FUZZY SYNTHETICAL EVALUATION ON THE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS’ CONSCIOUSNESS ON THE IPE BASIS

Government policy is the key to the development of the individual and private economy (IPE).In the making of a policy, the social consciousness of government officials is one of the important factors to affect the policy made. Since the social consciousness on the development of IPE varies from person to person, it is conventionally indefinite and fuzzy. This paper applies fuzzy sets to analyse the government officials’ social consciousness on the IPE basis.

三方模型下政府采购寻租监管的演化博弈分析

政府采购中的采购方、供应商会发生寻租行为,监管部门需要对其稽查,但有限理性条件下,三方行为策略的选择是动态演化的。在三方静态博弈收益矩阵基础上,运用演化博弈理论对采购方和监管部门二者的行为策略选择进行研究,构建其动态演化博弈模型,利用复制动态机制对模型进行求解,利用雅克比矩阵进行稳定性分析可知,影响二者行为策略选择的参数有三个:监管部门成功稽查寻租行为的概率P,稽查成本C,以及对寻租采购方及供应商的惩罚力度K,L。这些参数的大小直接决定采购方和监管部门的最终行为策略。

Impact of risk management strategies on the credit risk faced by commercial banks of Balochistan

This study aims to identify risk management strategies undertaken by the commercial banks of Balochistan,Pakistan,to mitigate or eliminate credit risk.The findings of the study are significant as commercial banks will understand the effectiveness of various risk management strategies and may apply them for minimizing credit risk.This explanatory study analyses the opinions of the employees of selected commercial banks about which strategies are useful for mitigating credit risk.Quantitative data was collected from 250 employees of commercial banks to perform multiple regression analyses,which were used for the analysis.The results identified four areas of impact on credit risk management(CRM):corporate governance exerts the greatest impact,followed by diversification,which plays a significant role,hedging and,finally,the bank’s Capital Adequacy Ratio.This study highlights these four risk management strategies,which are critical for commercial banks to resolve their credit risk.

Game analysis of building energy saving behaviors between government and developers

Information asymmetry phenomenon and the differences between the main body's earning targets,which are existing in the building energy saving field,have made the game behaviors of its economic activities become inevitable.There are strategies choice between government departments and the developers,when the building energy saving work is carried out under the government control.Based on the players based assumptions,the path of player's behavior strategy choices is analyzed,expected revenue models are established and mixed Nash equilibrium is obtained in this paper.Based on the analysis results,the incentive strategy enlightenment could be concluded that it is particularly important to design the scientific incentive system for developers to develop energy-saving buildings reasonably and for the government to implement effective control;the role of informal system in encouraging developers to develop energy-saving buildings should not be ignored.

Research on the Strategy of Information Resource Sharing between Governments in the Perspective of Game Theory

In order to improve the operational efficiency, the government can realize the streamlining policy through the mode of government information resource sharing. By building government information resources sharing, the government breaks the inter-departmental data island. The government realizes the development direction and trend of “Internet government”. This paper also takes the information resource sharing as the game process between the government management department and the information resource sharing body, and analyzes the policy and suggestion of the information resource sharing in the perspective of game theory by constructing the sharing model of the government information resource in the perspective of game theory.

On the‘ENGO+focal firm’governance strategies of pollution of small and medium suppliers

