An Overview and Perspectives On Bidirectional Intelligence: Lmser Duality, Double IA Harmony,and Causal Computation

Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser six cognitive functions and provide new perspectives on which a lot of extensions and particularlly flexible Lmser are proposed.Interestingly,either or two of these dualities actually takes an important role in recent models such as U-net,ResNet,and Dense Net.The second thread is about bidirectional learning principles unified by best yIng-yAng(IA)harmony in BYY system.After getting insights on deep bidirectional learning from a bird-viewing on existing typical learning principles from one or both of the inward and outward directions,maximum likelihood,variational principle,and several other learning principles are summarised as exemplars of the BYY learning,with new perspectives on advanced topics.The third thread further proceeds to deep bidirectional intelligence,driven by long term dynamics(LTD)for parameter learning and short term dynamics(STD)for image thinking and rational thinking in harmony.Image thinking deals with information flow of continuously valued arrays and especially image sequence,as if thinking was displayed in the real world,exemplified by the flow from inward encoding/cognition to outward reconstruction/transformation performed in Lmser learning and BYY learning.In contrast,rational thinking handles symbolic strings or discretely valued vectors,performing uncertainty reasoning and problem solving.In particular,a general thesis is proposed for bidirectional intelligence,featured by BYY intelligence potential theory(BYY-IPT)and nine essential dualities in architecture,fundamentals,and implementation,respectively.Then,problems of combinatorial solving and uncertainty reasoning are investigated from this BYY IPT perspective.First,variants and extensions are suggested for AlphaGoZero like searching tasks,such as traveling salesman problem(TSP)and attributed graph matching(AGM)that are turned into Go like problems with help of a feature enrichment technique.Second,reasoning activities are summarized under guidance of BYY IPT from the aspects of constraint satisfaction,uncertainty propagation,and path or tree searching.Particularly,causal potential theory is proposed for discovering causal direction,with two roads developed for its implementation.

Hierarchical microstructures with high spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structures possessing different orientations created by femtosecond laser ablation of silicon in liquids

High spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structures(HSFLs)on silicon substrates are often developed on flat surfaces at low fluences near ablation threshold of 0.1 J/cm2,seldom on microstructures or microgrooves at relatively higher fluences above 1 J/cm^2.This work aims to enrich the variety of HSFLs-containing hierarchical microstructures,by femtosecond laser(pulse duration:457 fs,wavelength:1045 nm,and repetition rate:100 kHz)in liquids(water and acetone)at laser fluence of 1.7 J/cm^2.The period of Si-HSFLs in the range of 110–200 nm is independent of the scanning speeds(0.1,0.5,1 and 2 mm/s),line intervals(5,15 and 20μm)of scanning lines and scanning directions(perpendicular or parallel to light polarization direction).It is interestingly found that besides normal HSFLs whose orientations are perpendicular to the direction of light polarization,both clockwise or anticlockwise randomly tilted HSFLs with a maximal deviation angle of 50°as compared to those of normal HSFLSs are found on the microstructures with height gradients.Raman spectra and SEM characterization jointly clarify that surface melting and nanocapillary waves play important roles in the formation of Si-HSFLs.The fact that no HSFLs are produced by laser ablation in air indicates that moderate melting facilitated with ultrafast liquid cooling is beneficial for the formation of HSFLs by LALs.On the basis of our findings and previous reports,a synergistic formation mechanism for HSFLs at high fluence was proposed and discussed,including thermal melting with the concomitance of ultrafast cooling in liquids,transformation of the molten layers into ripples and nanotips by surface plasmon polaritons(SPP)and second-harmonic generation(SHG),and modulation of Si-HSFLs direction by both nanocapillary waves and the localized electric field coming from the excited large Si particles.

Oxidation Kinetics of Aluminum Powders in a Gas Fluidized Bed Reactor in the Potential Application of Surge Arresting Materials

