Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice ...Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.展开更多
With the rapid development of modern agriculture,the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests has become an important part to ensure the safety of agricultural production,the quality of agricultural pr...With the rapid development of modern agriculture,the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests has become an important part to ensure the safety of agricultural production,the quality of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment.Although the effect of traditional chemical prevention and control technology is remarkable,the health risks and environmental problems brought by it should not be ignored.As a green and environmentally friendly means of prevention and control,biological prevention and control technology has gradually become a hot research topic and a trend of agricultural production.This paper is intended to comprehensively evaluate the social costs of biological control technologies for crop diseases and pests,including the health risks reduced,environmental improvements,economic benefits,and barriers to promotion,and put forward corresponding policy recommendations.展开更多
As social media and online activity continue to pervade all age groups, it serves as a crucial platform for sharing personal experiences and opinions as well as information about attitudes and preferences for certain ...As social media and online activity continue to pervade all age groups, it serves as a crucial platform for sharing personal experiences and opinions as well as information about attitudes and preferences for certain interests or purchases. This generates a wealth of behavioral data, which, while invaluable to businesses, researchers, policymakers, and the cybersecurity sector, presents significant challenges due to its unstructured nature. Existing tools for analyzing this data often lack the capability to effectively retrieve and process it comprehensively. This paper addresses the need for an advanced analytical tool that ethically and legally collects and analyzes social media data and online activity logs, constructing detailed and structured user profiles. It reviews current solutions, highlights their limitations, and introduces a new approach, the Advanced Social Analyzer (ASAN), that bridges these gaps. The proposed solutions technical aspects, implementation, and evaluation are discussed, with results compared to existing methodologies. The paper concludes by suggesting future research directions to further enhance the utility and effectiveness of social media data analysis.展开更多
Objective: This paper reviewed and examined the quality of all the qualitative evaluation studies indexed by two key search terms of “qualitative” and “evaluation” in the Social Work Abstracts database from 1990 t...Objective: This paper reviewed and examined the quality of all the qualitative evaluation studies indexed by two key search terms of “qualitative” and “evaluation” in the Social Work Abstracts database from 1990 to 2003 against a number of criteria typically adopted in the field of qualitative research. The review led to a dissatisfactory finding of the low quality of many qualitative evaluation studies due to their insensitivity to the following issues: philosophical basis of the study, auditability (detailed documentation of the participants and data collecting procedure), biases (acknowledgement of biases and preoccupation, and steps to deal with them), credibility or trustworthiness (triangulation, peer checking and participant verification of the findings), consistency (reliability consciousness and audit trails), and critical interpretation of the data (alternative explanations, disconfirming evidence, and limitations of the study). It was recommended that researchers be cautious when utilizing findings from the published qualitative evaluation studies; that social workers be sensitive to the issue of quality when conducting qualitative evaluation studies; that researchers be critical when judging the qualitative evaluation studies in social work; that researchers develop a clear set of guidelines for qualitative studies; that social work training institutes design qualified qualitative research courses; that a database of social work in China be established; that researchers be engaged in more qualitative studies that demonstrate high quality; that myths in qualitative research be debunked; and that adequate training for social workers on qualitative evaluation studies be provided.展开更多
Corporate sustainability reporting has become increasingly important in recent years.However,conventional approaches reach their limits when it comes to quantifying and measuring the actual sustainability performance ...Corporate sustainability reporting has become increasingly important in recent years.However,conventional approaches reach their limits when it comes to quantifying and measuring the actual sustainability performance of a company.This article presents a new approach:Sustainable Performance Accounting(SPA),which is based on an extension of bookkeeping by including ESG bookkeeping.SPA enables companies to systematically measure and manage their sustainability performance.The article provides an overview of the basics of SPA methodology and uses a comprehensive example showing how SPA can be implemented in practice.The article is aimed at interested readers from science and practice as well as decision-makers who are interested in future-oriented sustainability reporting.展开更多
Permafrost is one of the key components of terrestrial ecosystem in cold regions. In the context of climate change, few studies have investigated resilience of social ecological system(SER) from the perspective of per...Permafrost is one of the key components of terrestrial ecosystem in cold regions. In the context of climate change, few studies have investigated resilience of social ecological system(SER) from the perspective of permafrost that restricts the hydrothermal condition of alpine grassland ecosystem. In this paper, based on the structural dynamics, we developed the numerical model for the SER in the permafrost regions of the source of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and sensitivity of the SER, and estimated the effect of permafrost change on the SER. The results indicate that: 1) the SER has an increasing trend, especially after 1997, which is the joint effect of precipitation, temperature, NPP and ecological conservation projects; 2) the SER shows the spatial feature of high in southeast and low in northwest,which is consistent with the variation trends of high southeast and low northwest for the precipitation, temperature and NPP, and low southeast and high northwest for the altitude; 3) the high sensitive regions of SER to the permafrost change have gradually transited from the island distribution to zonal and planar distribution since 1980, moreover, the sensitive degree has gradually reduced; relatively, the sensitivity has high value in the north and south, and low value in the south and east; 4) the thickness of permafrost active layer shows a highly negative correlation with the SER. The contribution rate of permafrost change to the SER is-4.3%, that is, once the thickness of permafrost active layer increases 1 unit, the SER would decrease 0.04 units.展开更多