Presently,the environmental pollution problem,especially that of the small and medium-sized enterprises,has become a bottleneck restricting the high-quality development of China’s economy.It is imperative to accelerate the construction of a collaborative governance system with multiple subject participation.The behavior modes of Environmental Non-governmental Organizations(ENGOs),a key player in environmental care,in collaborating with core enterprises to control pollution from small and medium-sized suppliers should be explored.Therefore,we constructed a collaborative governance system consisting of ENGOs,focal firms and small and medium-sized suppliers.Then a two-stage game model was established to analyze the strategies of the governance system.Specifically,we studied the collaborative green cooperation strategy and antagonistic pressure supervision strategy between ENGOs and focal firms,analyzed factors influencing the strategic choices of each subject,and gave the advantages of the cooperation strategies through further comparisons.The results showed that:Under the cooperation strategy,ENGOs provided knowledge of environmental protection to the focal firms,then both the audit efforts of focal firms and the environmental protection efforts of small and medium-sized suppliers were effectively improved.Since ENGOs could not fully obtain the pollution information of small and medium-sized suppliers or accurately trace it from their downstream focal firms,it was difficult to drive the supply chain’s endogenous governance by this external monitoring of ENGOs,making the effect of pressure supervision strategy limited.The effectiveness of green cooperation strategy was positively correlated with the knowledge absorption capacity of focal firms,the unit product revenue,and the focal firms'violation penalties for small and medium-sized suppliers.When ENGOs'violation penalties for small and medium-sized suppliers were higher,or the reputation loss of focal firms was higher,more unfavorable conditions of green cooperation strategy could be achieved.Accordingly,ENGOs should choose to cooperate with focal firms with strong knowledge absorption ability and high profit per product;focal firms should learn environmental protection knowledge to improve the screening standards and review capabilities,and promote the achievement of green cooperation strategy conditions by strengthening active information disclosure;the government should promote the collaboration between ENGOs and focal firms by issuing environmental guidelines.

Exploring the dynamic evolutionary mechanism of game model on the protection of traditional villages

With the rapid improvement of urbanization and industrialization in countries around the world,how to effectively solve the rapid demise of traditional villages is a social dilemma faced by all countries,which is why a series of relevant protection regulations have been promulgated in different historical periods.However,the formulation of relevant policies is still not scientific,universal,and long-term.In this study,we constructed an evolutionary game model of local governments and residents based on the evolutionary game theory(EGT),which is used to explore the evolutionary stability strategy(ESS)and stability conditions of stakeholders under the premise of mutual influence and restriction.Besides,the study also included the analysis about the impacts of different influence factors on the evolution tendency of the game model.At the same time,numerical simulation examples were used to verify the theoretical results and three crucial conclusions have been drawn.Firstly,the strategic evolution of stakeholders is a dynamic process of continuous adjustment and optimization,and its results and speed show consistent interdependence.Secondly,the decision-making of stakeholders mainly depends on the basic cost,and the high cost of investment is not conducive to the protection of traditional villages.Thirdly,the dynamic evolutionary mechanism composed of different influence factors will have an impact on the direction and speed of decision-making of stakeholders,which provides the basis for them to effectively restrict the decision-making of each other.This study eliminates the weaknesses of existing research approaches and provides scientific and novel ideas for the protection of traditional villages,which can contribute to the formulation and improvement of the relevant laws and regulations.

An Analysis of the English Translation of Xi JinPing:The Governance Of China——From The Perspective of Toury's Translation Norms

Xi Jinping:The Governance of China is of great significance in asserting to the world the fundamental policies and statecraft of CPC.Its English translation is analyzed on the basis of Toury's translation norm theory,which guide and regulate all the processes in the translation activities.Based on preliminary norms,initial norms and initial norms,factors influencing the choice of source text,the attitude of translators as well as the specific translation strategies in the translation activity are explored with detailed cases.

Geopolitics of global climate change and energy security

Currently,the problem of climate change is already far beyond the category of scientific research,and it affects the economic operation mode,interests pattern,and geographical relationships and becomes the focus of global governance.During the transition period of the international economic and social development and the critical transformation period of the world geopolitical pattern reorganization,China's industrialization is still at the intermediate stage,and tackling with climate change is also China's internal demand under this development stage.With more influence of climate change on national competitiveness,climate change and geopolitics present complex multiple relations,and climate change in the era of geopolitical landscape gradually affected the national strategy and diplomacy.This article offered some relevant suggestions based on evaluating the new geopolitical characteristics of climate change:(1)weighing of interests and properly handling the complex relations among major powers during international climate negotiations;(2)strengthening risk judgments and actively cooperating with the United States and the European Union on energy and climate change;(3)relying on the"One Belt(Silk Road Economic Belt)and One Road(twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road)"to ensure China's energy security and actively participating in the global energy governance;(4)strengthening the"south-south cooperation"mechanism innovation and increasing the investment.

