东海西湖凹陷中南部晚中新世构造反转与油气运聚

解剖了西湖凹陷中南部晚中新世反转构造的结构特征,认为本区反转构造的发育部位受伸展期的基底断裂带控制。在巨厚的沉积盖层条件下,断陷构造层与拗陷构造层之间的构造特征差异明显。反转构造形态自下而上表现为叠加在断块基础上的顶厚褶皱、平行褶皱和顶薄褶皱。在伊豆小笠原弧及九州帛琉海岭与日本南缘碰撞产生的近东西向区域挤压力作用下,构造反转作用具有“下逆上褶”特征,即断陷构造层沿基底断层发生逆向反转,而拗陷构造层在力偶作用下发生不对称褶皱作用。构造反转对油气运移的控制通过构造增压和断层泄压作用进行,油气主要在断陷构造层与拗陷构造层的转换构造层聚集。

FLIGHT／THRUST INTEGRATED CONTROL USINGH∞SYNTHESIS IN AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING

The landing task of an aircraft under low aerodynamic pressure on carrier requires precise airplane control,A flight/thrust integrated control system(FTICS)with constant ad,actual angle of attack,is developed using LMI-based H∞synthesis.The typical single input/outputspecifications are translated into the weighting functions of an H∞output-feedback synthesis problem.The motiva-tion of the work is to improve the key performance of dy-namic tracking and air disturbance attenuation.The FTICS can keep the attitude andgle and the path angle un-changeable as the airplane is passing through the ramp at which the tracking radar doesnot work and the guidance signal is terminated.For engineering application,an or-der-reduction method of the H∞controller is also pro-posed,Simulational results indicate that the system satis-fies the design requirements quite well.

燕山造山带复杂构造变形型式的新证据及其地质意义

我们在燕山造山带若干区域的构造填图工作表明, 燕山带构造变形型式十分复杂。在华北地区中元古代“标准剖面”所在的天津市蓟县常州村团山子杨庄地区, 我们的填图工作识别出众多的逆冲构造。在北京市东部密云县丰台顶一带发现了褶皱的推覆体。在北京市西北部延庆县的河口石槽地区填绘出强烈变形的褶皱冲断构造。但是, 前人已发表的地质图并未显示这些构造形迹。根据GADavis及其合作者的研究和我们的调查工作, 我们认为前人对燕山造山带的填图工作在识别区域主要构造特征方面是不成功的, 燕山带挤压变形比前人所认为的要更为强烈和复杂。

A novel strategy of smart manipulation by micro-scale oscillatory networks of the reactionary zones for enhanced extreme thrust control of the next-generation solid propulsion systems

The main aim of this research is to get a better knowledge and understanding of the micro-scale oscillatory networks behavior in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano-scale combustion mechanisms is essential to the development and further improvement of the next-generation technologies for extreme control of the solid propellant thrust. Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks excitation in the solid propellants reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon. In accordance with our concept,the micro-and nano-scale structures form both the fractal and self-organized wave patterns in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Control by the shape, the sizes and spacial orientation of the wave patterns allows manipulate by the energy exchange and release in the reactionary zones. A novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control in solid propulsion systems are based on manipulation by selforganization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields, generated by special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges along with resonance laser radiation. Application of special kind of the ring-shaped electric discharges demands the minimum expenses of energy and opens prospects for almost inertia-free control by combustion processes. Nano-sized additives will enhance self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks on the nanometer scale. Suggested novel strategy opens the door for completely new ways for enhanced extreme thrust control of the solid propulsion systems.

荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带断裂运动组合及地震分段特征

逆冲构造带的分段性研究是评价该类发震构造地震危险性的基础工作。荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带是青藏高原东南边缘重要的NW向强震构造带,该构造带以逆冲错动为主要活动形式,其组合形式与逆冲强度存在南北差异。通过NE向横向断裂的构造地貌分析,发现横向断裂以右旋走滑活动为主,兼有倾滑活动。根据其与纵向断裂的交接关系,将横向断裂概括为横向分割断裂、横向撕裂断裂和横向转换断裂3种类型,讨论了3类横向断裂在逆冲构造带分段中所起的不同作用,进而将荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带分为独立的3段,并分析了各段的地震活动特征。研究表明,荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带以横向断裂为标志的3分段特点,既体现了段与段之间断裂活动强度、地震破裂强度与步调的差异,又体现了段内地震破裂步调的一致性,表明横向断裂在一定程度上控制了逆冲构造带的破裂分段,只是横向断裂的类型不同,其所起的作用也不同。

