Preparation and Characterization of Lignosulfonate Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Application in Improving Ultraviolet Aging Resistance for Bitumen

In order to develop economically anti-ultraviolet(UV) aging additives to bitumen and extend the comprehensive utilization of lignin materials, lignosulfonate(LS) was selected to intercalate into layered double hydroxides(LDHs), then the LS intercalated LDHs(LS-LDHs) were applied to improve UV aging resistance of bitumen. With the characterization of X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), LS was successfully intercalated into the galleries of LDHs. The ultraviolet and visible(UV-vis) absorbance curves showed LS-LDHs had excellent UV absorptive ability from 200 to 400 nm. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) indicated LS-LDHs could have a good thermal stability during the processing of bitumen. Compared with the LDHs, the LS-LDHs exhibited better performance in UV aging resistance of bitumen.

Catalytic depolymerization of calcium lignosulfonate by NiMgFeO_x derived from sub-micron sized NiMgFe hydrotalcite prepared by introducing hydroxyl compounds

A new method for regulating the synthesis of Ni Mg Fe hydrotalcites(NMF LDHs) with the addition of hydroxyl compounds was proposed. A series of NMF LDHs were prepared by the above method, and then were calcined to obtain the Ni Mg FeOx(NMFOx) samples. The NMFOxsamples were characterized by XRD,SEM, TG-DTG, XPS and CO2-TPD, respectively. The catalytic performance of NMFOxfor depolymerizing calcium lignosulfonate(CLS) was evaluated by hydrothermal reaction. The results showed that the addition of hydroxyl compounds favored reducing the particle sizes of NMF LDHs. For the depolymerization of CSL, the yield of liquid product increased from 45% to 75.8% with the addition of NMFOx-ethanol(NMFOxET). The liquid products were mainly phenolics, aromatics, ketones and esters. The total selectivity of oxy-containing compounds was over 90.6%, among them, the phenolics were approximately 35.2%. The valence of Ni and Fe, crystalline phase and basicity almost remained unchanged. The NMFOx-ET samples were recycled for the depolymerization of CLS, moreover, the NMFOx-ET samples had high activity and stability after 4 cycles.

Hemoglobin-biocatalyzed Synthesis of Conducting Molecular Complex of Polyaniline and Lignosulfonate

A new biocatalyst route for the synthesis of a conducting polyaniline （PANI）/ lignosulfonate （LGS） complex was presented.Four different catalysts such as hemoglobin （Hb）,5,10,15,20-tetrakis （meso-hydroxyphenyl） porphyrin,iron （II） tetrasulfophthalocyanine and ferric chloride were used to polymerize aniline in the presence of a natural polyelectrolytes template LGS.The experimental results show that Hb is an effective catalyst in this case and the synthesis is simple,and the conditions are mild in that the polymerization may be carried out in lower pH （1.0-4.0） buffered solution and optimal pH of 2.0.Varying concentrations of aniline,LGS and H2O2 in feed the favorable conditions for the production of PANI were determined.UV-vis absorption,FTIR,elemental analysis,conductivity,cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analyses confirm the formation of thermally stable and electroactive PANI.

Study on the catalytic degradation of sodium lignosulfonate to aromatic aldehydes over nano-CuO:Process optimization and reaction kinetics

As one of the few renewable aromatic resources,the research of depolymerization of lignin into highvalue chemicals has attracted extensive attention in recent years.Catalytic wet aerobic oxidation(CWAO)is an effective technology to convert lignin like sodium lignosulfonate(SL),a lignin derivative,into aromatic aldehydes such as vanillin and syringaldehyde.However,how to improve the yield of aromatic aldehyde and conversion efficiency is still a challenge,and many operating conditions that significantly affect the yield of these aromatic compounds have rarely been investigated systematically.In this work,we adopted the stirred tank reactor(STR)for the CWAO process with nano-CuO as catalyst to achieve the conversion of SL into vanillin and syringaldehyde.The effect of operating conditions including reaction time,oxygen partial pressure,reaction temperature,SL concentration,rotational speed,catalyst amount,and NaOH concentration on the yield of single phenolic compound was systematically investigated.The results revealed that all these operating conditions exhibit a significant effect on the aromatic aldehyde yield.Therefore,they should be regulated in an optimal value to obtain high yield of these aldehydes.More importantly,the reaction kinetics of the lignin oxidation was explored.This work could provide basic data for the optimization and design of industrial operation of lignin oxidation.