Aging and crises like pandemics and climate change are global concerns that affect community environments. These social and natural changes influence people’s health worldwide. Aging impacts human health, including p...Aging and crises like pandemics and climate change are global concerns that affect community environments. These social and natural changes influence people’s health worldwide. Aging impacts human health, including physical and mental aspects, and increases the need for care. Recent crises have affected not only the elderly but also younger populations, necessitating further efforts to develop a systematic community strategy. The goal of such a strategy is to maintain or enhance people’s well-being. As we face aging and crises like pandemics and climate change, it becomes essential to consider health holistically and globally, taking into account the community environment and social determinants without boundaries. The present study aimed to explore the necessary aspects of incorporating social determinants into clinical practice, enabling healthcare providers to view health from a holistic and planetary perspective. This approach facilitates the development of integrated community strategies. The study reviewed literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases, focusing on medicine, health, and welfare. An electronic search for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals was conducted up to July 2024, using search terms such as “holistic health,” “planetary health,” and “social determinants.” Eight articles were identified through the search. After excluding three based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts, five articles were selected. The research focused on three areas: perceiving health in ecosystems, considering health-related policy in clinical situations, and addressing health in primary care settings. This study emphasizes the need for further research on innovative, integrated community strategies in the context of a globally aging society, focusing on non-medical aspects like pandemics, climate change, and social determinants to achieve a holistic and planetary understanding of people’s health. It suggests that understanding the social aspects of ecosystems in clinical settings, through interdisciplinary collaboration, is crucial for developing systematic community strategies for people’s well-being life in medical, health, and welfare contexts.展开更多
Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifi...Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological needs.Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest sites.The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat.Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season.However,few studies have focused on how multiplebrooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts.In this study,we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics(the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea,the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia)to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt.Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests,successful first nests of conspecifics,and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied(the control group).However,the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests,successful heterospecific nests,and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes.Furthermore,the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding experience.Thus,we suggest that conspecifics'but not heterospecifics'social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese Tits during second breeding attempts.展开更多
This article explores the use of social networks by workers in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, with particular emphasis on a descriptive or quantitative analysis aimed at understanding motivations and methods of use. Mo...This article explores the use of social networks by workers in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, with particular emphasis on a descriptive or quantitative analysis aimed at understanding motivations and methods of use. More than five hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed, highlighting workers’ preferred digital channels and platforms. The results indicate that the majority use social media through their mobile phones, with WhatsApp being the most popular app, followed by Facebook and LinkedIn. The study reveals that workers use social media for entertainment purposes and to develop professional and social relationships, with 55% unable to live without social media at work for recreational activities. In addition, 35% spend on average 1 to 2 hours on social networks, mainly between 12 p.m. and 2 p.m. It also appears that 46% believe that social networks moderately improve their productivity. These findings can guide marketing strategies, training, technology development and government policies related to the use of social media in the workplace.展开更多
The physical protection system of the body consists of the protective organs for vulnerable body parts-functions and the protective countermeasures against invaders (pathogens), but to survive, the body also requires ...The physical protection system of the body consists of the protective organs for vulnerable body parts-functions and the protective countermeasures against invaders (pathogens), but to survive, the body also requires the protective social groups for vulnerable social members-functions and the protective instinctive mental countermeasures against adversities such as hardship, danger, and unfamiliarity-uncertainty. As a result, this paper proposes that the mental protection system of the body consists of the social brain to set up the protective social groups for vulnerable social members-functions and the mental immune system to produce the protective mental countermeasures against adversities. This paper proposes that from the social brain, the protective social groups include alliance group for vulnerable individuals, kinship-friendship group for vulnerable children, interdependent specialists group for vulnerable pregnant females, territorial group for social boundary, connective group for social connection, and competitive group for social competition. From the mental immune system, the mental protective countermeasures include comforter against hardship, hyperactivity against danger, phobia against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and rationality against unfamiliarity-uncertainty. The overactive mental immune system causes mental allergies and auto immune diseases as personality-mental disorders against ubiquitous harmful and harmless perceived adversities, correlating to physical allergies and auto immune diseases against ubiquitous harmful and harmless detected invaders. The mental protection system also produces personality traits, social moralities, social organizations, social systems, religions, and cultures as described in this paper. The mental protective system is the source of protective behaviors.展开更多
