Study on Bacteriostatic Properties of Piroctone Olamine in Commonly Used Surfactants Systems

Piroctone olamine(OCT) was used as the main bacteriostatic component, the inhibition of OCT in different kinds and mass concentrations of surfactants were studied. Six surfactants commonly used in personal care products, i.e. sodium laureth sulfate(AES), cocamidopropyl betaine(CAB 35), sodium lauroyl sarcosinate(LS-30), sodium lauroyl glutamate(ULS-30S), alkyl glycoside(APG), cocamide methyl MEA(CMMEA),were used. The results showed that the bacteriostatic of OCT decreased with the increase of AES, which was suggested ≤ 5%. OCT has good bacteriostatic performance in the systems of amino acid surfactants and high dosage of amphoteric surfactants, 5% LS 30 and ≥ 10% CAB 35 was recommended. High dosage of nonionic surfactant could interfere the bacteriostatic performance of OCT, the recommended dosage was ≤ 2%.In addition, OCT has good bacteriostatic performance against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans when pH was controlled less than 5.5.

Bacteriostatic Effects of Hyaluronan-Based Bioresorbable Membrane

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of bacteriostatic effects of hyaluronan-based bioresorbable membrane (HA/CMC) on selected major bacterial strains in digestive organs. Methods: We firstly evaluated the growth inhibition effect of HA/CMC for E. coli and S. aureus by determining the optical density (OD)650 in the incubation medium. At second, to determine the viable counts of bacteria, total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured with five groups;several concentrations of HA/CMC and control. Results: OD curve gradually elevated and reached to plateau at 4 hours in E. coli. and 6 hours in S. aureus. After reaching plateau, the growth inhibition of both strains was statistically significantly correlated to the concentrations of HA/CMC. The ATP productions had statistically significant differences at 6 hours after incubation and inhibited in dose-dependence of a well-dissolved HA/CMC. Conclusion: HA/CMC may have dose-dependently bacteriostatic effects on S. aureus and E. coli.

In Vitro Bacteriostatic Activity of Five Chinese Herbal Medicines against Two Common Pathogens of Scylla serrata

[ Objective] To investigate the in vitro bacteriostatic activity of Chinese herbal medicines （ rhubarb, Baikal skullcap root, honeysuckle, eucommia bark and Chinese date） and their compounds against two common pathogens of Scylla serrata （ Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila）. [Method] Drug sensitivity of the bacteria was determined by paper method. Minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） were determined by dilution method and plate method, respectively. [Result] The bacteriostatic order of single medicines on V. parahaemolyticus were Baikal skullcap root 〉 honeysuckle 〉 rhubarb 〉 Chinese date 〉 eucommia bark. The bacteriostatic order of the compounds were A =B = C 〉 D. Among these medicines, the Baikal skullcap root and the compounds A, B, C and D had better bactericidal effects on V. parahaemolyticus. The bacteriostatic order of single medicines on A. hydrophila was rhubarb 〉 Baikal skullcap root 〉 honeysuckle 〉 Chinese date 〉 eucommia bark. The bacteriostatic order of the compounds were A 〉 B 〉 C = D, while the rhubarb and the compound C had better bactericidal effects on A. hydrophila. [ Conclusion] The Chinese herbal medicines including rhubarb, Baikal skullcap root, honeysuckle, eucommia bark and Chinese date have good bacteriostatic effects on V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila, and they can be used to treat bacterial infection in Scylla serrata.

Bacteriostatic Effect of Extracts from 10 Kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials and Garlic on Pectobacterium chrysanthemi

Pectobacterium chrysanthemi is one of the main pathogens of soft rot disease of Amorphophallus konjac.The bacteriostatic effect of extracts from 10 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine and garlic on Pectobacterium chrysanthemi was studied in this experiment.The results showed that the extracts of Coptis chinensis,garlic,Scutellaria baicalensis,Mume Fructus and Bupleurum had significant bacteriostatic effect.Among them,Coptis chinensis and garlic had the best bacteriostatic effect on Pectobacterium chrysanthemi,and the diameter of inhibition zone was 2.27 and 2.19 cm,respectively,followed by Scutellaria baicalensis,with the diameter of inhibition zone of 1.68 cm.The extracts of Coptis chinensis,Scutellaria baicalensis and garlic with good bacteriostatic effect were diluted by double dilution method,and the bacteriostatic effect was determined.The results showed that 2-fold dilution of Coptis chinensis and 2-fold and 4-fold dilution of Scutellaria baicalensis had significant bacteriostatic effect,but the bacteriostatic effect of garlic extract was not obvious after dilution.

