气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究

汽车试验场作为汽车开展道路测试的重要场所,用于验证汽车产品的品质以及可靠性。除了场地道路外,气象条件作为汽车道路测试的重要一环,在《GB/T12534-1990汽车道路试验方法通则》中也有明确要求,如:试验时应是无雨无雾天气,相对湿度小于95%,气温0-40℃,风速不大于3m/s。同时气象条件也作为试验场道路管控的重要依据,实时风速、雨量、能见度等信息为场地管理者发布限速、限行、封场等通知提供必要参考依据,直接影响道路测试安全管控的及时性。因此,文章从气象观测场的建设、气象服务、异常天气道路管控等方面开展气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究。

Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area(city of over 5 million people):Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology

China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area.The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally visualized.China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and management.The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.

PRACTICE AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RECONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS AND GARDENS

In this paper,the author sums up some essential knowledge from the practiceabout rebuilding traditional buildings and gardens in which the author has been engagedrecently.The view points are that one should discard the dross and select the essential,re-tain the symbolic form,grasp the overall style,embody local characteristics and space outthe distance of time and space between the new and old buildings.Finally,the author con-siders that the traditional form of buildings should not be used indiscriminately at allplaces in modern times.

Non Destructive 3D, 4D Microscopy and Mineral Phase Characterization in Industrial Minerals, Composites to Construction Materials

Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionally prevented the observation of the same sample over time, under realistic three-dimensional geometries and in an environment representative of real-world operating conditions. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a rapidly emerging technique that enables non-destructive evaluation of buried structures within hard to soft materials in 3D, requiring little to no sample preparation. Furthermore in situ and 4D quantification of microstructural evolution under controlled environment as a function of time, temperature, chemistry or stress can be done repeatable on the same sample, using practical specimen sizes ranging from tens of microns to several cm diameter, with achievable imaging resolution from submicron to 50 nm. Many of these studies were reported using XRM in synchrotron beamlines. These include crack propagation on composite and construction materials; corrosion studies; microstructural changes during the setting of cement; flow studies within porous media to mention but a few.

秦岭山地民居墙体构造技术

中国传统民居建筑起源和发展于经济技术落后的农业和手工业社会,历经千百年来自然与社会变革的影响,逐步演变进化成为地域特征强烈的乡土居住建筑体系。从与资源和环境的关系来审示,传统民居具备结构简洁、就地取材和施工建造方便等优点;从与气候的关系来看,具有适应地区气候、冬暖夏凉的生态性能;从以人对居住的需求来看,能够满足基本的舒适和健康标准要求。目前我国每年乡镇新建住宅已逾10亿m2,应该将传统民居中的生态建筑经验在新建住宅中得以继承。本文针对传统民居的代表之一———秦岭山地夯土墙民居建筑墙体材料、裂缝、防水、稳定性等问题,通过实验室试验和理论分析,得出其构造技术体系上的一些量化结论和定性做法。这对有地域代表的民居给予了技术上的肯定,对于民居的建造具有指导意义(已用于当地民居建造),同时将为我国乡土民居相关设计标准的建立提供科学依据。

The Construction Method for Solving Radial Flow Problem through the Homogeneous Reservoir

On the basis of similar structure of solutions of ordinary differential equation (ODE) boundary value problem, the similar construction method was put forward by solving problems of fluid flow in porous media through the homogeneous reservoir. It is indicate that the pressure distribution of dimensionless reservoir and bottom hole in Laplace space, which take on the radial flow, also shows similar structure, and the internal relationship between the above solutions were illustrated in detail.

Methods and Paths for Rural Collectively Owned Profit-oriented Construction Land Entering into Trading Market

On the basis of analyzing cases of existing rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,this paper put forward several thoughts,introduced methods and paths for rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,including reforming rural collective land property right system,cultivating new rural collective economy organizations,helping them to become market entities; improving various legal systems,making clear range of construction land entering into trading market; formulating scientific benefit allocation mechanism; establishing fair and transparent decision making mechanism.