Effects of Calcium Lignosulfonate(CaLS)on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Antioxidant Function of Meat Duck

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of calcium lignosulfonate(CaLS)on feed processing performance,growth performance,slaughter performance and antioxidant function of cherry valley duck.[Method]A total of 48010-day-old cherry valley ducks were selected and randomly divided into four treatments,10 replicates each treatment and 12 meat ducks each replicate(half male and half female).The ducks in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed with the basal diet adding 0.2%,0.4%and 0.6%CaLS,respetively.The trial lasted 28 d.[Result](1)CaLS significantly reduced feed pulverization rate of meat duck(F<0.05),and significantly increased PDI and starch gelatinization degree(F<0.05);adding CaLS had no significant impact on the processing cost(F>0.05),but the granulation electric charge per ton feed could be reduced by 1.06 yuan.(2)CaLS had no significant effect on growth performance,slaughter performance and organ index of meat duck(Q0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in serum GSH-Px,T-SOD,T-AOC activities and MDA content of three CaLS groups(F>0.05).[Conclusion]CaLS could improve the processing quality of meat duck feed and reduce the processing cost,hut could not improve the growth performance,slaughter performance and antioxidant function of meat duck.

Mechanism of calcium lignosulfonate in apatite and dolomite flotation system

Since the physical and chemical properties of apatite and dolomite can be similar,the separation of these two minerals is difficult.Therefore,when performing this separation using the flotation method,it is necessary to search for selective depressants.An experimental research was performed on the separation behavior of apatite and dolomite using calcium lignosulfonate as a depressant,and the mechanism by which this occurs was analyzed.The results show that calcium lignosulfonate has a depressant effect on both apatite and dolomite,but the depressant effect on dolomite is stronger at the same dosage.Mechanism analysis shows that the adsorptive capacity of calcium lignosulfonate on dolomite is higher than that of apatite,which is due to the strong reaction between calcium lignosulfonate and the Ca sites on dolomite.In addition,there is a hydrogen bond between calcium lignosulfonate and dolomite,which further prevents the adsorption of sodium oleate to dolomite,thus greatly inhibiting the flotation of dolomite.

Study of sodium lignosulfonate prepare low-rank coal-water slurry:Experiments and simulations

The effect of sodium lignosulfonate(SL)as additive on the preparation of low-rank coal-water slurry(LCWS)was studied by experiments and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation s.The experimental results show that the appropriate amount of additives is beneficial to reduce the viscosity of LCWS and increase the slurry concentration.Adsorption isotherm studies showed that SL conforms to single-layer adsorption on the coal surface,andΔG_(ads)^(0) was negative,proving that the reaction was spontaneous.Zeta potential measurements showed that SL increased the negative charge on coal.FTIR scanning and XPS wide-range scanning were performed on the coal before and after adsorption,and it was found that the content of oxygen functional groups on coal increased after adsorption.Simulation results show that when a large number of SL molecules exist in the solution,some SL molecules will bind to hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups on coal.The rest of the SL molecule s,their hydrophobic alkyl tails,come into contact with each other and aggregate in solution.The agglomeration of SL molecules and the surface of coal with static electricity will also produce electrostatic interaction,which is conducive to the even dispersion of coal particles.The results of mean square displacement(MSD)and self-diffusion coefficient(D)show that the addition of SL reduces the diffusion rate of water molecules.Simulation results correspond to experimental results,indicating that MD simulation is accurate and feasible.

球形木素基离子交换树脂对Cr^(3+)和Cr_2O_7^(2-)的吸附研究

以木素磺酸钙为原料,利用反相悬浮聚合技术制备出球状木素基离子交换树脂,详细研究了树脂对Cr3+和Cr2O2-7的吸附特性。结果表明,树脂对Cr2O2-7的吸附作用弱,但对Cr3+表现出良好的吸附性能。溶液pH值越高,树脂对Cr3+的吸附量越大;前期吸附速度快,40min后吸附速率趋缓;升高温度能明显提高前期吸附速率。树脂对重金属离子的吸附是离子交换、物理吸附和电荷中和共同作用的结果。

Isolation of lignosulfonate with low polydispersity index

Lignosulfonate with low polydispersity index of 1.178-1.210 was isolated by gel column chromatography of Sephacryl S-100 eluted with 0.2 mol/L of NaNO3 aqueous solution,whereas nearly monodisperse ligosulfonate fraction with polydispersity of 1.0(57 can be obtained after chromatographic separation twice.This method provides an available approach to investigate the structure and characteristics of lignosulfonate.