曲酸对常见食品污染菌的抑制作用

分别采用分光光度法、菌体量法以及滤纸圆片法系统比较了曲酸对5种细菌、2种酵母、2种丝状真菌的生长抑制作用。实验结果表明,虽然0 5 %曲酸基本上不影响霉菌的生长,但对于食品中其他常见污染菌有较好的抑制效果,尤其是对于革兰氏阴性细菌的抑菌效果显著。而且由于曲酸的热稳定性好,经12 1℃、30min热处理仍有良好的抑菌效果,并且在中性条件下抑制供试细菌和酵母菌的能力强于苯甲酸钠。

湘西虎杖抑菌成分提取及其抑菌活性研究初报

以乙醇作溶剂,对湘西虎杖抑菌活性物提取条件进行研究,通过抑菌实验得到最佳提取条件为A3B2C3,即90%乙醇、60℃、3h, 该条件下的提取物对细菌生长的抑制活性最强,但对酵母菌无明显的效果,对三种受试细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.25～ 0.5g/ml. 提取物经85℃、100℃,15 min 或pH2～8处理后仍具有较强的抑菌活性,其乙酸乙酯萃取物对三个菌都有较强的抑菌活性.

Application of Dodecyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride in Bacteriostatic Laundry Detergent

Bacteriostatic laundry detergent was prepared with application of dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227). In accordance with relevant standards applied in Chinese detergent industry, the effect of 1227 on sensory and physiochemical quality indices, detergency and foaming performance of laundry detergent were comprehensively investigated,and antimicrobial performance as well as practical application performance including skin irritation of laundry detergent formulated with 1227 was emphatically examined and compared with that of market product with similar functions. Results indicated that, in formulation without anionic surfactant, all indices of self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent can meet requirements specified in relevant standards. The foaming power of self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent was lower and easier to rinse than bacteriostatic laundry detergent product in market. Using aqueous solution of 1% mass fraction of self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent containing 2%of 1227, the antibacterial rate for 20 min on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus separately reached 100%, which was much better than that of the bacteriostatic laundry detergent product from market. The action effectiveness of the self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent can be maintained for a longer time period and shows no obvious irritation effect to human skin.

玉米麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖复合纳米载体负载香草醛及其抑菌性能研究

本研究构建了负载香草醛的玉米麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖(Arabinoxylan,AX)与玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)复合纳米载体,通过多糖与蛋白质的相互作用稳定体系,提高香草醛的稳定性并探讨了复合纳米载体对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。用80%和90%乙醇沉淀得到两个玉米麸皮粗多糖组分,通过阴离子交换柱纯化后,得到四个组分(F80-1、F80-2、F90-1及F90-2),采用气相色谱法鉴定了各组分的单糖组成。结果表明,各组分阿拉伯糖和木糖总含量分别为67.41%、76.12%、77.16%和84.89%,四个组分复合纳米载体对香草醛的包封率分别达到了81.18%、69.36%、86.80%和88.48%,荧光光谱法和差示扫描量热法(DSC)验证了香草醛在复合纳米载体中的包埋效果及分子间相互作用,抑菌试验结果表明,F80-2制备的复合纳米载体抑制单增李斯特菌效果最好,F90-2复合纳米载体抑制大肠杆菌效果最好。

抗菌防霉聚烯烃塑料的制造

用离子交换法将Ag、Cu、Zn等杀菌防霉的金属离子附在沸石载体上,将此沸石磨碎成<10μm的微细粉末,并进行表面活化包裹处理。将此表面活化的抗菌防霉沸石微细粉末混合在聚烯烃树脂中加工,或将该活化的抗菌防霉沸石微细粉末与部分树脂制成抗菌母料,再将抗菌母料与聚烯烃树脂混合加工,制成各种抗菌防霉的聚烯烃塑料制品。