Properties of Rapid Hardening Controlled Low Strength Material Made of Recycled Fine Aggregate from Urban Red Brick Construction Waste

In some cases of emergency backfill engineering projects, traditional backfill materials cannot meet the requirements of fast construction due to their long curing time. This study presents a new kind of rapid hardening controlled low strength material, which utilizes both rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement and recycled fine aggregate from urban red brick construction waste. Totally, sixteen mixtures were prepared for the experiment with different cement-to-sand ratios and water-to-solid ratios. The flowability and bleeding rate of fresh mixture were measured to evaluate its workability, and the compressive strength of hardened mixture was tested to evaluate its rapid hardening and mechanical properties. Test results indicate that rapid hardening controlled low strength material containing recycled fine aggregate from urban red brick construction waste can achieve the desirable flowability, but the bleeding rate increases with the increase of flowability. In addition, 2-hour compressive strength can reach 0.08 - 0.12 MPa, and 4-hour compressive strength is 0.32 - 1.54 MPa, which can meet the requirements of emergency backfill construction. At last, based on the derived compressive strength, a fitting model for predicting compressive strength evolution of this new rapid hardening backfill material is developed, which fits accurately with these experimental data.

Application of Farming Culture in the Construction of Eco-Park —A Case Study of Baiyunzhai Demonstration Eco-park in Chongqing City

Definitions and features of eco-park and theme park were introduced as well as their differences, it was proposed that by applying cultural themes suited to regional ecological resources in the construction of eco-park, the eco-park could achieve not only desired ecological benefits, but also social and economic benefits, and the optimal comprehensive benefits. Design of Baiyunzhai Demonstration Eco-park was taken for an example, integration of eco-park and farming culture was confirmed as the nature, principles of "adaptation to actual conditions, amended protection and construction of plant system" proposed, three functional areas of "Colorful Forest Belt, Yiyun Health Maintenance Zone, Lakefront Meditation Zone" are given on the basis of actual terrains, planning highlights and desired landscape effects expounded to promote the value of regional cultures in Chongqing by building Baiyunzhai Eco-park.

Melody Generator: A Device for Algorithmic Music Construction

This article describes the development of an application for generating tonal melodies. The goal of the project is to ascertain our current understanding of tonal music by means of algorithmic music generation. The method followed consists of four stages: 1) selection of music-theoretical insights, 2) translation of these insights into a set of principles, 3) conversion of the principles into a computational model having the form of an algorithm for music generation, 4) testing the “music” generated by the algorithm to evaluate the adequacy of the model. As an example, the method is implemented in Melody Generator, an algorithm for generating tonal melodies. The program has a structure suited for generating, displaying, playing and storing melodies, functions which are all accessible via a dedicated interface. The actual generation of melodies, is based in part on constraints imposed by the tonal context, i.e. by meter and key, the settings of which are controlled by means of parameters on the interface. For another part, it is based upon a set of construction principles including the notion of a hierarchical organization, and the idea that melodies consist of a skeleton that may be elaborated in various ways. After these aspects were implemented as specific sub-algorithms, the device produces simple but well-structured tonal melodies.

应用Charleston×东农594重组自交系群体构建SSR大豆遗传图谱

以美国半矮杆大豆品种Charleston为母本,东北农业大学高蛋白大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:10代重组自交系的154个株系为试验材料,利用164个在亲本之间表现多态的SSR引物对群体进行了分析,构建了一张大豆遗传图谱。该大豆遗传图谱总长度1913.5cM,标记间平均距离为11.89cM。每个连锁群长度变动在0.4～309.5cM之间,连锁群上的标记数在2～28个之间。各连锁群上的SSR标记并不是均匀分布的,其中A1、C2、D1a三个连锁群存在标记密集区。与国内外已构建完成的5张大豆遗传图谱比较表明,该图谱与国外的大豆公共遗传图谱对应性较好。

