Stormwater Management Practices and Green-Blue Infrastructure in Urban Areas: an Overview

Water quality,flooding risk,and water consumption in urban areas are emerging issues.Urban impervious surfaces increase stormwater runoff,affecting ecosystems and leading to hydrogeological instability and flooding risk.Sustainable urban design strategies can contribute to counteract the negative impact of anthropic activities both at city-scale and global scale.Green and Blue Infrastructure(GBI)approaches,in particular,are an alternative to stormwater traditional management.In Europe,Sustainable Drainage System implementation copes with impervious surfaces to achieve water quality,amenity,and biodiversity increase.Best Management Practices,developed mainly in the USA,focus on specific measures for sustainable stormwater treatment.Water Sensitive Urban Design,spread in Australia and England,also aims to minimise the impact of developed areas preventing flood risk,limiting water consumption and enhancing environmental quality.In the USA and Canada,Low Impact Development offers design strategies to manage runoff and deliver structural practices to mimic predevelopment processes of infiltration,filtration and detention.

Research on Stormwater Management of Cultural Heritage Ilmpark in Weimar Germany Based on Urban Resilience

With the development of cities, problems like natural and social disasters appeared more and more frequently. For example, rapid urbanization and climate change have caused both increasing flood probability and the severity of flooding. Consequently, there is a need for all cities to develop new strategies to maintain their vitality in numerous challenges and crises. This paper in the first place reviews the concept and research fields of urban resilience;besides, according to the characteristics of the Ilmpark situated in Weimar, This paper analyzes the necessity and potential on stormwater management of this area and then it concludes the alternative strategies of improvement based on the theory of urban resilience.

Balance Between Jobs and Housing from Perspectives of Real Estate Development and Management and Urban Planning

Jobs-housing balance is the balance between employment and housing. Its philosophy has a long history and development process in urban planning. The concept of jobs-housing balance generally refers to that the number of employed people is roughly equal to the number of occupants within a certain range. This kind of balance is conducive to reducing the commuting time and the change of transportation mode on the way that the employed people spend at work. The realization of jobs-housing balance not only helps to optimize the structure between residence and employment in the region but also is conducive to improving the work enthusiasm and work efficiency of the employed in the region and reducing the commuting costs of workers in the region. In addition, the relegalization of jobs-housing balance also has a certain impact and effect on alleviating the traffic congestion and improving the environment of the region. In summary, the realization of jobs-housing balance has a multi-faceted impact on the development of a city, and promoting the balance between occupation and housing is conducive to promoting the development of the city. The realization of jobshousing balance involves many areas. In this article, In this article, the development history of jobshousing balance is sorted out from perspectives of real estate development and management and urban planning, and its development enlightenment is discussed.

Strategies for Enhancing the Efficiency of Bioretention Swales and Basins for Urban Stormwater Management in Temperate Region

Among various schemes to reuse and recycle the limited urban fresh water resources, sustainable urban stormwater management, such as water sensitive urban design and rainwater harvesting, has been recognized as one of the most efficient and economically viable approaches. Storm runoff shall be treated as close as possible to its source before it is reused or discharged into public drainage network or receiving waters to enhance the water environment quality. Bioretention swale/basin, which has been commonly applied to treat runoff from roads, car parks, cyclist and pedestrian paths, rooftops, etc., is recognized to be the most efficient and aesthetic pleasing way to harvest rainwater in urban settings, and other longish shape runoff catchment area. This paper studied over 10 bioretention swales/basins applications in temperate region worldwide covering China, Germany, Norway, Austria, USA, and Australia. Key steps in bioretention swale/basin design and implementation in temperate region were investigated, such as strategic bioretention scheme selection, flow conveyance and hydraulic capacity design, filtering media profile, vegetation scheme selection and maintenance scheme, and suggestion and key design parameters. The critical path and parameters of bioretention swale/basin design which enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of its application for rainwater harvesting in temperate regions were derived.

Development, assessment and implementation of integrated stormwater management plan: a case study in Shanghai

An innovative stormwater master plan based on low impact development LID is proposed.Unlike the traditional urban drainage plan this plan employs a sustainable stormwater management approach in communities utilizing LID practices to reduce runoff and pollution load. An integrated hydraulic model which combines the traditional drainage sewer system with LID practices is adopted to assess the master plan.Through a long-term continuous simulation for 20 years the results reveal that the runoff volume will be reduced by over 80% following full implementation of this plan. Combining with the local conditions technical guidelines are established to provide assistance in implementing the stormwater master plan. Bioretention facilities for three main roads are constructed and other areas of development are being implemented sequentially under the guidance of the plan. This project provides an alternative method of stormwater management through the implementation of LID and it acts as a good example for other developing districts in China.

