We advance here a novel methodology for robust intelligent biometric information management with inferences and predictions made using randomness and complexity concepts. Intelligence refers to learning, adap- tation,...We advance here a novel methodology for robust intelligent biometric information management with inferences and predictions made using randomness and complexity concepts. Intelligence refers to learning, adap- tation, and functionality, and robustness refers to the ability to handle incomplete and/or corrupt adversarial information, on one side, and image and or device variability, on the other side. The proposed methodology is model-free and non-parametric. It draws support from discriminative methods using likelihood ratios to link at the conceptual level biometrics and forensics. It further links, at the modeling and implementation level, the Bayesian framework, statistical learning theory (SLT) using transduction and semi-supervised lea- rning, and Information Theory (IY) using mutual information. The key concepts supporting the proposed methodology are a) local estimation to facilitate learning and prediction using both labeled and unlabeled data;b) similarity metrics using regularity of patterns, randomness deficiency, and Kolmogorov complexity (similar to MDL) using strangeness/typicality and ranking p-values;and c) the Cover – Hart theorem on the asymptotical performance of k-nearest neighbors approaching the optimal Bayes error. Several topics on biometric inference and prediction related to 1) multi-level and multi-layer data fusion including quality and multi-modal biometrics;2) score normalization and revision theory;3) face selection and tracking;and 4) identity management, are described here using an integrated approach that includes transduction and boosting for ranking and sequential fusion/aggregation, respectively, on one side, and active learning and change/ outlier/intrusion detection realized using information gain and martingale, respectively, on the other side. The methodology proposed can be mapped to additional types of information beyond biometrics.展开更多
In the field of automatic target recognition and tracking,traditional image complexity metrics,such as statistical variance and signal-to-noise ratio,all focus on single-frame images.However,there are few researches a...In the field of automatic target recognition and tracking,traditional image complexity metrics,such as statistical variance and signal-to-noise ratio,all focus on single-frame images.However,there are few researches about the complexity of image sequence.To solve this problem,a criterion of evaluating image sequence complexity is proposed.Firstly,to characterize this criterion quantitatively,two metrics for measuring the complexity of image sequence,namely feature space similarity degree of global background(FSSDGB)and feature space occultation degree of local background(FSODLB)are developed.Here,FSSDGB reflects the ability of global background to introduce false alarms based on feature space,and FSODLB represents the difference between target and local background based on feature space.Secondly,the feature space is optimized by the grey relational method and relevant features are removed so that FSSDGB and FSODLB are more reasonable to establish complexity of single-frame images.Finally,the image sequence complexity is not a linear sum of the single-frame image complexity.Target tracking errors often occur in high-complexity images and the tracking effect of low-complexity images is very well.The nonlinear transformation based on median(NTM)is proposed to construct complexity of image sequence.The experimental results show that the proposed metric is more valid than other metrics,such as sequence correlation(SC)and interframe change degree(IFCD),and it is highly relevant to the actual performance of automatic target tracking algorithms.展开更多
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) serve to correct proteins’ conformation, send the damaged proteins for degradation (quality control function). Heat shock factors (HSFs) are their transcription factors. The protein complex...Heat shock proteins (HSPs) serve to correct proteins’ conformation, send the damaged proteins for degradation (quality control function). Heat shock factors (HSFs) are their transcription factors. The protein complexes mTOR1 and 2 (with the same core mTOR), the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), the seine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt), HSF1, plus their associated proteins form a network participating in protein synthesis, bio-energy generation, signaling for apoptosis with the help of HSPs. A cancer cell synthesizes proteins at fast rate and needs more HSPs to work on quality control. Shutting down this network would lead to cell death. Thus inhibitors of mTOR (mTORI) and inhibitors of HSPs (HSPI) could drive cancer cell to apoptosis—a “passive approach”. On the other hand, HSPs form complexes with polypeptides characteristic of the cancer cells;on excretion from the cell, they becomes antigens for the immunity cells, eventually leading to maturation of the cytotoxic T cells, forming the basic principle of preparing cancer-specific, person-specific vaccine. Recent finding shows that HSP70 can penetrate cancer cell and expel its analog to extracellular region, giving the hope to prepare a non-person-specific vaccine covering a variety of cancers. Activation of anti-cancer immunity is the “active approach”. On the other hand, mild hyperthermia, with increase of intracellular HSPs, has been found to activate the immunity response, and demonstrate anti-cancer effects. There are certain “mysteries” behind the mechanisms of the active and passive approaches. We analyze the mechanisms involved and provide explanations to some mysteries. We also suggest future research to improve our understanding of these two approaches, in which HSPs play many roles.展开更多