滇西无量山逆冲推覆带山前飞来峰的构造成因

印度板块相对于我国华南地块的向北运动在滇西三江地区造成许多地块发生大规模的顺时针旋转,其中,由于刚性度上的差异,临沧花岗岩基的旋转对邻近地块的影响最为明显,导致兰坪—思茅盆地的大规模缩短和无量山的隆升。无量山的隆升是一系列逆冲断片的叠置造成的,其中,古生界无量山群浅变质岩位于最上部,三叠系麦初箐组含煤砂板岩位于中部,侏罗-白垩系红层位于最下部。在无量山的北东山前散布有许多飞来峰,盖在侏罗-白垩系红层之上,由于这些飞来峰的岩性和无量山群及麦初箐组很相似,前人将其视为推覆体。近年来,笔者针对这些飞来峰的变形和地貌特征以及与无量山的构造关系开展系统研究,认为它们是在重力作用下从无量山滑覆下来的岩块,并在滑覆的过程中岩石发生了掀斜。无量山的顶部山峰大多位于同一高度,十分平坦,代表一次侵蚀夷平事件,这说明在推覆造山之后发生过大规模的侵蚀作用,在此之前无量山要高的多,因此造山带边缘的推覆岩片具有很大的势能,这是重力滑覆作用得以发生的条件。可以推测飞来峰的滑覆发生在造山期后,很可能发生在无量山大规模的侵蚀作用期间,因为在此时大气降水多,山体边坡稳定性差。

Three-dimensional discrete element numerical simulation of Paleogene salt structures in the western Kuqa foreland thrust belt

Taking the Paleogene salt strata in the west of Kuqa foreland thrust belt as study object, the deformation features of salt structure in the compression direction and perpendicular to the compression direction were examined to find out the control factors and formation mechanisms of the salt structures. By using the three-dimensional discrete element numerical simulation method, the formation mechanisms of typical salt structures of western Kuqa foreland thrust belt in Keshen and Dabei work areas were comprehensively analyzed. The simulation results show that the salt deformation in Keshen and Dabei work areas is of forward spread type, with deformation concentrated in the piedmont zone;the salt deformation is affected by the early uplift near the compression end, pre-existing basement faults, synsedimentary process and the initial salt depocenter;in the direction perpendicular to the compression direction, salt rocks near the compression end have strong lateral mobility with the velocity component moving towards the middle part, and the closer to the middle, the larger the velocity will be, so that salt rocks will aggregate towards the middle and deform intensely, forming complex folds and separation of salt structures from salt source, and local outcrop with thrust faults. Compared with 2 D simulation, 3 D simulation can analyze salt structures in the principal stress direction and direction perpendicular to the principal stress, give us a full view of the formation mechanisms of salt structures, and guide the exploration of oil and gas reservoirs related to salt structures.

受盐层影响的前陆褶皱-冲断带构造特征——以库车秋立塔克构造带为例

褶皱-冲断带和盐相关构造均十分发育的秋立塔克地区构造极其复杂,该地区新生界内部存在两套起滑脱层作用的膏盐层。受滑脱层位置变化影响,垂向上和平面上的构造变形特征均具有很大差别。地震剖面识别出的构造样式主要有盐焊接、断层滑脱褶皱、断层传播褶皱、断层转折褶皱、三角带及其混生构造样式和基底卷入型断层相关褶皱等。秋立塔克地区盐相关构造形成的主要动力是挤压应力,其形成过程主要经历了楔状地层、滑脱背斜、滑脱断层和对冲断裂形成4个阶段。

METAMORPHISM IN THE LESSER HIMALAYAN CRYSTALLINES AND MAIN CENTRAL THRUST ZONE IN THE ARUN VALLEY AND AMA DRIME RANGE (EASTERN HIMALAYA)

The Arun mega\|antiform, a large N—S structure transversal to the tectonic trend of the E Nepal Himalaya, is a tectonic window offering a complete section of the Himalayan nappe pile, from the Lesser Himalayan zone to the Tethyan Himalaya. At the northern end of the Arun tectonic window (ATW), the Ama Drime—Nyonno Ri range of south Tibet exposes a section of that portion of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone and Lesser Himalayan Crystallines (LHC) which elsewhere in Nepal is concealed below the overlying Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) nappe (Fig. 1). As throughout the Himalaya at the structural level of the MCT, the ATW is characterized by an inverted metamorphic field gradient characterized by a progression from chlorite to sillimanite grade from low to high structural levels of the nappe pile. Metamorphic peak temperatures rise from circa 400℃ in the pelitic and psammitic Precambrian metasediments of the Lesser Himalayan Tumlingtar Unit, to 550～620℃ in the overlying LHC, to over 700℃ in the muscovite\|free Barun Gneiss, the lowermost HHC unit in the Arun valley.