In this technical paper, the oxidation mechanism and kinetics of aluminum powders are discussed in great details. The potential applications of spherical aluminum powders after oxidation to be part of the surging arresting materials are discussed. Theoretical calculations of oxidation of spherical aluminum powders in a typical gas fluidization bed are demonstrated. Computer software written by the author is used to carry out the basic calculations of important parameters of a gas fluidization bed at different temperatures. A mathematical model of the dynamic system in a gas fluidization bed is developed and the analytical solution is obtained. The mathematical model can be used to estimate aluminum oxide thickness at a defined temperature. The mathematical model created in this study is evaluated and confirmed consistently with the experimental results on a gas fluidization bed. Detail technical discussion of the oxidation mechanism of aluminum is carried out. The mathematical deviations of the mathematical modeling have demonstrated in great details. This mathematical model developed in this study and validated with experimental results can bring a great value for the quantitative analysis of a gas fluidization bed in general from a theoretical point of view. It can be applied for the oxidation not only for aluminum spherical powders, but also for other spherical metal powders. The mathematical model developed can further enhance the applications of gas fluidization technology. In addition to the development of mathematical modeling of a gas fluidization bed reactor, the formation of oxide film through diffusion on both planar and spherical aluminum surfaces is analyzed through a thorough mathematical deviation using diffusion theory and Laplace transformation. The dominant defects and their impact to oxidation of aluminum are also discussed in detail. The well-controlled oxidation film on spherical metal powders such as aluminum and other metal spherical powders can potentially become an important part of switch devices of surge arresting materials, in general.

The assessment of time dependent flow of Williamson fluid with radiative blood flow against a wedge

The present pagination reports both Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis aspects subject to magneto hydrodynamic Williamson fluid model.Assuming the flow is unsteady and blood is treated as Williamson fluid over a wedge with radiation.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables.The analytical solutions of the transformed governing equations are obtained by using the RK 4th order method along with shooting technique solver.The effects of various physical parameters such as Hartmann number,local Weissenberg number,radiation parameter,unsteadiness parameter,Prandtl number,Lewis number,Brownian diffusion,thermophoresis,wedge angle parameter,moving wedge parameter,on velocity,temperature,concentration,skin friction,heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate have been discussed in detail.The velocity and temperature profile deprives for larger We and an opposite trend is observed for concentration.The radiation parameter is propositional to temperature and a counter behaviour is observed for Pr.

In-situ observations on interphase boundary migration and grain growth during α/γ phase transformation in iron-4.2%Cr alloy

In-situ observations on α/γ phase transformation were made to study the effects of grain boundary microstructures on the formation of a new phase and the migration of α/γ interphase boundary in an iron4. 2%Cr alloy. It was found that triple junctions with more random boundaries could be the primary nucleation sites for a new phase, while triple junctions with low angle or low ∑ coincidence boundaries did not play any role as preferential sites. The migration of α/γ interphase boundary during heating over the transformation temperature range showed the two stage behaviour characterized by a stage with a migration velocity of 0. 33-0. 75 mm/s and secondly by a stage with 3. 7-7. 6 mm/s. It was also found that abnormal grain growth and a high density of ∑3 coincidence boundaries could occur in a phase with bcc structure after cycling of α/γ phase transformation. A new mechanism of nucleation and growth of a new phase in α/γ phase transformation is proposed on the basis of roles of plane-matching interphase boundaries, as previously discussed on the origin of anisotropy of grain growth due to the migration of {110} plane-matching boundaries in Fe-3z%Si alloy. The most recent theoretical work on the distribution of plane-matching boundaries in solids with different crystal structures was found to be useful for the understanding of nucleation and growth during α/γ phase transformation.

More Compactification for Differential Systems

This article is a review and promotion of the study of solutions of differential equations in the “neighborhood of infinity” via a non traditional compactification. We define and compute critical points at infinity of polynomial autonomuos differential systems and develop an explicit formula for the leading asymptotic term of diverging solutions to critical points at infinity. Applications to problems of completeness and incompleteness (the existence and nonexistence respectively of global solutions) of dynamical systems are provided. In particular a quadratic competing species model and the Lorentz equations are being used as arenas where our technique is applied. The study is also relevant to the Painlevé property and to questions of integrability of dynamical systems.

THE EARLY SUMMER FLOOD PERIODS OF SOUTHERN CHINA AND THE SUMMER MONSOON CIRCULATION OF EAST ASIA

Based on the thermodynamic characteristics of the summer monsoon and foe change of the lower layer wind fields, the relation between the early summer flood periods of southern China, Including the first flood period of South China and the plum rains period of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the activities of the summer monsoon is analysed. The establishment processes of the summer monsoon circulation of East Asia are investigated. It is shown that the beginning and ending of the flood periods are exactly in accordance with the arrival and departure of the fore boundary of the summer monsoon. The establishment process of the circulation from the very beginning of the arrival of the monsoon to the time of great prosperity of development are not the same for each year. They can be classified into four categories. Each category may have four or three stages. Besides, the structure of the summer monsoon regime of East Asia is not unitary. There exist four types of structure model of the monsoon regime of East Asia.

