。继前两期介绍了奔驰和依维柯重型产品之后,本期介绍 MAN 重型系列产品,重点介绍世界汽车工业变化对该公司经营理念的影响以及最新的重型车产品,同时也描述了该公司的一些最新技术动向。下期将介绍 DAF

The Rational Man Model in Social and Political Studies： A Plea for Relevance

This paper examines the assumptions of the Rational Man （RM） model familiar in social and political studies. It is observed that the model is too restrictive in its explaining events and behavior in social and political situations. It is suggested that the assumptions of RM model should be relaxed using the familiar methods and techniques of elementary formal logic. The concept of relevance is then introduced to take account of a ＂weaker＂ formal requirement in an attempt to explain events and processes in human action and/or behavior. The concept of ＂justification by reasons＂ is then introduced as a necessary though not sufficient requirement of explaining events and processes in social and political studies

Rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped patients with cancer and their caregivers to manage psychological distress and anxiety symptoms

There is a dearth of evidence-based data on how psychological distress and death anxiety symptoms experienced by cancer patients and caregivers are treated in developing regions. This article sheds light on the report of the findings from a 2016 study that revealed a rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped a select group of cancer patients and their family caregivers to manage problematic assumptions, psychological distress, and death anxiety symptoms in Nigeria.Based on my experience as a co-investigator and corresponding author of this previous study, I addressed the challenges of conducting such a study and the implications for future research in this article. This article encourages future researchers to replicate the study and endeavor to overcome the limitations of the previous study. Funders were also encouraged to ensure increased access to funds for conducting similar studies with cancer patients and their family caregivers in developing countries and other parts of the world.

Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does

In Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154, the mathematical structure of the much discussed problem of probability known as the Monty Hall problem was mapped in detail. It is styled here as Monty Hall 1.0. The proposed analysis was then generalized to related cases involving any number of doors (d), cars (c), and opened doors (o) (Monty Hall 2.0) and 1 specific case involving more than 1 picked door (p) (Monty Hall 3.0). In cognitive terms, this analysis was interpreted in function of the presumed digital nature of rational thought and language. In the present paper, Monty Hall 1.0 and 2.0 are briefly reviewed (§§2-3). Additional generalizations of the problem are then presented in §§4-7. They concern expansions of the problem to the following items: (1) to any number of picked doors, with p denoting the number of doors initially picked and q the number of doors picked when switching doors after doors have been opened to reveal goats (Monty Hall 3.0;see §4);(3) to the precise conditions under which one’s chances increase or decrease in instances of Monty Hall 3.0 (Monty Hall 3.2;see §6);and (4) to any number of switches of doors (s) (Monty Hall 4.0;see §7). The afore-mentioned article in APM, Vol. 1, No. 4 may serve as a useful introduction to the analysis of the higher variations of the Monty Hall problem offered in the present article. The body of the article is by Leo Depuydt. An appendix by Richard D. Gill (see §8) provides additional context by building a bridge to modern probability theory in its conventional notation and by pointing to the benefits of certain interesting and relevant tools of computation now available on the Internet. The cognitive component of the earlier investigation is extended in §9 by reflections on the foundations of mathematics. It will be proposed, in the footsteps of George Boole, that the phenomenon of mathematics needs to be defined in empirical terms as something that happens to the brain or something that the brain does. It is generally assumed that mathematics is a property of nature or reality or whatever one may call it. There is not the slightest intention in this paper to falsify this assumption because it cannot be falsified, just as it cannot be empirically or positively proven. But there is no way that this assumption can be a factual observation. It can be no more than an altogether reasonable, yet fully secondary, inference derived mainly from the fact that mathematics appears to work, even if some may deem the fact of this match to constitute proof. On the deepest empirical level, mathematics can only be directly observed and therefore directly analyzed as an activity of the brain. The study of mathematics therefore becomes an essential part of the study of cognition and human intelligence. The reflections on mathematics as a phenomenon offered in the present article will serve as a prelude to planned articles on how to redefine the foundations of probability as one type of mathematics in cognitive fashion and on how exactly Boole’s theory of probability subsumes, supersedes, and completes classical probability theory. §§2-7 combined, on the one hand, and §9, on the other hand, are both self-sufficient units and can be read independently from one another. The ultimate design of the larger project of which this paper is part remains the increase of digitalization of the analysis of rational thought and language, that is, of (rational, not emotional) human intelligence. To reach out to other disciplines, an effort is made to describe the mathematics more explicitly than is usual.