Adjustment of Liquid Production in Reservoir with Handling Capacity Constraints

A oilfield was an oil reservoir with strong bottom water in offshore, the water cut was as high as 96%. In the high water cut stage, the most effective way of increasing oil production was to extract liquid and increase oil. The processing capacity of oilfield fluid was limited by the conditions. By using Petrel-RE-2017 software, combining reservoir engineering and percolation mechanics methods, this paper analyzes the effect of large-scale liquid pumping, expand coverage and shut-in coning in oil reservoirs with bottom water, and formulates the adjustment strategy of single well production structure of the whole oilfield. It was confirmed that large-scale liquid production can expand coverage and shutting down well can reduce water cut. It can provide reference and guidance for oil field with strong bottom water when it encounters bottleneck of liquid treatment capacity.

钻杆焊缝热处理温控系统的建模及实现

针对钢铁企业某钢管厂的实际情况,采用PI闭环控制实现将钻杆焊缝热处理的稳态温度控制在±2℃的波动范围,以提高产品的生产效率和产品质量。在对原有控制系统分析的基础上,对钻杆焊缝热处理的温度控制系统装置进行实验建模。在不影响控制精度的情况下将模型近似为一阶惯性环节,并根据该模型设计出一个分段的PI控制器,在Matlab上得到了良好的仿真结果。实践表明,该控制器可以成功地对实际生产系统进行有效控制,提高了钢管的生产效率与产品质量,减少了能源消耗,取得了明显的经济效益。

调整井完井压力系统及固井工艺的优化与控制

针对油田调整井固井质量优质率低和提高固井质量难的问题,通过石油地质、油藏、钻井、采油工程的有机结合及系统优化与控制,以油藏数值模拟方法为手段,优化压力系统,精确预测分层压力状况,实施待钻井点层间压差及压力最小化控制。另外,对水泥浆凝固特性进行了研究,选择合适的水泥浆体系来提高固井质量。现场试验证明,利用层间压差最小化及改善水泥浆凝固特性的方法,提高调整井固井质量的措施效果好,工艺可行,同区块相比,固井质量合格率提高了4%以上,从而解决了长期困扰油田开发调整井固井质量差的难题。

Complex Least Squares Adjustment to Improve Tree Height Inversion Problem in PolInSAR

At present,the principal data processing methods involving complex observations are based on two strategies according to characteristics of the observation process,i.e.,step-by-step and direct resolution.However,these strategies have some limitations,e.g.they cannot consider statistical observation error information,redundant observations and so on.This paper applies least squares methods to complex data processing to extend surveying adjustment theory from real to complex number space.We compared the two adjustment criteria for a complex domain in a quantitative way.In order to understand the effectiveness of complex least squares,tree height inversion from PolInSAR data is taken as an example.We firstly established both a complex adjustment function model and a stochastic model for PolInSAR tree height inversion,and then applied the complex least squares method to estimate tree height.Results show that the complex least squares approach is reliable and outperforms other classic tree height retrieval methods;the method is simple and easy to implement.

步进式电子变阻器的直流电动机调速技术

介绍了多级电子分挡调速技术。采用步进式电子变阻器和晶闸管,研制了新型的直流电动机调速电路。它能使速度的变化逐级平缓地进行,没有跳变现象。电路设计为闭环控制形式。能自动用多种条件完成对直流电动机的控制,并减少功耗。该技术已用在电瓶叉车上,能保证叉车起步平稳,有效地防止因速度跳变而对机械传动装置产生极大的冲击力。用逻辑电路设计了失控保护电路,保证运行安全,还能实现联锁及安全自保功能。电路设计还避免了接触器触点带电闭合。产生了良好的经济效益和生产效益,在电机控制技术中有广阔的发展空间。

一种直接力/气动力复合控制自动驾驶仪的设计方法

文中基于直接力与气动力复合控制的导弹,提出了空气舵和直接力喷流装置同步工作的混合方式,建立了弹体模型,给出了一种自动驾驶仪的设计方法。自动驾驶仪具有传统的结构形式,内回路为阻尼回路,采用连续的控制方式;外回路为加速度控制回路,采用变结构控制率,以减小弹体参数摄动对输出加速度的影响。仿真结果表明,这种混合方式能够同时提高导弹的最大输出加速度和快速响应能力,自动驾驶仪具有良好的性能。

Aero-engine Thrust Estimation Based on Ensemble of Improved Wavelet Extreme Learning Machine