Gunn器件中畴的静止-渡越-静止模式的实验观察和计算机模拟

本文讨论在GaAs n^+-n-n^+夹层结构的Cunn器件中畴的静止-渡越-静止模式,进行了实验观察和计算机模拟,指出在超过阈值的偏置电压下,当畴的耗尽层进入阳极附近的高掺杂区后,会逐渐停止下来形成准静态畴,这时畴外电场达到最大值.如果这时阴极凹口仍不能形成新畴,则准静态畴将进一步调整成为真正的静止畴,而畴外电场也将由最大值下降到一个与偏压无关的固定值.经过理论分析,得到了静止畴所固有的与外加偏压无关的畴外电场与有源区掺杂浓度的关系式,并和计算机模拟的结果相比较,得到很好的符合.如果偏压的增加使准静态畴所对应的畴外电场最大值已经足够使阴极凹口形成新的畴,则静止畴将转变为渡越畴.如果偏压继续增加,使积累层尾部覆盖了阴极凹口,则畴会再次静止下来,直到偏压增加到畴发生雪崩为止.计算和实验表明,后一个静止区的电压变化范围要比前一个大得多.本文还讨论了两个转变电压和温度的关系及扩散系数对静止畴的影响.

Ultra-Wideband Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) for Wireless Communication Applications

This paper proposes a printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) for ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) applications. The antenna comprises of cascading four U shaped elements of different line lengths with balun circuit to improve the antenna impedance matching. The proposed antenna dimensions are 50 × 50 mm2 with FR4 substrate thickness 0.8 mm. Full-wave EM solver HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is used for modeling the proposed antenna. The pulse distortion is verified by the measured the proposed antenna performance with virtually steady group delay. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance matching, stable radiation patterns throughout the whole operating frequency bands, acceptable gain and stable group delay over the entire operating band. An UWB extended from 1.85 GHz to 11 GHz is obtained, and the average antenna gain is about 5.5 dBi over the operating band with peak gain around 6.5 dBi and 70% average radiation efficiency.

Sumudu Transformation or What Else Can Laplace Transformation Do

The transition from a known Taylor series ?of a known function f(x) to a new function ?primarily defined by the infinite power series ?with coefficients f(n)(0)?from the Taylor series of the function f(x)?can be made by an integral transformation which is a modified Laplace transformation and is called Sumudu transformation. It makes the transition from the Exponential series to the Geometric series and may help to evaluate new infinite power series from known Taylor series. The Sumudu transformation is demonstrated to be a limiting case of Fractional integration. Apart from the basic Sumudu integral transformation we discuss a modification where the coefficients ?from the Taylor series are not changed to f(n)(0)?but only to . Beside simple examples our applications are mainly concerned to calculate new Generating functions for Hermite polynomials from the basic ones.

Influences of blood lipids on the occurrence and prognosis of hemorrhagic transformation after acute cerebral infarction: a case-control study of 732 patients

Background: To study the influence of blood lipid levels on hemorrhagic transformation(HT) and prognosis after acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods: Patients with ACI within 72 h of symptoms onset between January 1 st, 2015, and December 31 st, 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into group A(without HT) and group B(HT). The outcomes were assessed after 3 months of disease onset using the modified Rankin Scale(m RS). An m RS score of 0–2 points indicated excellent prognosis, and an m RS score of 3–6 points indicated poor prognosis.Results: A total of 732 patients conformed to the inclusion criteria, including 628 in group A and 104 in group B. The incidence of HT was 14.2%, and the median onset time was 2 d(interquartile range, 1–7 d). The percentages of patients with large infarct size and cortex involvement in group B were 80.8% and 79.8%, respectively, which were both significantly higher than those in group A(28.7 and 33.4%, respectively). The incidence rate of atrial fibrillation(AF) in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(39.4% vs. 13.9%, P<0.001). The adjusted multivariate analysis results showed that large infarct size, cortex involvement and AF were independent risk factors of HT, while total cholesterol(TC) was a protective factor of HT(OR=0.359, 95% CI 0.136–0.944, P=0.038). With every 1 mmol/L reduction in normal TC levels, the risk of HT increased by 64.1%. The mortality and morbidity at 3 months in group B(21.2% and 76.7%, respectively) were both significantly higher than those in group A(8.0% and 42.8%, respectively). The adjusted multivariate analysis results showed that large infarct size(OR=12.178, 95% CI 5.390–27.516, P<0.001) was an independent risk factor of long-term unfavorable outcomes, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) was a protective factor(OR=0.538, 95% CI 0.300–0.964, P=0.037). With every 1 mmol/L reduction in normal LDL-C levels, the risk of an unfavorable outcome increased by 46.2%. Major therapies, including intravenous recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator(r TPA), intensive lipid-lowering statins and anti-platelets, were not significantly related to either HT or long-term, post-ACI poor prognosis.Conclusions: For patients with large infarct sizes, especially those with cortex involvement, AF, or lower levels of TC, the risk of HT might increase after ACI. The risk of a long-term unfavorable outcome in these patients might increase with a reduction in LDL-C.