A new binuclear copper(Ⅱ) complex, [Cu2(phen)2(H2O)2( μ2-C2O4)](NO3)2, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectrum. Its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-r...A new binuclear copper(Ⅱ) complex, [Cu2(phen)2(H2O)2( μ2-C2O4)](NO3)2, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectrum. Its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=0.712 21(8) nm, b=1.170 93(14) nm, c=1.783 7(2) nm, β=111.828(2)°, and V=1.380 8(3) nm3, Dc=1.769 Mg·m-3, Z=2, F(000)=744, R1=0.025 4, wR2=0.069 5, Gof=1.077, Δρ=328^-455 e·nm-3. The complex is packed by one centrosymmetry binuclear copper(Ⅱ) unit, oxalate dianion and NO3- anion. In the molecule structure of the title complex, two Cu(Ⅱ) ions are bridged by oxalate dianion and each Cu(Ⅱ) ions coordinates with two nitrogen atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and one oxygen atom from water to form a five-coordinate distorted square-pyramidal configuration. The hydrogen bonds are observed between coordinated water molecules and NO3- anions. The analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the complex has a two-dimensional stacking network structure, which is formed by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, intermolecular hydrogen bonds and stacking effect of aromatic ring. CCDC: 255345.展开更多
A one-dimensional double-chain coordination polymer [Mn(phen)(tsgluo)] was synthesized in a mixed solution and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in orthorhombic system w...A one-dimensional double-chain coordination polymer [Mn(phen)(tsgluo)] was synthesized in a mixed solution and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group P212121. The crystal data are: a=0.530 78(17) nm, b=1.723 9(5) nm, c=2.456 9(8) nm, Z=4, μ=0.729 mm-1, Dc=1.579 g·cm-3, V=2.248 1(12) nm3, R1=0.033 1, ωR2=0.078 9. In the title complex, each Mn(Ⅱ) ion presents a octahedral geometry with the coordination of two nitrogen atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline and four oxygen atoms from three different tsgluo2- ligands. The γ-carboxyl coordinates to Mn(Ⅱ) in the mode of bidentate chelate, while the α-carboxyl coordinates in a bidentate bridging mode. CCDC: 253910.展开更多
Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and af...Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy.The mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth factors.As a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease.Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.展开更多
Living objects have complex internal and external interactions. The complexity is regulated and controlled by homeostasis, which is the balance of multiple opposing influences. The environmental effects finally guide ...Living objects have complex internal and external interactions. The complexity is regulated and controlled by homeostasis, which is the balance of multiple opposing influences. The environmental effects finally guide the self-organized structure. The living systems are open, dynamic structures performing random, stationary, stochastic, self-organizing processes. The self-organizing procedure is defined by the spatial-temporal fractal structure, which is self-similar both in space and time. The system’s complexity appears in its energetics, which tries the most efficient use of the available energies;for that, it organizes various well-connected networks. The controller of environmental relations is the Darwinian selection on a long-time scale. The energetics optimize the healthy processes tuned to the highest efficacy and minimal loss (minimalization of the entropy production). The organism is built up by morphogenetic rules and develops various networks from the genetic level to the organism. The networks have intensive crosstalk and form a balance in the Nash equilibrium, which is the homeostatic state in healthy conditions. Homeostasis may be described as a Nash equilibrium, which ensures energy distribution in a “democratic” way regarding the functions of the parts in the complete system. Cancer radically changes the network system in the organism. Cancer is a network disease. Deviation from healthy networking appears at every level, from genetic (molecular) to cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. The strong proliferation of malignant tissue is the origin of most of the life-threatening processes. The weak side of cancer development is the change of complex information networking in the system, being vulnerable to immune attacks. Cancer cells are masters of adaptation and evade immune surveillance. This hiding process can be broken by electromagnetic nonionizing radiation, for which the malignant structure has no adaptation strategy. Our objective is to review the different sides of living complexity and use the knowledge to fight against cancer.展开更多