悬索桥主缆施工控制与监测

分析悬索桥主缆施工过程中测量数据的影响因素及误差来源,介绍测量方法的应对调整方案。主缆线形基准索股测量无法使用几何水准,采取先进高精度测量全站仪器、只能单向三角测量,一台全站仪器进行单向三角测量如果出现粗差无法校对,同时测量的基准索股对温度变化、风力的大小、塔位的偏移等因素十分敏感,因此对测量方案进行调整,选择在无风或风力很小、温度稳定的夜间进行,用两台高精度的自动跟踪全站仪同步单向三角测量,使得测量任务能在短时间完成,满足悬索桥主缆施工控制精度要求。

中国远程与高等教育印象——访我国高等教育学泰斗潘懋元先生

潘懋元(1920-)教授,新中国成立之后我国高等教育学学科建立的倡 导者和奠基者之一,曾任厦门大学副校长。潘懋元先生现任全国高等教育研究会名誉 理事长、中国高等教育学会顾问、全国高等教育管理研究会顾问。 开放与远程教育研究惟有置于大教育背景之下才能获得科学发展的更大空间。对 这一宏观问题思考了许久的我在主编的授权下决意请潘先生担任本刊顾问委员会成 员,当然还包括教育学其他学科领域的顶级专家。2004年元旦前后,在没有任何人牵线 联系的情况下我试着与潘先生通了电话。先生听了本刊新的办刊思路之后回答说:《开放教育研究》这本杂志,我不 仅读过,而且感觉办得还很不错!本以为先生对远程教育并非了解的我,即刻没了与大家交流的距离。先生继续说: 开放与远程教育的前景我是十分看好的,我所带的博士生中就有专门研究网络远程教育现象的。对于一位未曾谋 过面的中国高等教育学泰斗,能在不足十分钟的通话中就欣然接受邀请,是我始料未及的。 2004年10月25日下午,在先生的学术秘书、博士生吴玫小姐的陪同下,我们准时来到潘老寓所的书斋就读者 关心的若干问题进行了一次面对面的谈话。

Assessing the influence of highway and high-speed railway construction on local climate using Landsat images in karst areas

Large-scale transportation infrastructure construction in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of Southwest China requires estimation method for better project design.This research was carried out on a four-lane highway(the Guilin-Guiyang highway,G76)and a two-lane highspeed railway(the Guilin-Guiyang high-speed railway,GGHSR)in karst areas in Guizhou and Guangxi provinces.The highway and high-speed railway were constructed in the 2010 s and covered by Landsat images whose multispectral information could be used for research purposes.In this study,the severity of the impact and the CO2 emissions from the G76 and GGHSR construction were evaluated.Landsat images and field meteorological measurements were applied to calculate the surface functional parameters(surface temperature and surface wetness)and heat fluxes(latent,sensible and ground heat flux)before and during the highway and high-speed railway construction;the amount of CO2 emissions during the G76 and GGHSR construction were determined by using budget sheets,which record the detail consumptions of materials and energy.The results showed that the decrease of water evaporation from the highway and high-speed railway construction can reach up to 26.4 m3 and 20.1 m3 per kilometer,which corresponds to an average decrease in the vegetation cooling effect of 18.0 MWh per day per highway kilometer and 13.7 MWh per day per high-speed railway kilometer,respectively.At the meantime,the average CO2 emission densities from the G76 and GGHSR construction can reach up to 24813.7 and 36921.1 t/km,respectively.This study implied that extensive line constructions have a significant impact on the local climate and the energy balance,and it is evident that selecting and planting appropriate plant species can compensate for the adverse effects of line constructions in karst mountain regions.

Empowering the Future: Exploring the Construction and Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium element has attracted remarkable attraction for energy storage devices, over the past 30 years. Lithium is a light element and exhibits the low atomic number 3, just after hydrogen and helium in the periodic table. The lithium atom has a strong tendency to release one electron and constitute a positive charge, as Li . Initially, lithium metal was employed as a negative electrode, which released electrons. However, it was observed that its structure changed after the repetition of charge-discharge cycles. To remedy this, the cathode mainly consisted of layer metal oxide and olive, e.g., cobalt oxide, LiFePO4, etc., along with some contents of lithium, while the anode was assembled by graphite and silicon, etc. Moreover, the electrolyte was prepared using the lithium salt in a suitable solvent to attain a greater concentration of lithium ions. Owing to the lithium ions’ role, the battery’s name was mentioned as a lithium-ion battery. Herein, the presented work describes the working and operational mechanism of the lithium-ion battery. Further, the lithium-ion batteries’ general view and future prospects have also been elaborated.