Feasibility assessment of LID concept for stormwater management in China through SWOT analysis

The strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats SWOT analysis method is applied to assess the feasibility of traditional stormwater management and low impact development LID in China.The results show that traditional stormwater management has many disadvantages e.g.only stormwater collection and discharge or flooding peak-flow regulation is taken into consideration but lack of many important functions such as on-site infiltration non-point pollution control ecological treatment etc.Meanwhile as a new stormwater management concept the LID system has many advantages e.g.LID can not only control rainwater quantity but also effectively prevent non-point pollution. Moreover LID is easy for implementation and cost effective and operation and management can also be done easily.LID has attracted more and more attention from governmental authorities at different levels and the majority of practitioners. Therefore LID has bright prospects for wide applications in China.

Stormwater management of urban greenway in China

In order to improve the stormwater regulation functions of urban greenways on the basis of literature research and case study the relationships between urban greenway and low impact development LID and green stormwater infrastructure GSI are analyzed. Then the classification system of urban greenways is proposed based on their stormwater regulation function and the suitable technical measures for stormwater management which can be used in different kinds of greenways are selected. According to China’s urban planning system the greenway planning method combined with the urban drainage system is developed and the design methods of the greenway stormwater system and individual stormwater facilities are put forward. The relationships between the greenway stormwater system and other systems are also analyzed in terms of stormwater inlet vertical design and overflow.Finally the waterfront greenway and street greenway demonstration projects in Jiaxing City which adopts the above concept and method are introduced. The results show that the reduction rates of annual total stormwater runoff and average total runoff contaminants TSS of the stormwater system are not less than 30% and 40% respectively.

Tuo Shan Yan Dam and City Ningbo： Exploring the Historical Logic of Urban Water Management through a Big City of China

Tuo Shan Yan Dam is a small darn which was built above Yinjiang River at the Yinjiang Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province of China in 833 AD, but it is greatly contributed to Ningbo City, a current big port city of China. The dam and the matched system had become a key hydro-infrastructure to the city＇s existence and development, and irrigation of the countryside nearby the city from ninth century up to 1987, a big dam was built at upper reach to control water of the river. Tuo Shan Yan Dam functioned an important role in the local water management and met a series of purposes perfectly, mainly as： （a） regulation of the river water; （b） save the flood; （c） stop the salinization; （d） urban water supply; （e） storage of flesh water; （f） irrigation; （g） ship transportation. And it is a miracle that it has been functioned for more than one thousand years. This dam also influenced the local social life and people＇s spiritual world simultaneously. The construction of the dam and its matched hydro-system is in line with the Chinese ancient logic of urban water management to manage river to meet a multi-proposes of urban development by a key project and a systemic engineering design. It is an important case for better understanding of ancient Chinese urban water management and to learn from the history for current water sustainability. Accordingly, the dam＇s design, construction and its influence on the local societies are studied in this article.

A Preliminary Study on the Inducements of Urban Public Landscape Fragmentation and Its Countermeasures

This study focused on the urban public landscape fragmentation in the process of rapid urbanization in China. By sorting out the management and control indicators and methods of urban planning management departments for residential land and comparing the actual practices and internal design principles of the mainstream developers in land development and construction based on this method, it is believed that the phenomenon of landscape space fragmentation from the city itself in the residential quarter in the city is caused by the mismatch between the design strategy of the developer and the overall demand of the urban space. Lack of government departments’ planning for the integration of urban public resources is the inducement. In view of these problems, several solutions were put forward.

Solid Waste Management Challenges in Urban Areas of Ghana: A Case Study of Bawku Municipality

This study was conducted in the Bawku Municipality of the Upper East, Ghana, with the view to assessing the factors that impede the management of solid waste. Questionnaires were submitted to 150 randomly selected households, while face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with the municipal Waste Management Department and a private waste management company, Zoomlion Ghana Ltd. Data collected included components of solid waste generated, waste collection, transportation and final disposal methods, the challenges confronting waste management institutions, and respondents' knowledge and perceptions of the waste management system and their attitudes towards it. Components of wastes generated were organic waste, paper waste and plastics. Factors that adversely affected waste collection and transportation systems were the inadequate supply of waste collection containers, the existence of a weak waste transportation system and a low patronage of the door-to-door collection method. The study showed that the municipal landfill did not meet the required standard. The results also revealed the lack of public awareness on issues regarding waste and lack of a participatory approach that makes the people an active stakeholder in the waste management system. This situation accounted for indiscriminate disposals of waste by most respondents who viewed the issue of waste management as the exclusive responsibility of the local government. The study further showed that the waste management institutions were faced with financial difficulties, understaffing and poor logistics and nature of roads, and social constraints. The study therefore suggests the development of a strategic plan for efficient waste management which revolves around these findings.