Aero-engine direct thrust control can not only improve the thrust control precision but also save the operating cost by reducing the reserved margin in design and making full use of aircraft engine potential performance.However,it is a big challenge to estimate engine thrust accurately.To tackle this problem,this paper proposes an ensemble of improved wavelet extreme learning machine(EW-ELM)for aircraft engine thrust estimation.Extreme learning machine(ELM)has been proved as an emerging learning technique with high efficiency.Since the combination of ELM and wavelet theory has the both excellent properties,wavelet activation functions are used in the hidden nodes to enhance non-linearity dealing ability.Besides,as original ELM may result in ill-condition and robustness problems due to the random determination of the parameters for hidden nodes,particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is adopted to select the input weights and hidden biases.Furthermore,the ensemble of the improved wavelet ELM is utilized to construct the relationship between the sensor measurements and thrust.The simulation results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed method and show that aero-engine thrust estimation using EW-ELM can satisfy the requirements of direct thrust control in terms of estimation accuracy and computation time.

高温高盐油藏用疏水缔合聚合物凝胶调剖剂研制与应用

针对中原油田高温高盐油藏研制了疏水缔合聚合物(AP P4)凝胶调剖剂。通过组分用量筛选得到成胶溶液配方(以g/L计):AP P42 5～3 5+交联剂组分MZ YL0 4～0 5+MZ BE0 6～0 7+MZ XS0 12+酸度调整剂CS 21 2,用矿化度116g/L的油田污水配液,90℃成胶时间为10～12小时,室温凝胶粘度为35～61Pa·s,在90℃热处理100小时后粘度>40Pa·s。成胶溶液在3000r/m剪切15分钟后粘度下降87%～89%,但在90℃形成的凝胶粘度达到未剪切情况下粘度值的70%～85%。在渗透率Kg=0 9～1 0μm2的储层含油岩心中注入10PV调剖剂,成胶后堵塞率为88%～96%,残余阻力系数16 2～28 6。采用Vk=0 72、平均Kg=1 0μm2的三层非均质人造岩心,以矿化度160g/L的油田污水驱替后注入AP P4调剖剂并使之成胶,后续水驱采收率增值随注入深度增加而增大,注入深度为5%～10%时增加采收率0 403%～0 925%(OOIP)。在文明寨油田(T=80℃)、马寨油田(T=90℃)实施AP P4凝胶调剖24井次,平均单井注入量942m3,处理半径8 9m,效果良好,有效期217天;成胶液平均粘度在泵前、泵后和井口分别为12 28、11 07、9 99Pa·s,成胶时间32小时,凝胶粘度>100Pa·s。图4表7参3。

PLC在天然气调压站自动控制系统中的应用研究

在简单介绍天然气调压站工作原理的基础上,详细讨论了用PLC实现天然气调压站自动控制系统的设计。系统通过实时监测调压站关键部位的压力、压差、阀位和流量等主要参数,及时反映调压站的实际工作状况,并作用于执行机构进行调整,确保供气系统安全稳定的工作。系统可以通过本地触摸屏和远程网络两种方式进行实时监控,并为上位机预留了标准的Modbus通信接口,便于系统远程网络化控制管理。

Semi-parametric Adjustment Model Methods for Positioning of Seafloor Control Point

This paper focus on solving the problem of seafloor control point absolute positioning with low vertical accuracy based on the survey ship sailing circle. The method of dealing with the systematic error based on a semi-parametric adjustment model was proposed. Firstly, the influence of sound velocity change on ranging error is analyzed. Secondly, a semi-parametric adjustment model for determining three-dimensional coordinates of seafloor control points was established. And respectively proposed solutions under two different conditions, the observation duration is an integral multiple or non-integer multiple of the long-period term of the ranging error. The simulation experiment shows that this method can obviously improve the accuracy of vertical solution of seafloor control point compared with the difference technique and the least-squares method when internal waves exist and observation duration is less than an integer multiple of the long-period term of the ranging error.

加工工件位置和姿态的自动检测、识别与校正方法(英文)

加工工件在数控机床工作台上位置的精确确定是数控系统研究中必须仔细考虑的问题。以数控机床为对象 ,提出了一种对有定位基准平面或工艺基准平面类工件位置和姿态精确确定的新方法 ,并论述了测量所用传感器的工作原理和实验考核。该方法可实现将工件粗略安装在工作台的合适位置上 ,使用自行研制的高精度检测传感器和有效的算法进行加工工件位置和姿态的自动测量、识别和校正 ,而无需夹具的精确定位 ,而且在测量系统上设置有自动减速单元以提高测量效率。通过实验证明了该方法是正确的、可行的。