Optimal Distribution of N-Team Interacting Decision Makers with Hierarchical Command Inputs That Are Predicated on Order Statistics

The spectral analysis of simulated N-team of interacting decision makers with bounded rationality constraints of Oladejo, which assumes triangular probability density function of command inputs is hereby restructured and analysed, to have hierarchical command inputs that are predicated on order statistics distributions. The results give optimal distributions.

A Preliminary Study on the Rational Utilization of Land Resources in the Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River:A Case Study of Xueshan Township

As one of the most fragile alpine plateau and canyon areas in China,the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are the key areas of ecological construction in China.It is also a key area for poverty alleviation in the country.Therefore,it is necessary to take into account the dual goals of poverty reduction and ecological environment construction,and explore a win-win road of ecological construction and poverty alleviation in line with the reality of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,which is located in the poor mountainous area of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,based on many field investigations and existing investigation and statistical data,this paper analyzes the current situation and main problems of land use in Xueshan Township,and then puts forward measures and suggestions for rational utilization of land resources in Xueshan Township.This can provide a necessary reference for the next implementation of rural revitalization strategy and ecological construction.

Paratexts Narrative in David Lodge's The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories

The contemporary English novelist and literary critic David Lodge has published sixteen works of fiction,including the latest published short story collections The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories(2016).In this work,the first story The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up is the earliest one which was written in the winter of 1965-1966 and mainly tells about a professional man who refuses to get up in order to escape the harsh world and I chiefly discuss the paratexts of it.Gerard Genette defines paratexts as"are those liminal devices and conventions,both within and outside the book,that form part of the complex mediation between book, author, publisher, and reader:titles,forewords,epigraphs,and publishers'jacket copy are part of a book's private and public history."In this paper,I adopt Genette's theory of paratexts which provides a unique theoretical approach for fiction study and apply it to the analysis of Lodge's The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories.The work is rich in miscellaneous paratexts which are one of the characteristics of this work and aid comprehension while shortening the distance between author and reader.The paper mainly examines the peritext:the elements inserted into the interstices,such as,the cover,title,epigraph,biography of the author,reviews of the book,foreword,jacket copy,illustration,dedication,afterword and acknowledgements.Investigating the peritexts of the work indicates the unique function and the significance of the thresholds of interpretation to the fictional text.Ultimately,they become the medium of communication between the author,the text and the reader,and are exemplary of Lodge's creativity and hybrid narrative style.

Determination of Rational Staggered Distance Between Double-Longwall Faces in Mining Operation on Confined Aquifer

The influence of staggered distance on the failure of floor bed is locally and temporarily defined in double longwall mining on the confined aquifer. When the longwall mining reaches a certain scale, the deepest failure of floor bed depends on macroscopic technological parameters of mining and geological conditions. The temporary as well as the terminal failure depth does not change with the mining staggered distance (5~30 m). Based on the mining and geological conditions on the 2 635 double longwall mining panel of Yangzhuang Coal Mine, the changes of abutment pressure was observed and numerically simulated. The result shows that the rational staggered distance should be not more than 10 m.

德国MAN公司商用汽车安全技术

MAN商用汽车公司是MAN康采恩的最大企业,也是国际领先的商用汽车生产企业之一,总部设在德国慕尼黑。MAN公司作为世界上领先和最大的商用汽车开发和制造公司之一,在其开发过程中,一直十分重视汽车安全,开发出多种用于避免或减少乘员伤害的安全技术。ACC、ESP、LGS……商用汽车引入这些精心研制的电子装置。