The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation throu...The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation through radical rethinking.Theorizing around the imaginary emerges and continues as a result of this rethinking.Cornelius Castoriadis,for example,absolutizes the concept of the imaginary,which,in his opinion,even contains the rational.Charles Taylor gives imaginary,though important,but limited role as a background knowledge.Speaking of the imaginary,one cannot,of course,ignore Benedict Andersen’s imaginary communities.According to Andersen,the“imagination”of a nation,like any other community,reflects not the fact that they are“invented”or“constructed”but that they are the result of human practice,that social reality is a socio-historical and cultural product.Nation differs from other communities in the style of representation,namely,the representation-understanding,first of all,of space and time.A specific moment in time is connected not only with the past and future,but also with the same moment in another time and space measurement.People in this case,communicate and socialize through books,newspapers,and national languages.Most importantly,the nation as an imaginary community opposes itself to other communities,distinguishes itself from them,and strives for autonomy.And the guarantee of autonomy is the sovereign state,the nation-state,therefore the nation is always connected with the state and the territory of the exercise of its monopoly right.That is,the nation is an imaginary community that is real only to the extent that it is correlated with the modern territorial state.According to the author,the transformation of the national imaginary under the conditions of globalization is characterized by the loss of attachment to the territory,by the fact that territoriality ceases to be the main,organizing principle of social life.Social practices are increasingly formed beyond borders,belonging to ethnicity,national identity is not determined by territory and citizenship.Despite this,we must not forget that globalization is not a finished project.The transformation of the national imaginary should be viewed not only as the emergence of new imaginary communities,whether national or transnational,but also against the backdrop of interaction and even struggle between traditional forms of social practices and new ones,as evidenced by the growth of ethnic conflicts and separatist movements.According to Appudurai,this is also a consequence of globalization processes.And how this confrontation will end,the question remains open.展开更多
Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of sui...Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.展开更多
This paper explores the idea of“Chinese social work 2.0”by reviewing the situation,issues,and needs of Chinese social work for further advancement in historical and comparative perspectives.The“10 years of Chinese ...This paper explores the idea of“Chinese social work 2.0”by reviewing the situation,issues,and needs of Chinese social work for further advancement in historical and comparative perspectives.The“10 years of Chinese social work(2006-2016)”vs.a 30-year history of rebuilding social work in the Chinese mainland can be explained with the transition of GPP(general public policy).This helps to understand the various pitfalls and seeming downturns in Chinese social work over the past years and to understand the major decisions of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by understanding the historical backdrop and theoretical rationale of“seeking balance”meaning that China formally parts with its“GDP first”doctrine and withdraws its“economic state”GPP from the historical stage,and“seeking sufficiency”meaning that China continues to base its public policy on economic construction rather than to follow a welfare state GPP.Chinese social work professionals should take advantage of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by highlighting the core issue of“balanced”development and play a leading role in promoting social fairness and justice.The precondition for fulfilling this role is that social work must be placed among the main disciplinary categories(“Group I subject of social science and humanities”)in China with the enhancement of research and faculty competence via well-designed(doctoral)social work education.展开更多
Social media(SM)based surveillance systems,combined with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,have shown potential for early detection of epidemic outbreaks.This review discusses the current state of SM...Social media(SM)based surveillance systems,combined with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,have shown potential for early detection of epidemic outbreaks.This review discusses the current state of SM-based surveillance methods for early epidemic outbreaks and the role of ML and DL in enhancing their performance.Since,every year,a large amount of data related to epidemic outbreaks,particularly Twitter data is generated by SM.This paper outlines the theme of SM analysis for tracking health-related issues and detecting epidemic outbreaks in SM,along with the ML and DL techniques that have been configured for the detection of epidemic outbreaks.DL has emerged as a promising ML technique that adaptsmultiple layers of representations or features of the data and yields state-of-the-art extrapolation results.In recent years,along with the success of ML and DL in many other application domains,both ML and DL are also popularly used in SM analysis.This paper aims to provide an overview of epidemic outbreaks in SM and then outlines a comprehensive analysis of ML and DL approaches and their existing applications in SM analysis.Finally,this review serves the purpose of offering suggestions,ideas,and proposals,along with highlighting the ongoing challenges in the field of early outbreak detection that still need to be addressed.展开更多
Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,t...Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,there is a lack of psychometric evaluation for instruments assessing smartphone addiction and social media addiction in Thailand.The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and gender measurement invariance of the Thai version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale(SABAS)and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS).Method:A total of 801 Thai university students participated in an online survey from January 2022 to July 2022 which included demographic information,SABAS,BSMAS,and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF).Results:Confirmatory Factor Analyses(CFAs)found that both the SABAS and BSMAS had a one-factor structure.Findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of both instruments and also supported measurement invariance across genders.Moreover,scores on the SABAS and BSMAS were correlated with scores on the IGDS9-SF.Conclusion:The results indicated that the SABAS and BSMAS are useful psychometric instruments for assessing the risk of smartphone addiction and social media addiction among Thai young adults.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on psychopathology and social media use,no comprehensive review has examined published papers on this type of research and considered how it was affected by the coronavirus dise...BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on psychopathology and social media use,no comprehensive review has examined published papers on this type of research and considered how it was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.AIM To explore the status of research on psychopathology and social media use before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.METHODS We used Bibliometrix(an R software package)to conduct a scientometric analysis of 4588 relevant studies drawn from the Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,and Scopus databases.RESULTS Such research output was scarce before COVID-19,but exploded after the pandemic with the publication of a number of high-impact articles.Key authors and institutions,located primarily in developed countries,maintained their core positions,largely uninfluenced by COVID-19;however,research production and collaboration in developing countries increased significantly after COVID-19.Through the analysis of keywords,we identified commonly used methods in this field,together with specific populations,psychopathological conditions,and clinical treatments.Researchers have devoted increasing attention to gender differences in psychopathological states and linked COVID-19 strongly to depression,with depression detection becoming a new trend.Developments in research on psychopathology and social media use are unbalanced and uncoordinated across countries/regions,and more indepth clinical studies should be conducted in the future.CONCLUSION After COVID-19,there was an increased level of concern about mental health issues and a changing emphasis on social media use and the impact of public health emergencies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis(MHD)that significantly affect their quality of life(QOL).High levels of social support can signif...BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis(MHD)that significantly affect their quality of life(QOL).High levels of social support can significantly improve the physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing MHD.Currently,there is limited research on how social support mediates the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and overall QOL in patients undergoing MHD.It is imperative to investigate this mediating effect to mitigate dysphoria and despondency in patients undergoing MHD,ultimately enhancing their overall QOL.AIM To investigate the mediating role of social support in relationships between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL among patients undergoing MHD.METHODS Participants comprised 289 patients undergoing MHD,who were selected using a random sampling approach.The Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,and QOL Scale were administered.Correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between social support,dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.To assess the mediating impact of social support on dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD,a bootstrap method was applied.RESULTS Significant correlations among social support,dysphoria,despondency,and quality in patients undergoing MHD were observed(all P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency negatively correlated with social support and QOL(P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency had negative predictive impacts on the QOL of patients undergoing MHD(P<0.05).The direct effect of dysphoria on QOL was statistically significant(P<0.05).Social support mediated the relationship between dysphoria and QOL,and this mediating effect was significant(P<0.05).Similarly,the direct effect of despondency on QOL was significant(P<0.05).Moreover,social support played a mediating role between despondency and QOL,with a significant mediating effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These findings suggest that social support plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.展开更多
Due to the presence of a large amount of personal sensitive information in social networks,privacy preservation issues in social networks have attracted the attention of many scholars.Inspired by the self-nonself disc...Due to the presence of a large amount of personal sensitive information in social networks,privacy preservation issues in social networks have attracted the attention of many scholars.Inspired by the self-nonself discrimination paradigmin the biological immune system,the negative representation of information indicates features such as simplicity and efficiency,which is very suitable for preserving social network privacy.Therefore,we suggest a method to preserve the topology privacy and node attribute privacy of attribute social networks,called AttNetNRI.Specifically,a negative survey-based method is developed to disturb the relationship between nodes in the social network so that the topology structure can be kept private.Moreover,a negative database-based method is proposed to hide node attributes,so that the privacy of node attributes can be preserved while supporting the similarity estimation between different node attributes,which is crucial to the analysis of social networks.To evaluate the performance of the AttNetNRI,empirical studies have been conducted on various attribute social networks and compared with several state-of-the-art methods tailored to preserve the privacy of social networks.The experimental results show the superiority of the developed method in preserving the privacy of attribute social networks and demonstrate the effectiveness of the topology disturbing and attribute hiding parts.The experimental results show the superiority of the developed methods in preserving the privacy of attribute social networks and demonstrate the effectiveness of the topological interference and attribute-hiding components.展开更多
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071272(to YZ).