纤维素酶辅助提取马齿苋总黄酮工艺优化及抑菌分析研究

用纤维素酶处理马齿苋,利用响应面设计,从纤维素酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH值四个因素优化纤维素酶处理后的黄酮提取率。对马齿苋提取物粗粉中的总黄酮进行抑菌试验。结果表明:脱脂后的马齿苋经测定黄酮类化合物含量为5.32%。最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃,酶的添加量0.6%,酶解时间1.8 h,酶解的pH值4.5,所得黄酮提取率6.09%,与未经酶处理相比,提取率提高1.14倍。对验证试验的黄酮粗粉进行抑菌试验,表明对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果较好。马齿苋经过纤维素酶酶解后,黄酮分子从细胞内溶出,提高马齿苋黄酮的提取率,提取的黄酮粗粉有抑菌活性,本研究为马齿苋黄酮的分离纯化、功能性研究提供支持。

HPLC-DAD法测定康复新液中10种抑菌剂含量

目的:建立同时测定康复新液中10种抑菌剂的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法:采用Thermo Acclaim TM 120(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%冰醋酸-0.02 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min^(-1),扫描波长为200~700 nm。结果:在相应的浓度范围内,10种抑菌剂质量浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好,r≥0.9998;精密度试验良好,RSD在0.33%~0.38%;重复性试验与稳定性试验的RSD<0.5%,加标回收范围为97.4%~101.1%,RSD在0.4%~1.8%之间。按拟定方法测试样品苯甲酸含量在0.15%~0.34%范围,山梨酸含量在0~0.48%范围,羟苯乙酯含量在0~0.02%范围、羟苯丙酯含量再0~0.02%范围。结论:该方法灵敏快速、专属性强、准确度高,可用于康复新液中抑菌剂的含量测定。

当归内生真菌分离及其次级代谢产物活性评价

目的分离当归内生真菌并对其次级代谢产物进行生物活性评价。方法以当归及其根际土壤为材料,选用6种培养基采用组织匀浆法分离内生菌,采用96孔板法测定次级代谢物的抑菌活性,紫外分光光度法评价4种酶抑制活性。结果从当归的根、茎、叶及土壤中共分离纯化得到153株真菌,对腺苷脱氨酶、β-内酰胺酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶和酪氨酸酶有一定抑制活性样品分别为45.83%、52.78%、51.39%、55.56%;对4种指示菌有广谱抑制作用样品为1.39%,菌株6B对大肠埃希菌ATCC25922、ATCC35218的最低抑菌浓度为62.5、7.81μg/mL。结论当归内生真菌资源丰富,是活性化合物发现的良好来源,具有一定研究价值。

低温等离子体活化溶液在抑菌及清除生物被膜中的研究进展

细菌通过群体感应(QS)分泌信号分子和细胞外聚合物(EPS),使细菌聚集和黏附到生物和非生物表面,在一定条件下形成抗性强、危害性大的生物被膜。目前,生物被膜在医疗、食品和农业等领域中的危害日益严重。尤其是一些致病菌不仅对人类健康构成威胁,甚至会造成较大的社会经济损失。一些传统消毒、杀菌方法难以将其彻底清除,且存在二次污染风险。生物被膜在不同介质表面的强黏附性是其难以被清除的主要原因之一。因此,采用高活性的溶液进行浸泡、清洗是去除生物被膜的有效策略。低温等离子体活化水中的活性氧(ROS)和活性氮(RNS)能破坏细菌的细胞壁、肽聚糖结构,有效抑制微生物黏附和聚集。低温等离子体活化水作为一种高效消毒抑菌溶液,被广泛应用于生物医学、食品去污和种子萌发领域。但低温等离子体活化水中活性物质易消散,难以长期贮藏,导致其抑菌性能减弱。近年来,通过向低温等离子体活化水中添加不同介质或联合其他技术制备的低温等离子体活化溶液,有效延长了活性物质的衰退,使其逐渐成为消毒、抑菌研究的新方向。本文综述了低温等离子体活化水和低温等离子体活化溶液的杀菌作用机理及其对生物被膜的清除效果,重点介绍了生物被膜的形成过程。旨在为环境、医疗及食品行业的生物被膜清除和控制提供理论参考。