Lignosulfonate and Its Derivatives for Oil-well Drilling:A Concise Review

Lignosulfonate,a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry,has been used in the oil-well drilling industry for a significant amount of time.Lignosulfonate and its derivatives serve different roles in the oil-well drilling industry because of their unique structures and properties.This review summarizes lignosulfonate and its derivatives,including lignosulfonate complexed with metal ions,lignosulfonate graft copolymers,lignosulfonatetannin complexes,and other lignosulfonate-containing composites,in terms of their preparation,properties,and potential applications in oil-well drilling industry.It provides readers with a quick review of existing studies in this area and some inspirations for future studies pertaining to the utilization of lignosulfonate-based materials in the oil-well drilling industry.

造纸黑液常压制备木素磺酸盐的试验研究

实验在常压下将黑液酸化、过滤后直接用于制备木素磺酸盐,旨在为中小型企业提供一种经济可行的黑液资源化途径。该工艺取消了木素的纯化过程,流程短而且设备简单、成本低,但磺化产率偏低。本文主要讨论了反应时间、温度、磺化剂加入量和pH对磺化产率的影响。

负极添加剂对铅酸蓄电池低温性能的影响分析

通过DSC热流曲线初步分析了木素A与腐植酸的热分解峰差异。通过SEM扫描电镜分析了3种添加剂(木素A、腐植酸和乙炔黑)及负极活性物质的微观晶貌。通过测试,对比分析了木素A、腐植酸和乙炔黑对电池初期容量、低温容量及低温充电接受能力的影响。结果表明:木素A与腐植酸热分解峰温度不同,木素A、腐植酸和乙炔黑的微观形貌也不同。结合木素A、腐植酸和乙炔黑的作用机理,猜测可能它们对电池低温性能影响程度不同。不同添加剂配比下的负极活性物质微观晶貌、孔径等没有太大差异。木素A、腐植酸、乙炔黑均能够提高电池初期容量、低温容量和低温充电接受能力,但是相对来说木素A的影响程度较大,而且其添加量越多,电池初期容量、低温容量及低温充电接受能力越好。

改性木素磺酸盐GCL2的阻垢性能及作用机理研究

研究了改性木素磺酸盐缓蚀阻垢剂GCL2的阻垢性能及作用机理。通过循环冷却水动态模拟实验发现 ,2 5mg/LGCL2的阻垢率为 6 1 6 % ,与常用有机膦缓蚀阻垢剂HEDP接近。静态阻垢实验表明 ,GCL2能够通过与钙离子生成溶于水的络合物 ,增大其溶解度。研究还发现 ,GCL2对碳酸钙颗粒具有很好的分散作用 ,能使形成的碳酸钙晶核高度分散 ,减少相互碰撞形成晶体的机会。X射线衍射表明 ,GCL2能够使碳酸钙在形成晶体的过程中发生晶格畸变 ,使生成的碳酸钙晶体变得疏松 。

球形木质素基离子交换树脂的合成及其对阳离子染料的吸附性能

以木质素磺酸盐为原料 ,采用合适的分散介质和成球技术 ,成功地合成了球状木质素基离子交换树脂 ,并讨论了它对阳离子染料的吸附性能。树脂对低浓度和高浓度的阳离子染料溶液均有很好的吸附作用 ,对阳离子艳红的饱和吸附量可达 2 5 0mg/ g干树脂 ;而且前期吸附速度快 ,30min后吸附速率趋缓 ,升高温度有利于前期吸附速率的增大。

造纸废液接枝改性处理及其应用

以亚硫酸盐法造纸废液为主要原料,先进行甲醛缩合反应,然后在一定条件下通过接枝丙烯酰胺单体合成出木质素磺酸盐接枝共聚物,采用红外光谱法对其接枝物进行分析。在此基础上,通过金属离子络合反应及磺化剂磺化反应等一系列改性反应对接枝共聚物改性,合成出油田用钻井液处理剂MGAC-1。结果表明,MGAC-1兼具降粘、降滤失双重功效,具有降粘切和降失水效果好、热稳定性好和抗盐钙污染能力强等优点,性能优于木质素磺酸铁铬(FCLS)。

Carbon steel anticorrosion performance and mechanism of sodium lignosulfonate

Lignin is a typical biological macromolecule with a three-dimensional network structure and abundant functional groups. It has excellent ionic complexation ability and amphiphilic molecular structure characteristics.In this study, the carbon steel anticorrosion performance of sodium lignosulfonate(SLS) in an acid solution was evaluated using the weight loss method, electrochemical measurements, scanning vibration electrode technique(SVET), and surface characterization methods. SLS exhibited excellent corrosion inhibition efficiency for Q235carbon steel in 1 mol·L^(-1) HCl, reaching a maximum value of 98%. A low SLS concentration of 20 mg·L^(-1) resulted in the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency, which remained nearly constant at higher SLS concentrations.The SVET test demonstrated that the formation of an SLS adsorption film can impede corrosion. This study confirms the significance of the application of green biomass resources in the field of metal corrosion protection and green functional materials.