Creep testing and viscous behavior research on carbon constructional quality steel under high temperature

Creep tests under at a certain temperature and different stress levels were performed on two carbon constructional quality steels at a certain stress level and different temperatures,and their creep curves at high temperature were obtained based on analyzing the testing data.Taking 45 steel at a certain temperature and stress as the example,the integral creep constitutive equation and the differential stress-strain constitutive relationship were established based on the relevant rheological model,and the integral core function was also obtained.Simultaneously,the viscous coefficients denoting the viscous behavior in visco-plastic constitutive equation were determined by taking use of the creep testing data.Then the viscous coefficients of three carbon steels(20 steel,35 steel and 45 steel) were compared and analyzed.The results show that the viscosity is different due to different materials at the same temperature and stress.

The Study on Protection and Construction Mode of Urban Ecologically Sensitive Areas

The paper had analyzed the necessity and feasibility for the protection and utilization of urban ecologically sensitive areas, proposed planning urban ecologically sensitive areas reasonably and combining ecological protection with development construction. Guiding the healthy and ordered development of urban spaces was the key part and important approach to realize ecological cities. The guiding thought for development construction of ecological cities had been discussed, which was conducting laddered development according to the location and coverage of urban ecologically sensitive areas and protection grades of these sensitive areas. Then, it had proposed four kinds of protection and construction modes, which were tourism leisure green lands, relevant expositions, industrial areas and new city groups, and which had been analyzed by combining with successful cases, so as to provide feasible win-win development strategies of ecology and economy for the planning of urban ecologically sensitive areas in the future.

一带悬挑结构的计算分析与补强设计

哈药六厂某厂房外横墙因功能调整需由原设计的 4 90mm厚砖墙改为 6 2 0mm厚砖墙 ,为使本工程的外观造型与其近邻办公楼相协调 ,在该外横墙外侧需较原设计增设干挂石材幕墙 ,由于填充墙加厚及干挂石材幕墙等新增荷载在原设计中未予考虑 ,需对带悬挑的预应力边框架进行核算与补强加固。经核算 ,框架柱及框架梁的非悬挑区段在荷载增大后仍能满足相关设计标准的要求 ,只需对框架梁的悬挑区段进行补强加固。提出了通过在基础悬挑梁和一层顶悬挑梁间后置钢筋混凝土墙形成带边框深梁以增大悬挑结构抗力 ,减小悬挑结构裂缝和变形的加固思想和方法。

Polluter-Pays Principle Applied to Construction and Demolition Debris

The research focused on the analysis of construction and demolition debris in a sample Brazilian city with the objective to propose a management scheme tailored to private initiative intervention. The debris was found to be produced at a rate of 1.55 kg per person per day for a total of 5177 tons per month. The composition report showed 75% material reusable for construction purposes, 15% material recyclable through reverse logistics and 10% refuse to be disposed of at landfills. The study developed legal and managerial instruments that stimulate private operators to achieve landfill diversions in the order of 90% of this waste. The arguments were supported by a flow diagram that indicates the correct destination of all waste items and an economic balance of private waste movement. Proactive legal scriptures were sketched out that can assist the local administration in setting the timeframe for reaching the diversion target.

Analysis of Textbook "Garden Plant Protection" Construction in Agricultural and Forestry Universities or Higher Vocational Colleges

The survey of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' was introduced in this study,and the necessity of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' construction in agricultural and forestry universities or higher vocational colleges was also analyzed.Aimed at the status of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' construction in agricultural and forestry universities or higher vocational colleges,the corresponding ideas for its construction were put forward.