生防放线菌Sc-7的分离、鉴定、抑菌活性及其对水稻的促生作用

为了筛选出能够显著抑制水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (以下简称Xoo)和水稻细菌性条斑病菌X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (以下简称Xoc)的放线菌,本研究从不同植物根际采集土壤,采用稀释涂布法和平板划线法共分离得到60株放线菌,通过共培养法和牛津杯法筛选得到对Xoo和Xoc具有显著抑制作用的1株放线菌Sc-7。依据形态和显微结构观察、生理生化试验和多基因聚类分析,构建系统发育进化树,鉴定菌株Sc-7为淡紫灰链霉菌Streptomyces lavendulae。盆栽防效试验结果表明:先喷洒菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液(2倍),再接种病原菌对水稻白叶枯病和水稻细菌性条斑病的防治效果分别为74.57%和65.33%,并且病斑长度明显变短。Xoo和Xoc病菌经过菌株Sc-7发酵滤液处理后,细胞大面积溶胀、皱缩和穿孔,细胞膜通透性增加,胞外多糖分泌量减少。浸种促生试验结果表明:不同浓度的菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液皆能促进水稻种子的芽和根生长。与无菌水对照相比,菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液10倍和50倍处理,使芽长分别增加32.79%和37.70%,使根长分别增加75.00%和97.00%。试管促生试验结果表明:菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液10倍和50倍处理,使水稻幼苗株高增长幅度分别为16.68%和10.53%。盐胁迫缓解试验结果表明:菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液10倍处理,在一定程度上能够缓解水稻盐胁迫后的症状。上述结果表明,菌株Sc-7具有显著的促生和防病潜能,有望开发成为一种生物农药和生物肥料。

三种植物精油和纯露在沐浴露和洗手液中的抑菌抗氧化性能研究

以牛至、迷迭香和艾草的精油和纯露为抑菌抗氧化成分,添加到沐浴露和洗手液中,通过滤纸片法和抑菌率法与添加传统化学抑菌抗氧化剂的产品进行抑菌性能的比较。采用DPPH法、水杨酸法、普鲁士蓝法体外抗氧化实验,比较各产品的抗氧化能力。结果表明:牛至纯露加质量分数在5%~15%,迷迭香纯露加质量分数在1%~15%,艾草纯露加质量分数在1%~15%时对绿脓假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌三种菌为高度敏感。抑菌率实验和现场手消毒实验结果表明添加植物精油和纯露的洗手液及沐浴露产品和添加化学抑菌抗氧化剂的产品对三种供试菌种均有显著的抑菌作用。抗氧化性测定实验结果表明添加醋酸氯己定的沐浴露产品清除DPPH·能力和还原力最强,添加植物精油和纯露的沐浴露产品具有与化学抑菌抗氧化剂沐浴露产品相当的抗氧化能力。添加0.4%的牛至精油或迷迭香精油的洗手液产品抗氧化性强于添加化学抑菌抗氧化剂的洗手液产品。该研究结果可为企业添加牛至、迷迭香及艾草的精油和纯露生产绿色日化产品提供重要的参考依据,为减少日化产品中化学抑菌抗氧化剂的毒性、致癌等危害、发挥天然抑菌抗氧化剂高效抑菌和低毒性等优势提供支持。

基于抑菌实验和网络药理学探讨D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇对白色念珠菌的抑制作用

目的:采用抑菌实验研究蛇床子-冰片药对成分中的D-柠檬烯及2-茨醇的体外抗白色念珠菌作用,并运用网络药理学预测D-柠檬烯和2-茨醇治疗念珠菌病的核心靶点和通路。方法:以白色念珠菌为研究对象,K-B纸片扩散法分别测定0.5、1.0、1.5 mg的D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇、制霉菌素的药液抑菌圈直径;采用试管双倍稀释法和棋盘法,测定D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)以及两两联用的MIC,计算出联合抑菌分数(FIC)。通过Pubchem、SwissTargetPrediction数据库预测D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇的有效靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM数据库检索念珠菌病相关的疾病靶点;运用Venny软件获得两种化学成分和念珠菌病的共同靶点;运用Cytoscape 3.9. 0软件构建“成分-靶点-疾病”网络;利用STRING数据库构建蛋白互作PPI网络;利用R软件进行GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析。结果:D-柠檬烯的MIC为5 mg/mL,2-茨醇的MIC为2.5 mg/mL。D-柠檬烯与2-茨醇联用的FIC指数为0.75,呈相加作用。网络药理学筛选得到两种成分相关作用靶点152个,疾病靶点893个,两者交集靶点为24个;网络拓扑分析得到核心靶点为肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)、雌激素受体(ESR1)等;KEGG分析得到核心通路为C型凝集素受体信号通路(C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway)、Fc epsilon RI信号通路(Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway)、催乳素信号通路(prolactin signaling pathway)等。结论:D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇对白色念珠菌均有抑制作用,且2种组分药物联合使用具有一定的协同作用。网络药理学预测初步提示D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇可能通过作用于TNF、PPARG、ESR1等核心靶点调控C型凝集素受体信号通路(C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway)、Fc epsilon RI信号通路(Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway)等以治疗念珠菌病。