Comparison of Global Governance Strategies of China and the United States

With the profound changes taking place in the international power structure and the accelerated changes occurring in the world that have not been seen in a century,the discord between China and the United States(US)in the realm of global governance is becoming increasingly prominent.Moreover,the raging COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the divergences between the two countries in terms of global governance strategy.Since the end of World War II,although the diplomatic strategies of the US and their implementation have varied from administration to administration,such strategies have generally been defined by the US desire for hegemony in global governance.China’s engagement in global governance,by contrast,has undergone twists and turns,and its strategies and policies have kept pace with the times,which has gradually led to a global governance strategy that highlights extensive consultation,joint contribution,and shared benefits.The divergences between China and the US in terms of global governance strategy are embodied in governance values,areas,and approaches,relations among governance entities,and balance between national and global governance,which have resulted mainly from the two countries’different cultural backgrounds,historical traditions,realistic goals,and national strength.In the context of intensifying competition among major countries today,these strategic divergences between China and the US have exerted a profound impact on global governance cooperation and the reform of the global governance system,and exacerbated the fragmentation of global governance and the competition over leadership.Therefore,a comparison of the global governance strategies pursued by China and the US will help enhance mutual understanding,avoid confrontation and conflict,properly manage disagreements,and promote a healthy and stable development of bilateral relations between China and the US.

Study on Rural Ecological Environment Governance in China from the Perspective of Social Capital

At present,the ecological environment in the countryside of China is deteriorating with industrial pollution spreading to the countryside,agricultural pollution on the increase and environment in the residential areas deteriorating. The traditional approach to the ecological problem,which heavily relies on the government or the market,fails to fundamentally address the problem. Instead,as the social capital in the countryside,the relationship network,norms and trust can effectively resolve rural ecological environmental crisis by highlighting the method of"social governance"in ecological environment in the countryside. It is thus suggested that in the governance of rural ecological environment,which is based on the social capital,the management space between the government and the community should be appropriately divided,so that the institutional capital can promote and regulate the social capital,enhance the construction of rural cooperative organizations and increase the input of rural human capital,and promote the coupling between administrative boundary and ecological boundary.

基于内容分析法的城市政务微信公众号信息传播主题研究

按照我国城市政务微信公众号影响力的排名,选取7个地级以上城市的微信公众号作为分析样本,以2016年5月1日-7月31日为研究时间起止点,采用内容分析法对该时段内的信息传播主题进行分析。编码分析结果表明,我国政务微信公众号传播的主题共包含为26个二级主题词,进一步可归纳为公共服务、新闻报道、政策法规。

政府营销与营销政府

当前,我国正在进行政府转型,努力建设服务型政府。要建立真正的服务型政府,政府需要借鉴企业营销的运作方式,将政府服务、政策、形象等通过营销方式推广到公众中去。政府营销着重要解决五大方面的问题。政府营销要从理念转变、组织结构重建、营销战略制定等方面入手,系统化推进政府营销,从而成为真正的营销政府。

国家审计对低碳转型发展的影响研究——来自领导干部自然资源资产离任审计试点的证据

低碳转型发展是实现“双碳”目标的必由之路。为探索国家审计推动低碳转型的作用路径,采用283个地级市面板数据为样本,构建多时点双重差分模型,检验领导干部自然资源资产离任审计试点对低碳转型发展的影响。研究发现:审计试点可通过推动产业结构升级、降低煤炭能源消费占比、促进绿色技术进步、保护林草资源等途径助力低碳转型。进一步分析发现,审计试点对低碳转型发展的影响存在空间外溢效应,且在政府审计独立性较高的地区、审计机关负责人具有监督背景的地区、低碳政策实施地区以及对自然资源依赖程度较高的地区,审计试点推动低碳转型的作用更加显著。研究结论有助于“双碳”目标下领导干部自然资源资产离任审计评价标准的构建,也为国家审计推动中国经济低碳转型发展提供必要的经验支持与政策注脚。

论清代两淮盐运使对文化的贡献

总结有清一代对文化做出突出贡献的两淮盐运使,如卢见曾、曾燠、朱孝纯等,并从提倡风雅、参与学术文化的创造,倡导办学、资助文教事业,经营管理文汇、文宗两阁三个方面具体分析其特殊贡献,指出他们利用自身的地位、财力和影响,大办文人集会,招揽学者做幕宾,直接参与编纂、刊刻书籍,倡导办学、建立书院、关注教育事业,负责文汇、文宗两阁的日常运作、经费开支以及管理人员的选派等具体事务。