The Impact of Life Sciences Developments on the UK Urban Environment

Life sciences urban developments are a relatively recent phenomenon, and follow the emergence of knowledge based urban developments as a potential driver of urban regeneration and local economic growth. The role of these new centres in transforming the inner cities of some of the UK＇s larger conurbations is examined and the key planning issues are discussed. The article concludes that the key principles of urban planning and control must still apply in shaping the role these new developments have in the UK＇s evolving urban landscape.

Evaluation of Research Project on Integrated Management and Services of Urban Development Records, Archives, and Information

To evaluate the project "Research in integrated management and services of urban development records, archives, and information" in progress, this paper analyzes "why", "what", and "how" issues of relevant integration research about integrated management and services of urban development records, archives, and information based on a survey of literature at home and abroad. By a comparative study of current integration research status and features, the author gives a critical analysis of the strengths and weakness of the project and provides recommendations for future research.Cross disciplinary studies indicate that ideals of integration can add values to collaboration, innovation,and optimum in managing evidence, information, memory, and knowledge of built environment cross-culture, cross-discipline, cross-domain, and cross institution for enhancing competitiveness and productivity of business. Cross cultural studies indicate that integrated records, archives, and information management as a whole into capital construction project management process, organizational information resources management systems, and the construction of digital urban development archival repository through service-control, process-control, and product-control are fundamental to guarantee the characteristics and quality of records and records system to support evidence-based e-government,e-business, and the sustainability development of digital city. Present studies on integrated management and services of urban development records, archives, and information have limitations on too much emphasis on integration for collaboration and optimum but not enough studies on integration for innovation and broader use.

Sino British cooperation for urban environmental enhancement and sustainable development

This paper gives an overview of the presentations and discussions at the Sino British Workshop on Urban Environmental Enhancement and Sustainable Development held in Beijing from September 9—11, 1998. It summarises the contributions from both the Chinese and British sides to the four major themes of urban sustainability: integrated environmental assessment, water pollution and management, urban transportation and its impacts on air quality, and environmental technology. It also identifies many areas of common interest for further collaboration.

Driving factors of urban land growth in Guangzhou and its implications for sustainable development

Since 2000, China’s urban land has expanded at a dramatic speed because of the country’s rapid urbanization. The country has been experiencing unbalanced development between rural and urban areas, causing serious challenges such as agricultural security and land resources waste. Effectively evaluating the driving factors of urban land growth is essential for improving efficient land use management and sustainable urban development. This study established a principal component regression model based on eight indicators to identify their influences on urban land growth in Guangzhou. The results provided a grouping analysis of the driving factors, and found that economic growth, urban population, and transportation development are the driving forces of urban land growth of Guangzhou, while the tertiary industry has an opposite effect. The findings led to further suggestions and recommendations for urban sustainable development. Hence, local governments should design relevant policies for achieving the rational development of urban land use and strategic planning on urban sustainable development.

Latent dimensions between water use and socio-economic development: A global exploratory statistical analysis

Water use and socio-economic development are interconnected in complex ways.Causalities are not easy to identify but it is evident that a nexus between water use and socio-economic development does exist.Considering the diversity of national situations relating to these interrelated phenomena,its study should be considered from a global perspective.This article critically reviews the literature and information from official sources on the relevance of water use and circular economy in order to create a global picture,linking water with socio-economic development.Data from 195 countries were analyzed statistically.A factor analysis defined five essential latent dimensions on the nexus between water use and socio-economic development:development and basic services,population and resources,economic volume,health and well-being,and population density.Based on the identified factors,countries were classified into six groups:Global South in difficulty,global semi-periphery,advanced economy,Middle East and other Global South developing economy,global weight,and small highly developed economy.The clustering results clarify connections between water use conditions and socioeconomic development.Understanding the variety of national profiles is helpful to reveal the magnitude and urgency of dealing with the nexus between water use and socio-economic development for many countries.