预防刺参腐皮综合征复方中药的筛选及体内药效评价

为开发防治刺参腐皮综合征的复方中药,从14种中药中筛选出对灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)有明显抑制作用的单味中药,并通过正交实验确定最佳抗菌复方FF-Z(诃子﹕五倍子﹕穿心莲﹕川芎=15 g﹕2 g﹕10 g﹕5 g)。在饲料中分别添加10、20、30和40 g/kg的复方FF-Z作为试验组,不含复方FF-Z的饲料为对照组,并以含恩诺沙星粉20 g/kg的饲料为药物对照组,连续投喂刺参10d,继而用终浓度为10^(7) CFU/mL的灿烂弧菌进行浸浴攻毒,以观察预防保护效果。结果显示,灿烂弧菌对复方FF-Z极敏感,抑菌圈直径可达(23.10±0.62)mm,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)值分别为7.81和15.63 mg/mL;与阴性对照组相比,复方FF-Z各剂量组刺参的SOD、ACP和AKP活性显著提高,且优于药物对照组。在灿烂弧菌感染后,复方FF-Z各剂量组处理的刺参发病时间比阳性对照组推迟2d,其中复方FF-Z 20 g/kg组、FF-Z 30 g/kg组和FF-Z 40 g/kg组刺参的20d发病率分别为22.08%、22.14%和14.58%,显著低于阳性对照组的84.45%。组织病理学观察结果表明,添加30 g/kg复方FF-Z的饲料能够有效减轻灿烂弧菌入侵引起的刺参组织炎症反应,从而起到保护作用。研究证明,复方FF-Z能够显著提高刺参的免疫和抗病力,对灿烂弧菌引起的腐皮综合征具有良好的预防保护效果,能延缓该病的发病进程并降低发病率。

乳酸菌生物膜的形成、特性及应用研究

大多数乳酸菌作为益生菌被人们熟知并广泛应用于食品领域。生物膜是细菌应对不利环境的自然生长状态。而近些年的相关研究揭示了乳酸菌生物膜的成膜规律和优良特性,也初步探究了乳酸菌生物膜在生产中的应用。为进一步调控和利用乳酸菌生物膜,对乳酸菌生物膜的深入研究和理解十分必要。文章综述了乳酸菌生物膜的形成、细胞黏附胞外聚合物在生物膜形成中的作用,以及乳酸菌与酵母菌的混菌生物膜形成和酵母-乳酸菌相互作用,介绍了乳酸菌生物膜在抗逆、抑菌、食品生产、人体健康等方面的应用,以期为人们了解乳酸菌生物膜和对其进行更深入的研究和应用提供帮助。

一种氧化锌复合物抗菌纺织纤维材料制备及性能测试

为降低抗菌材料生物毒性,提高其抗菌性能,本试验先通过原位还原法制备氧化锌复合物,并以该复合物作为抑菌剂,结合聚酯纤维无纺布制备一种抗菌纺织纤维材料,并研究其性能。试验结果表明,当氧化锌复合物中Cu含量在4.5%以上时,抗菌纺织纤维材料抑菌率基本达到99%,抗菌性能良好;在经过50次2 g/L的AATCC 1993标准洗涤剂洗涤后,抗菌纺织纤维材料抑菌率为97.6%,耐水洗性能良好;在经过12 h、24 h细胞培养后,抗菌纺织纤维材料的细胞相对存活率分别是86.6%、85.1%,生物相容性良好。综上,该抗菌纺织纤维材料综合性能良好,具备应用价值。