文摘Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.
文摘With the rapid development of modern agriculture,the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests has become an important part to ensure the safety of agricultural production,the quality of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment.Although the effect of traditional chemical prevention and control technology is remarkable,the health risks and environmental problems brought by it should not be ignored.As a green and environmentally friendly means of prevention and control,biological prevention and control technology has gradually become a hot research topic and a trend of agricultural production.This paper is intended to comprehensively evaluate the social costs of biological control technologies for crop diseases and pests,including the health risks reduced,environmental improvements,economic benefits,and barriers to promotion,and put forward corresponding policy recommendations.
文摘As social media and online activity continue to pervade all age groups, it serves as a crucial platform for sharing personal experiences and opinions as well as information about attitudes and preferences for certain interests or purchases. This generates a wealth of behavioral data, which, while invaluable to businesses, researchers, policymakers, and the cybersecurity sector, presents significant challenges due to its unstructured nature. Existing tools for analyzing this data often lack the capability to effectively retrieve and process it comprehensively. This paper addresses the need for an advanced analytical tool that ethically and legally collects and analyzes social media data and online activity logs, constructing detailed and structured user profiles. It reviews current solutions, highlights their limitations, and introduces a new approach, the Advanced Social Analyzer (ASAN), that bridges these gaps. The proposed solutions technical aspects, implementation, and evaluation are discussed, with results compared to existing methodologies. The paper concludes by suggesting future research directions to further enhance the utility and effectiveness of social media data analysis.
文摘Objective: This paper reviewed and examined the quality of all the qualitative evaluation studies indexed by two key search terms of “qualitative” and “evaluation” in the Social Work Abstracts database from 1990 to 2003 against a number of criteria typically adopted in the field of qualitative research. The review led to a dissatisfactory finding of the low quality of many qualitative evaluation studies due to their insensitivity to the following issues: philosophical basis of the study, auditability (detailed documentation of the participants and data collecting procedure), biases (acknowledgement of biases and preoccupation, and steps to deal with them), credibility or trustworthiness (triangulation, peer checking and participant verification of the findings), consistency (reliability consciousness and audit trails), and critical interpretation of the data (alternative explanations, disconfirming evidence, and limitations of the study). It was recommended that researchers be cautious when utilizing findings from the published qualitative evaluation studies; that social workers be sensitive to the issue of quality when conducting qualitative evaluation studies; that researchers be critical when judging the qualitative evaluation studies in social work; that researchers develop a clear set of guidelines for qualitative studies; that social work training institutes design qualified qualitative research courses; that a database of social work in China be established; that researchers be engaged in more qualitative studies that demonstrate high quality; that myths in qualitative research be debunked; and that adequate training for social workers on qualitative evaluation studies be provided.
文摘Corporate sustainability reporting has become increasingly important in recent years.However,conventional approaches reach their limits when it comes to quantifying and measuring the actual sustainability performance of a company.This article presents a new approach:Sustainable Performance Accounting(SPA),which is based on an extension of bookkeeping by including ESG bookkeeping.SPA enables companies to systematically measure and manage their sustainability performance.The article provides an overview of the basics of SPA methodology and uses a comprehensive example showing how SPA can be implemented in practice.The article is aimed at interested readers from science and practice as well as decision-makers who are interested in future-oriented sustainability reporting.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41571523, and Grant No. 41661144038)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2013CBA01808)the National Key Technology R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2014BAC05B01)
文摘Permafrost is one of the key components of terrestrial ecosystem in cold regions. In the context of climate change, few studies have investigated resilience of social ecological system(SER) from the perspective of permafrost that restricts the hydrothermal condition of alpine grassland ecosystem. In this paper, based on the structural dynamics, we developed the numerical model for the SER in the permafrost regions of the source of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and sensitivity of the SER, and estimated the effect of permafrost change on the SER. The results indicate that: 1) the SER has an increasing trend, especially after 1997, which is the joint effect of precipitation, temperature, NPP and ecological conservation projects; 2) the SER shows the spatial feature of high in southeast and low in northwest,which is consistent with the variation trends of high southeast and low northwest for the precipitation, temperature and NPP, and low southeast and high northwest for the altitude; 3) the high sensitive regions of SER to the permafrost change have gradually transited from the island distribution to zonal and planar distribution since 1980, moreover, the sensitive degree has gradually reduced; relatively, the sensitivity has high value in the north and south, and low value in the south and east; 4) the thickness of permafrost active layer shows a highly negative correlation with the SER. The contribution rate of permafrost change to the SER is-4.3%, that is, once the thickness of permafrost active layer increases 1 unit, the SER would decrease 0.04 units.