省直管县改革能够促进共同富裕吗?——基于双重差分模型的实证分析

省直管县改革被视为发展县域经济、缩小城乡差距的重要举措,但已有研究对其能否实现缩小“三大”差距和推进公共服务均等化等共同富裕的主要政策目标仍存在争议。对此,以浙江省“省直管县”改革1997-2017年的面板数据为样本,运用双重差分法重新审视省直管县改革对实现共同富裕主要政策目标的整体效果。研究发现:省直管县试点和全面实施两个阶段对共同富裕均具有正向效应,且随着时间的推进呈现出逐年上升趋势。进一步分析发现,试点和全面实施阶段对共同富裕的正向效应存在区域差异,“省直管县试点”对共同富裕的影响具有“弱者变强、强者愈强”特征,而“省直管县全面实施”对共同富裕的影响则呈现出“抑强扶弱、协同发展”的特性。这些研究发现对优化省管县制度、探讨实现共同富裕的政策创新路径具有重要意义。

Practice and Exploration of the Delimitation and Implementation of Urban Development Boundary in Hangzhou

The urban development boundary is an institutional arrangement of overall planning and regulations of regional urban-rural space and ecological space, an important public policy which ensures the healthy and orderly development of urbanization, and one of the key contents that deepens the reform of the economic system. The delimitation of the urban development boundary is considered as a significant content for urban master plan revision and a fundamental basis for urban space layout and infrastructure layout in Hangzhou. As to the methods of delimitation, from the requirements of overall and long-term regional development, with the idea of "seeking the greatest common divisor," and in line with the layout requirements of population, facilities, and economic activities, the 18 space control elements sorted out according to the laws are integrated to form "one space map" that meets various requirements through interdepartmental negotiation and consultation. It should adhere to the principles including that it should follow related laws, should be implemented in space, should have multi-plan integration, and should be easy in operation. The Hangzhou Municipal Government formulates the Implementation Plan of the Hangzhou Urban Development Boundary, which, in line with the overall requirements of an intensive and highly efficient production space, a livable and moderate living space, and a pleasant and picturesque ecological space, classifies and disposes the present construction outside the urban development boundary, specifies the protection and utilization requirements for the space outside the urban development boundary, promotes the integration of functions inside and outside the urban development boundary, and establishes long-term management mechanisms including formulating regulations, dynamic monitoring, assessments of government performance, and social supervision.

面向流域治理与城镇发展统筹的城市水系统规划协同机制探讨 ——广东东莞生态园实证研究

统筹流域治理与城镇发展是系统解决当前城市发展过程中遇到的水资源短缺、水生态破坏、洪涝灾害频发的关键路径。本文在辨析流域治理与城镇发展统筹面临的主要问题及其辩证关系的基础上,以东莞市中部地区的生态园及其所在的寒溪河流域为研究对象,系统探讨了城市水系统规划在流域治理与城镇发展统筹中的协同作用机制。结果表明,以城镇-流域水系统耦合模型为支撑,城市水系统规划及其协同机制可通过空间、设施等要素的协同,实现保障城市及流域防洪排涝安全、保护水环境和节约水资源的目标,促进流域安全与城镇发展的良性互动。

高校城市轨道交通运营管理专业课实践教学现状调研

采用问卷调查法了解高校城市轨道交通运营管理专业课实践教学现状。研究结果显示,该专业课在实践教学上存在与行业需求脱节、师资力量不足、教学条件有限及管理与评价体系不完善等问题。由相关性分析可知,实践师资力量与市场需求同行业发展、实践相关政策与法规、学生素质与兴趣显著性相关。市场需求与行业发展同实践相关政策与法规、学生素质与兴趣显著负相关。实践相关政策与法规同学生素质与兴趣显著负相关。高校应优化专业课程设置以贴近行业需求,加强师资队伍建设以提升学生的专业水平和实践能力,改善教学条件以提供先进设备和实训基地,完善管理与评价体系以确保教学质量,从而提升学生的实践能力和就业竞争力。

城市交通20年发展回顾与思考——《城市交通》创刊廿年见证

《城市交通》从2003年创刊至今已历经20年,期间城市发展的理念、技术方法不断进步,形成了丰硕的理论与实践成果。从区域与城市交通设施快速增长、城市交通发展模式与建设纠偏、城市交通特征的巨大变化、机动化发展与交通需求管理、城市综合交通规划理论和标准体系、城市交通体制与机构改革6个方面对21世纪以来中国城市交通发展历程进行梳理。在回顾基础设施、运行组织辉煌建设成就的同时,分析了城市交通在发展过程中暴露出的发展模式粗放、协同治理不畅、法规和经济政策有限、体制和机制改革不足等问题。在城市交通中国式现代化建设和转型发展的过程中,技术变革和转型发展理念将会重塑城市交通分析、布局、组织、运营和治理模式。