Provenance of Sediments Filling a Paleo-Channel that Formed on the Western Yellow Sea Continental Shelf During the Last Glacial Period

Several buried paleo-channels are located on the continental shelf of the western Yellow Sea. Research on the paleochannels is significant for both theoretical studies and practical applications. In this paper, we analyse and discuss the mineralogy of sediments in a core(SYS-0803) recovered from a buried paleo-channel on the continental shelf of the western Yellow Sea. The aim is to determine the provenance of sediments that fill the paleo-channel. The heavy mineral assemblage of sediments in the core consists of schistose minerals, common hornblende, epidote, and ilmenite. The light mineral assemblage consists of plagioclase, quartz, lithic fragments, and K-feldspar. Analysis of the compositional maturity of the sand fraction revealed a quartz/feldspar ratio of < 1. A relatively high percentage of smectite is recorded throughout the entire paleo-channel fill, with the greatest percentage in the middle to lower parts. The detrital mineral assemblage and clay mineral content indicate that the paleo-channel sediments were sourced mainly from the Huanghe River during the last glacial period.

变系数三阶周期边值问题的正解(英文)

研究了变系数非线性三阶周期边值问题的正解.非线性项可以关于空间变元奇异.利用适当的变换此问题被转换为一个Hammerstein积分方程,利用锥上的Guo-Krasno-selski不动点定理获得了1～2个正解的存在性.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

Pseudoscalar Top-Bottom Quark-Antiquark Composite as the Resonance with 28 GeV at the LHC: Hadron Masses and Higgs Boson Masses Based on the Periodic Table of Elementary Particles

This paper posits that the observed resonance with 28 GeV at the LHC is the pseudoscalar top-bottom quark-antiquark composite which has the calculated mass of 27.9 GeV derived from the periodic table of elementary particles. The calculated mass is for the mass of?. In the periodic table of elementary particles, t quark (13.2 GeV) in the pseudoscalar top-bottom quark-antiquark composite is only a part of full t quark (175.4 GeV), so pseudoscalar?(26.4 GeV) cannot exist independently, and can exist only in the top-bottom quark-antiquark composite. As shown in the observation at the LHC, the resonance with 28 GeV weakens significantly at the higher energy collision (13 TeV), because at the higher collision energy, low-mass pseudoscalar? in the composite likely becomes independent full high-mass vector? moving out of the composite. The periodic table of elementary particles is based on the seven mass dimensional orbitals derived from the seven extra dimensions of 11 spacetime dimensional membrane. The calculated masses of hadrons are in excellent agreement with the observed masses of hadrons by using only five known constants. For examples, the calculated masses of proton, neutron, pion (&pi;&plusmn;), and pion (&plusmn;0) are 938.261, 939.425, 139.540, and 134.982 MeV in excellent agreement with the observed 938.272, 939.565, 139.570, and 134.977MeV, respectively with 0.0006%, 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.004%, respectively for the difference between the calculated and observed mass. The calculated masses of the Higgs bosons as the intermediate vector boson composites are in excellent agreements with the observed masses. In conclusion, the calculated masses of the top-bottom quark-antiquark composite (27.9 GeV), hadrons, and the Higgs bosons by the periodic table of elementary particles are in excellent agreement with the observed masses of resonance with 28 GeV at the LHC, hadrons, and the Higgs bosons, respectively.

Therapeutic Effect of Common Goldenrop Decoction Combined With Ramuli Cinnamomi Decoction in the Treatment of Patients with Insomnia during the Period of the Day from 11 PM to 3 AM

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction in the treatment of patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM.Methods:80 patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM were randomly divided into control group and intervention group.The control group was treated with 1 mg of estazolam tablets at 9 PM every night;while the intervention group was given common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction based on the estazolam tablets.After 2 weeks of treatment and after 2 weeks of withdrawal,the improvement in sleep was observed.Results:After 2 weeks of treatment,the efficacy of the intervention group(97.5%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(75.0%).The difference was statistically significant.After 2 weeks of withdrawal,the intervention group still had an effective rate of 87.5%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(55.0%).Conclusion:common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction can improve the short-term and long-term sleep quality of patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM.