文摘Aging and crises like pandemics and climate change are global concerns that affect community environments. These social and natural changes influence people’s health worldwide. Aging impacts human health, including physical and mental aspects, and increases the need for care. Recent crises have affected not only the elderly but also younger populations, necessitating further efforts to develop a systematic community strategy. The goal of such a strategy is to maintain or enhance people’s well-being. As we face aging and crises like pandemics and climate change, it becomes essential to consider health holistically and globally, taking into account the community environment and social determinants without boundaries. The present study aimed to explore the necessary aspects of incorporating social determinants into clinical practice, enabling healthcare providers to view health from a holistic and planetary perspective. This approach facilitates the development of integrated community strategies. The study reviewed literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases, focusing on medicine, health, and welfare. An electronic search for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals was conducted up to July 2024, using search terms such as “holistic health,” “planetary health,” and “social determinants.” Eight articles were identified through the search. After excluding three based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts, five articles were selected. The research focused on three areas: perceiving health in ecosystems, considering health-related policy in clinical situations, and addressing health in primary care settings. This study emphasizes the need for further research on innovative, integrated community strategies in the context of a globally aging society, focusing on non-medical aspects like pandemics, climate change, and social determinants to achieve a holistic and planetary understanding of people’s health. It suggests that understanding the social aspects of ecosystems in clinical settings, through interdisciplinary collaboration, is crucial for developing systematic community strategies for people’s well-being life in medical, health, and welfare contexts.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971402 to H.Wang,32001094 to J.Yu,31870368 to K.Zhang)the High-level Startup Talents Introduced Scientific Research Fund Project of Baotou Teacher's College,China(No.BTTCRCQD2024-C34)。
文摘Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological needs.Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest sites.The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat.Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season.However,few studies have focused on how multiplebrooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts.In this study,we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics(the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea,the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia)to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt.Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests,successful first nests of conspecifics,and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied(the control group).However,the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests,successful heterospecific nests,and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes.Furthermore,the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding experience.Thus,we suggest that conspecifics'but not heterospecifics'social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese Tits during second breeding attempts.
文摘This article explores the use of social networks by workers in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, with particular emphasis on a descriptive or quantitative analysis aimed at understanding motivations and methods of use. More than five hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed, highlighting workers’ preferred digital channels and platforms. The results indicate that the majority use social media through their mobile phones, with WhatsApp being the most popular app, followed by Facebook and LinkedIn. The study reveals that workers use social media for entertainment purposes and to develop professional and social relationships, with 55% unable to live without social media at work for recreational activities. In addition, 35% spend on average 1 to 2 hours on social networks, mainly between 12 p.m. and 2 p.m. It also appears that 46% believe that social networks moderately improve their productivity. These findings can guide marketing strategies, training, technology development and government policies related to the use of social media in the workplace.
文摘The physical protection system of the body consists of the protective organs for vulnerable body parts-functions and the protective countermeasures against invaders (pathogens), but to survive, the body also requires the protective social groups for vulnerable social members-functions and the protective instinctive mental countermeasures against adversities such as hardship, danger, and unfamiliarity-uncertainty. As a result, this paper proposes that the mental protection system of the body consists of the social brain to set up the protective social groups for vulnerable social members-functions and the mental immune system to produce the protective mental countermeasures against adversities. This paper proposes that from the social brain, the protective social groups include alliance group for vulnerable individuals, kinship-friendship group for vulnerable children, interdependent specialists group for vulnerable pregnant females, territorial group for social boundary, connective group for social connection, and competitive group for social competition. From the mental immune system, the mental protective countermeasures include comforter against hardship, hyperactivity against danger, phobia against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and rationality against unfamiliarity-uncertainty. The overactive mental immune system causes mental allergies and auto immune diseases as personality-mental disorders against ubiquitous harmful and harmless perceived adversities, correlating to physical allergies and auto immune diseases against ubiquitous harmful and harmless detected invaders. The mental protection system also produces personality traits, social moralities, social organizations, social systems, religions, and cultures as described in this paper. The mental protective system is the source of protective behaviors.