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases

The Monty Hall problem has received its fair share of attention in mathematics. Recently, an entire monograph has been devoted to its history. There has been a multiplicity of approaches to the problem. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The design of the present paper is to add one more approach by analyzing the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem in digital terms. The structure of the problem is described as much as possible in the tradition and the spirit—and as much as possible by means of the algebraic conventions—of George Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854), the Magna Charta of the digital age, and of John Venn’s Symbolic Logic (second edition, 1894), which is squarely based on Boole’s Investigation and elucidates it in many ways. The focus is not only on the digital-mathematical structure itself but also on its relation to the presumed digital nature of cognition as expressed in rational thought and language. The digital approach is outlined in part 1. In part 2, the Monty Hall problem is analyzed digitally. To ensure the generality of the digital approach and demonstrate its reliability and productivity, the Monty Hall problem is extended and generalized in parts 3 and 4 to related cases in light of the axioms of probability theory. In the full mapping of the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem and any extensions thereof, a digital or non-quantitative skeleton is fleshed out by a quantitative component. The pertinent mathematical equations are developed and presented and illustrated by means of examples.

A Tree Formulation for Signaling Games with Noise

The paper provides an analysis of a sender-receiver sequential signaling game. The private information of the sender is transmitted with noise by a Machine, i.e. does not always correctly reflect the state of nature. Hence, a truthful revelation by the sender of his information does not necessarily imply that the signal he sends is correct. Also, the receiver can take a correct action even if the sender transmits an incorrect signal. The payoffs of the two players depend on their combined actions. Perfect Bayesian Equilibria which can result from different degrees of noise is analysed. The Bayesian updating of probabilities is explained. The fixed point theorem which makes the connection with the idea of rational expectations in economics is calculated. Given a number of equilibria, we comment on the most credible one on the basis of the implied payoffs for both players. The equilibrium signals are an example of the formation of a language convention discussed by D. Lewis.

RATIONAL莱欣诺~?首次荣获Manufacturing Excellence(卓越制造商)大奖总冠军

2016年11月,柏林Manufacturing Excellence（简称M X,卓越制造商）大奖将总冠军的头衔颁给了RATIONAL莱欣诺？。同时,RATIONAL莱欣诺？还获得物流与网络管理类别的单项奖。奖项的专业评判委员会为各公司在各类目下提供服务的品质打分,选出提供＂最优质服务＂的公司,并对其颁奖。

促进用户交流 更加贴近用户——访RATIONAL莱欣诺~公司董事会成员Markus Paschmann先生

RATIONAL莱欣诺为客户提供的全面服务非常有名,即使销售完成后服务还会继续,而董事会成员Markus Paschmann将这项精神再进一步。Markus Paschmann现已负责市场与销售部门超过一年,48岁的他非常注重与客户的距离。在过去的几个月内,他与各国的厨师会面并进一步扩展了全球销售结构。从客户关怀到培训及使用中的支持,RATIONAL莱欣诺厨师们今年将提供更多的服务。

Study on the "Coexistence between Heaven and Man" Concept and the Chinese Vernacular Architecture Concept

On the basis of the characteristics of ancient Chinese culture,the paper discusses the formation inevitability of the 'Coexistence between Heaven and Man' building concept,the connection and the differences with the ecological concept of modern Chinese Vernacular Architecture.The key point is that the contemporary design should absorb the ancient Chinese culture of the 'Coexistence between Heaven and Man' building concept and the essence of Chinese Vernacular Architecture ecological concept,forming the design features of local ecology based on the environmental protection and harmonious coexistence.

论传统“大同”与“小康”的理想社会秩序观

《札记·礼运》的“大同”与“小康”,是中国古代社会理想的经典概括。从宇宙星象的时间—空间秩序抽象而来的天道,是论证大同世界与小康社会的思想背景,所以,无论大同还是小康,都是以“道”为终极根据,追求理想的社会秩序:伦理秩序、生活秩序。因大道之彰隐不同,从而体现天道的社会形态不同,使得社会互动准则也就不同:“公”与“札”是分析大同与小康的关键词。大道流行,“公”作为一种价值理性,是整合社会秩序的基本准则;而大道隐没,来自宇宙天道的终极根据萎缩,于是,“礼”作为一种工具理性,成为规范社会秩序的另类选择。因此,大同与小康殊途同归。