企业数字化转型与并购商誉泡沫

数字化转型对企业并购的流程和策略产生了深远影响,但能否提升并购质量尚未可知。为此,以2008—2022年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,从并购商誉泡沫角度入手,分析数字化转型对并购商誉泡沫的影响机理,研究发现企业数字化转型显著促进了并购商誉泡沫,经过一系列稳健性检验后结论依然成立。同时,作用机制检验结果表明,数字化转型会诱发高管过度自信,驱动企业实施溢价并购和激进并购战略,进而促进并购商誉泡沫。进一步分析发现:在民营性质、处于成长期和经过低质量审计这三种情形下,数字化转型对并购商誉泡沫的促进影响更为显著;数字化转型对并购商誉泡沫的推动效应在短期掩盖了抑制效应。研究结论对推动企业“智改数转”、完善数字经济治理体系、促进资本市场健康发展具有重要启示意义。

政府合同概念的体系化重构

现有政府合同管理规范对政府合同的内涵和外延进行了界定,但学理意义上的概念构造尚未完成,“政府合同=行政协议+缔结主体一方为行政机关的民事合同”之结论存在缺陷。通过把合同还原为通用于各部门法的中性工具,将政府合同的研究视角从救济前移至行政过程,政府合同的识别标准被调整为“行政机关与任何主体订立的合同均为政府合同”。以行政任务为出发点,可将政府合同区分为公务型政府合同和管理型政府合同,公务型政府合同可被进一步区分为内部公务型政府合同与外部公务型政府合同。以救济途径为落脚点,可以将政府合同区分为行政协定与非行政协定,非行政协定可被进一步区分为行政协议、民事合同、磋商性文件和劳动人事协议,其中,民事合同和行政协议属于狭义政府合同。将两条基于不同场景的体系化路径进行对接与融合,有助于形成对政府合同概念相对立体的认知,动态还原政府合同概念的全貌。

土壤中微塑料:类型、载体效应、迁移行为和潜在风险综述

微塑料(microplastics,MPs)作为一种新兴污染物,广泛存在于土壤中,并不断迁移转化,对土壤生态系统和生物多样性产生潜在风险。为了全面评估土壤MPs的环境风险,加强MPs污染的风险管控,讨论了土壤环境中MPs的类型,系统阐述了土壤MPs的载体效应和迁移行为,并从微生物、植物、动物以及人类四个方面综述了土壤MPs的潜在风险。土壤中MPs并不是单独存在的,MPs的潜在风险一方面来自其本身(颗粒和添加剂)的生物毒性,另一方面是其对共存污染物(有机污染物、重金属和致病菌等)的载体效应。在非生物(淋溶、重力)和生物等作用下,土壤中的MPs时刻都在经历着复杂的迁移过程,从而加剧了其对土壤生态系统的影响。由于粒径小,MPs很容易进入食物链并层层传递,从而对不同营养级生物的正常生理活动产生不利影响,包括影响土壤动植物的新陈代谢,生长,发育和繁殖。此外,MPs不仅在环境中存在,而且也在人体中被发现。MPs可通过饮食、呼吸或皮肤接触等途径进入人体,从而对人体可能产生一系列不良反应。虽然目前仍没有足够的证据证明MPs对人体的直接危害,但其潜在风险仍不容忽视。探讨了土壤MPs污染治理的策略,并对未来土壤微塑料污染的研究方向和重点进行了展望。研究将有助于加深人们对土壤微塑料污染的认识,并为更好地开展微塑料的毒理效应研究和风险评估提供科学线索和理论参考。

Human Rights Training for Central Government Officials

More than 50 officials from central government departments attended a human rights training class held in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province, on May 29-June 2. The class was sponsored by the State Council Information Office, during which the trainees attended lectures given on China＇s human rights concepts and the current human rights conditions in the country, human rights theories and international human rights instruments and protection of human rights under the rule of law.