文摘The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation through radical rethinking.Theorizing around the imaginary emerges and continues as a result of this rethinking.Cornelius Castoriadis,for example,absolutizes the concept of the imaginary,which,in his opinion,even contains the rational.Charles Taylor gives imaginary,though important,but limited role as a background knowledge.Speaking of the imaginary,one cannot,of course,ignore Benedict Andersen’s imaginary communities.According to Andersen,the“imagination”of a nation,like any other community,reflects not the fact that they are“invented”or“constructed”but that they are the result of human practice,that social reality is a socio-historical and cultural product.Nation differs from other communities in the style of representation,namely,the representation-understanding,first of all,of space and time.A specific moment in time is connected not only with the past and future,but also with the same moment in another time and space measurement.People in this case,communicate and socialize through books,newspapers,and national languages.Most importantly,the nation as an imaginary community opposes itself to other communities,distinguishes itself from them,and strives for autonomy.And the guarantee of autonomy is the sovereign state,the nation-state,therefore the nation is always connected with the state and the territory of the exercise of its monopoly right.That is,the nation is an imaginary community that is real only to the extent that it is correlated with the modern territorial state.According to the author,the transformation of the national imaginary under the conditions of globalization is characterized by the loss of attachment to the territory,by the fact that territoriality ceases to be the main,organizing principle of social life.Social practices are increasingly formed beyond borders,belonging to ethnicity,national identity is not determined by territory and citizenship.Despite this,we must not forget that globalization is not a finished project.The transformation of the national imaginary should be viewed not only as the emergence of new imaginary communities,whether national or transnational,but also against the backdrop of interaction and even struggle between traditional forms of social practices and new ones,as evidenced by the growth of ethnic conflicts and separatist movements.According to Appudurai,this is also a consequence of globalization processes.And how this confrontation will end,the question remains open.
文摘Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.
文摘This paper explores the idea of“Chinese social work 2.0”by reviewing the situation,issues,and needs of Chinese social work for further advancement in historical and comparative perspectives.The“10 years of Chinese social work(2006-2016)”vs.a 30-year history of rebuilding social work in the Chinese mainland can be explained with the transition of GPP(general public policy).This helps to understand the various pitfalls and seeming downturns in Chinese social work over the past years and to understand the major decisions of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by understanding the historical backdrop and theoretical rationale of“seeking balance”meaning that China formally parts with its“GDP first”doctrine and withdraws its“economic state”GPP from the historical stage,and“seeking sufficiency”meaning that China continues to base its public policy on economic construction rather than to follow a welfare state GPP.Chinese social work professionals should take advantage of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by highlighting the core issue of“balanced”development and play a leading role in promoting social fairness and justice.The precondition for fulfilling this role is that social work must be placed among the main disciplinary categories(“Group I subject of social science and humanities”)in China with the enhancement of research and faculty competence via well-designed(doctoral)social work education.
基金authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work,under the Research Groups Funding Program Grant Code(NU/RG/SERC/12/27).
文摘Social media(SM)based surveillance systems,combined with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,have shown potential for early detection of epidemic outbreaks.This review discusses the current state of SM-based surveillance methods for early epidemic outbreaks and the role of ML and DL in enhancing their performance.Since,every year,a large amount of data related to epidemic outbreaks,particularly Twitter data is generated by SM.This paper outlines the theme of SM analysis for tracking health-related issues and detecting epidemic outbreaks in SM,along with the ML and DL techniques that have been configured for the detection of epidemic outbreaks.DL has emerged as a promising ML technique that adaptsmultiple layers of representations or features of the data and yields state-of-the-art extrapolation results.In recent years,along with the success of ML and DL in many other application domains,both ML and DL are also popularly used in SM analysis.This paper aims to provide an overview of epidemic outbreaks in SM and then outlines a comprehensive analysis of ML and DL approaches and their existing applications in SM analysis.Finally,this review serves the purpose of offering suggestions,ideas,and proposals,along with highlighting the ongoing challenges in the field of early outbreak detection that still need to be addressed.
基金This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST 110-2410-H-006-115)the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU)the 2021 Southeast and South Asia and Taiwan Universities Joint Research Scheme(NCKU 31),and the E-Da Hospital(EDAHC111004).