Cognitive Model of the Journalist on Journalism under Newspaper Industry Transformation Period

In this paper, we conduct research on cognitive model of the journalist on journalism under newspaper industry transformation period. “Journalism” is the logical starting point of theoretical journalism system that is the most abstract, general concept of journalism. Therefore, analyzing the connotation and the essence of “news activities” has special significance and value to the whole journalism, that especially theoretical journalism. All of these activities, together with the news dissemination activities as the core of the news activities, are the broad news activities. From the perspective of journalism, these activities constitute the main object of the study of journalism, news on different areas of activity, form different areas or different branches of journalism. For this, the paper proposes the cognitive model of the journalist on the journalism under newspaper industry transformation period that will promote the further development.

Spherical Near-Field - Far-Field Transformation for Quasi-Planar Antennas from Irregularly Spaced Data

An effective near-field - far-field (NF - FF) transformation with spherical scanning for quasi-planar antennas from irregularly spaced data is developed in this paper. Two efficient approaches for evaluating the regularly spaced spherical samples from the nonuniformly distributed ones are proposed and numerically compared. Both the approaches rely on a nonredundant sampling representation of the voltage measured by the probe, based on an oblate ellipsoidal modelling of the antenna under test. The former employs the singular value decomposition method to reconstruct the NF data at the points fixed by the nonredundant sampling representation and can be applied when the irregularly acquired samples lie on nonuniform parallels. The latter is based on an iterative technique and can be used also when such a hypothesis does not hold, but requires the existence of a biunique correspondence between the uniform and nonuniform samples, associ- ating at each uniform sampling point the nearest irregular one. Once the regularly spaced spherical samples have been recovered, the NF data needed by a probe compensated NF - FF transformation with spherical scanning are efficiently evaluated by using an optimal sampling interpolation algorithm. It is so possible to accurately compensate known posi- tioning errors in the NF - FF transformation with spherical scanning for quasi-planar antennas. Some numerical tests assessing the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed approaches are reported.

The Periodic Table of Elementary Particles for Baryonic Matter and Dark Matter: Upward-Going ANITA Events

This paper posits that the upward-going ANITA events are derived from the cosmic ray of the baryonic-dark matter (BDM) Higgs boson. In the extended standard model (ESM) for baryonic matter and dark matter, the spontaneous symmetry breaking through the Higgs mechanism for the symmetrical massless baryonic matter left-handed neutrinos and massless dark matter right-handed neutrinos produced massless baryonic matter left-handed neutrinos, sterile massive dark matter neutrinos, and the BDM Higgs boson. The BDM Higgs boson is the composite of the high-mass tau neutrino and the high-mass dark matter neutrino. During the passage through the high-density part of the Earth, the BDM Higgs boson is transformed into the oscillating BDM Higgs boson between the composite of the high-mass tau neutrino and the high-mass dark matter neutrino and the composite of the high-mass tau neutrino and the low-mass dark matter neutrino. The oscillating BDM Higgs boson decays into the high-mass tau neutrino with the extra energy and the low-mass dark matter neutrino (27 eV) in the low-density water-ice layer of the Earth. The high-mass tau neutrino is converted into ultra-high-energy tau neutrino which decays into tau lepton through the charged-current interactions, and tau lepton emerges from the surface of ice. Based on the periodic table of elementary particles, the calculated value for the high-mass tau neutrino with the extra energy is 0.47 EeV in good agreement with the observed 0.56 and 0.6 EeV. The periodic table of elementary particles for baryonic matter, dark matter, and gravity is based on the seven principal mass dimensional orbitals for stable baryonic matter leptons (electron and left-handed neutrinos), gauge bosons, gravity, and dark matter and the seven auxiliary mass dimensional orbitals for unstable leptons (muon and tau) and quarks, and calculates accurately the masses of all elementary particles and the cosmic rays by using only five known constants.

New Explicit Solitary Wave Solutions and Periodic Wave Solutions for the Generalized Coupled Hirota-Satsuma KdV System

In this paper, we study the generalized coupled Hirota Satsuma KdV system by using the new generalizedtransformation in homogeneous balance method. As a result, many explicit exact solutions, which contain new solitarywave solutions, periodic wave solutions, and the combined formal solitary wave solutions, and periodic wave solutions,are obtained.