不同钙源EICP溶液改良路基黄土动力特性研究

由于黄土地区路基基床强度低,在长期动态压力下黄土会发生不均匀沉降、滑坡或坍塌等工程问题。为了使动荷载作用下的黄土强度更符合实际工程需要,有必要进一步研究不同钙源EICP溶液对黄土动强度的改良效果。本工作以陕西某基坑黄土为研究对象,在胶凝液中引入环保型木钙代替传统钙源进行技术改进,结合室内动三轴试验在不同围压下比较三种钙源EICP溶液对黄土的固化效果。结果表明:EICP溶液能显著提高黄土的动强度;同一围压下,黄土试样动应力和阻尼比随应变的增大逐渐升高,而动剪切模量随应变的增大逐渐降低;围压较小时,乙酸钙源EICP溶液对黄土动强度的改良效果较好,而当围压较大时,木钙源EICP溶液对黄土动强度的改良效果较好;同一试样所受围压越大,动强度和动剪切模量越大,阻尼比越小。

钻井液降粘降滤失剂MGAC-2的研制

按下述路线在室内合成了兼具降粘和降滤失功能的水基钻井液处理剂MGAC 2 :将本质素磺酸钙与甲醛反应 ,再在硝酸铈铵催化下使丙烯酰胺、马来酸在木质素磺酸钙缩合产物上接枝共聚 ,提纯接枝共聚物 ,先与硫酸亚铁进行络合反应 ,再与甲醛、亚硫酸钠进行磺甲基化反应 ,分离出反应产物并干燥 ,得到降粘降滤失剂MGAC 2。用红外光谱确证了产物的接枝共聚结构。室内钻井液性能检测结果表明 :0 .5 %MGAC 2可使淡水膨润土基浆的表观粘度下降 5 0 %,API滤失量下降 5 1%,动切力下降 80 %,静切力下降幅度更大 ;0 .5 %MGAC 2处理的钻井液可抗 3%NaCl,0 .9%CaCl2 ,抗盐抗钙能力优于FCLS ;在室温、12 0℃、140℃、180℃下 12小时的静态老化实验中 ,MGAC 2的抗温性能优于FCLS ;大庆油田一口井的储层岩心在 0 .5 %MGAC 2水溶液中浸泡后的回收率 ,明显高于在 0 .5 %FCLS水溶液中浸泡后的回收率。

减水剂对固化土强度影响的研究

为了探究聚羧酸、木质磺酸钙(木钙)两种减水剂对固化土强度的影响规律,在不同养护龄期下,对添加不同掺量减水剂的固化土开展了一系列无侧限抗压强度试验,从水化产物角度阐述了固化土强度随两种减水剂掺量的演变机理。试验结果表明:掺有两种减水剂的固化土强度均随着龄期的增加而增加,前期强度增长速度快,后期强度增长缓慢。固化土的强度随着聚羧酸掺量的增加呈现先增加后缓慢减小的趋势,当聚羧酸掺量为0.4%时,固化土强度达到最大值;固化土的强度随木钙掺量的增加逐渐减小,木钙减水剂提升强度的效果弱于聚羧酸减水剂。

木质素磺酸钠对羊毛织物的着色现象

木质素磺酸钠来源于工业生产中的废弃物木质素,在印染行业中经常用做分散剂,但在使用过程中对纤维有沾色现象。文中研究木质素磺酸钠对羊毛的着色情况,从温度、时间、pH值以及浓度等方面对木质素磺酸钠上染羊毛的条件进行探索,并测试染后织物的色牢度、耐洗涤、强力、防紫外线等性能。结果表明,木质素磺酸钠在pH值2.0~4.0、用量大于30.0%、90℃的条件下能将羊毛织物染成深色,着色60min后织物的K/S值在6.00以上;并且着色羊毛织物强力损伤较低,试验范围内不同pH值的染浴得到的织物强力损伤都在10%以内;对紫外线也有较好的过滤效果。