文摘Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,there is a lack of psychometric evaluation for instruments assessing smartphone addiction and social media addiction in Thailand.The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and gender measurement invariance of the Thai version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale(SABAS)and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS).Method:A total of 801 Thai university students participated in an online survey from January 2022 to July 2022 which included demographic information,SABAS,BSMAS,and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF).Results:Confirmatory Factor Analyses(CFAs)found that both the SABAS and BSMAS had a one-factor structure.Findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of both instruments and also supported measurement invariance across genders.Moreover,scores on the SABAS and BSMAS were correlated with scores on the IGDS9-SF.Conclusion:The results indicated that the SABAS and BSMAS are useful psychometric instruments for assessing the risk of smartphone addiction and social media addiction among Thai young adults.
基金Supported by Guangxi Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project,No.2022JGA146Guangxi Educational Science Planning Key Project,No.2022ZJY2791+1 种基金Guangxi Medical University Key Textbook Construction Project,No.Gxmuzdjc2223Guangxi Medical High-Level Key Talents Training“139”Program.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on psychopathology and social media use,no comprehensive review has examined published papers on this type of research and considered how it was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.AIM To explore the status of research on psychopathology and social media use before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.METHODS We used Bibliometrix(an R software package)to conduct a scientometric analysis of 4588 relevant studies drawn from the Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,and Scopus databases.RESULTS Such research output was scarce before COVID-19,but exploded after the pandemic with the publication of a number of high-impact articles.Key authors and institutions,located primarily in developed countries,maintained their core positions,largely uninfluenced by COVID-19;however,research production and collaboration in developing countries increased significantly after COVID-19.Through the analysis of keywords,we identified commonly used methods in this field,together with specific populations,psychopathological conditions,and clinical treatments.Researchers have devoted increasing attention to gender differences in psychopathological states and linked COVID-19 strongly to depression,with depression detection becoming a new trend.Developments in research on psychopathology and social media use are unbalanced and uncoordinated across countries/regions,and more indepth clinical studies should be conducted in the future.CONCLUSION After COVID-19,there was an increased level of concern about mental health issues and a changing emphasis on social media use and the impact of public health emergencies.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,No.2021D01C143.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis(MHD)that significantly affect their quality of life(QOL).High levels of social support can significantly improve the physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing MHD.Currently,there is limited research on how social support mediates the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and overall QOL in patients undergoing MHD.It is imperative to investigate this mediating effect to mitigate dysphoria and despondency in patients undergoing MHD,ultimately enhancing their overall QOL.AIM To investigate the mediating role of social support in relationships between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL among patients undergoing MHD.METHODS Participants comprised 289 patients undergoing MHD,who were selected using a random sampling approach.The Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,and QOL Scale were administered.Correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between social support,dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.To assess the mediating impact of social support on dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD,a bootstrap method was applied.RESULTS Significant correlations among social support,dysphoria,despondency,and quality in patients undergoing MHD were observed(all P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency negatively correlated with social support and QOL(P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency had negative predictive impacts on the QOL of patients undergoing MHD(P<0.05).The direct effect of dysphoria on QOL was statistically significant(P<0.05).Social support mediated the relationship between dysphoria and QOL,and this mediating effect was significant(P<0.05).Similarly,the direct effect of despondency on QOL was significant(P<0.05).Moreover,social support played a mediating role between despondency and QOL,with a significant mediating effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These findings suggest that social support plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62006001,62372001)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City(Grant No.CSTC2021JCYJ-MSXMX0002).
文摘Due to the presence of a large amount of personal sensitive information in social networks,privacy preservation issues in social networks have attracted the attention of many scholars.Inspired by the self-nonself discrimination paradigmin the biological immune system,the negative representation of information indicates features such as simplicity and efficiency,which is very suitable for preserving social network privacy.Therefore,we suggest a method to preserve the topology privacy and node attribute privacy of attribute social networks,called AttNetNRI.Specifically,a negative survey-based method is developed to disturb the relationship between nodes in the social network so that the topology structure can be kept private.Moreover,a negative database-based method is proposed to hide node attributes,so that the privacy of node attributes can be preserved while supporting the similarity estimation between different node attributes,which is crucial to the analysis of social networks.To evaluate the performance of the AttNetNRI,empirical studies have been conducted on various attribute social networks and compared with several state-of-the-art methods tailored to preserve the privacy of social networks.The experimental results show the superiority of the developed method in preserving the privacy of attribute social networks and demonstrate the effectiveness of the topology disturbing and attribute hiding parts.The experimental results show the superiority of the developed methods in preserving the privacy of attribute social networks and demonstrate the effectiveness of the topological interference and attribute-hiding components.