A Schiff base ligand 4-[indol-3-yl]-but-3-en-2-one benzoyl hydrazone (HL), and its four transition metal complexes (ML2,M=Cu(, Ni(, Zn( and Co() have been prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis, EI-...A Schiff base ligand 4-[indol-3-yl]-but-3-en-2-one benzoyl hydrazone (HL), and its four transition metal complexes (ML2,M=Cu(, Ni(, Zn( and Co() have been prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis, EI-MS, molar conductivity, IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR. The results showed that HL as a bidentate ligand coordinated with transition metal ions to form four-coordination complexes. The antibacterial activity was studied by using the filter scraps diffusion method, and the results indicated that the ligand and the complexes had a low bacteriostatic activity against S. Aureu, P. Aeruginosa and E. Coli. The low in vitro antitumor activity of the title complexes was also observed by using MTT method against KB, A2780, Bel7402 and HELF.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer of [Ca(2-OPA)2(H2O)2]n (2-OPA-=2-oxo-1(4H)-pyridineacetate anion) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex cr...A novel coordination polymer of [Ca(2-OPA)2(H2O)2]n (2-OPA-=2-oxo-1(4H)-pyridineacetate anion) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in orthorhombic with space group Pna21, a=0.799 96(16) nm, b=0.823 77(16) nm, c=2.415 3(5) nm, V=1.591 6(6) nm3, Z=4, R=0.030 3, wR=0.070 0. The Ca atom is eight-coordinated by six O atoms of four 2-OPA- ligands and two water molecules, and displays a dodecahedron coordination geometry. Each 2-OPA- ligand bridges two adjacent Ca atoms, forming a infinite chain along the a direction. The Ca...Ca distance is 0.4102 2(8)nm. A two-dimensional supramolecular framework is further constructed by the hydrogen bonds and the weak π-π interactions. The results of TG analysis show the chain structure of the title complex was stable under 297.5 ℃. CCDC: 251669.展开更多
s: Ultrafine A2La2Ti3O10 (A=K, Na) powders with laminar structure were successfully synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method using ANO3(A=K, Na)?La(NO3)3?Ti(OBu)4 and citric acid as starting precursors. The crystalli...s: Ultrafine A2La2Ti3O10 (A=K, Na) powders with laminar structure were successfully synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method using ANO3(A=K, Na)?La(NO3)3?Ti(OBu)4 and citric acid as starting precursors. The crystalline phase of A2La2Ti3O10 can be obtained by thermal decomposition of citrate complex precursors at a relatively low temperature of 800 ℃ (600 ℃ for A=Na), about 300 ℃(500 ℃ for A=Na) lower than that of conventional solid state reaction process. The properties of the citrate precursors and the calcined powders were characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal-gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Results show that the average size of A2La2Ti3O10 powders obtained by citric acid sol-gel route was reduced to 200 nm×250 nm and the specific surface area was up to 19 m2·g-1. At the same time, the product was with more regular morphological characteristics. The synthesis process and the formation of A2La2Ti3O10 were also discussed. The obtained A2La2Ti3O10 was found to be transformed from A2La2Ti3O9.5 during the formation process.展开更多
On November 13, 2016, an MW7.8 earthquake struck Kaikoura in South Island of New Zealand. By means of back-projection of array recordings, ASTFs-analysis of global seismic recordings, and joint inversion of global sei...On November 13, 2016, an MW7.8 earthquake struck Kaikoura in South Island of New Zealand. By means of back-projection of array recordings, ASTFs-analysis of global seismic recordings, and joint inversion of global seismic data and co-seismic In SAR data, we investigated complexity of the earthquake source. The result shows that the 2016 MW7.8 Kaikoura earthquake ruptured about 100 s unilaterally from south to northeast(~N28°–33°E), producing a rupture area about 160 km long and about 50 km wide and releasing scalar moment 1.01×1021 Nm. In particular, the rupture area consisted of two slip asperities, with one close to the initial rupture point having a maximal slip value ~6.9 m while the other far away in the northeast having a maximal slip value ~9.3 m. The first asperity slipped for about 65 s and the second one started 40 s after the first one had initiated. The two slipped simultaneously for about 25 s.Furthermore, the first had a nearly thrust slip while the second had both thrust and strike slip. It is interesting that the rupture velocity was not constant, and the whole process may be divided into 5 stages in which the velocities were estimated to be 1.4 km/s, 0 km/s, 2.1 km/s, 0 km/s and 1.1 km/s, respectively. The high-frequency sources distributed nearly along the lower edge of the rupture area, the highfrequency radiating mainly occurred at launching of the asperities, and it seemed that no high-frequency energy was radiated when the rupturing was going to stop.展开更多
new coordination polymer {[Zn(CF3COO)2(C5H5ON)]·H2O}n was synthesized based on the reaction of zinc(Ⅱ) trifluoroacetate and 3-hydroxypyridine(C5H5ON) in methanol medium for the first time. The structure of the c...new coordination polymer {[Zn(CF3COO)2(C5H5ON)]·H2O}n was synthesized based on the reaction of zinc(Ⅱ) trifluoroacetate and 3-hydroxypyridine(C5H5ON) in methanol medium for the first time. The structure of the coordination polymer was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis and thermal analysis. The crystal structure of the coordination polymer was also determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system with space group P21/m, and crystallographic data of the coordination polymer are: a= 0.863 1(4) nm, b=0.717 7(3) nm, c=1.116 4(5) nm, α=γ=90°, β=107.542(6)°, V=0.659 4(5) nm3; Dc=2.037 g·cm-3; Z=2; F(000)=400; μ=1.969 mm-1. Zinc(Ⅱ) atom lies at the center of an octahedron formed by the coordination of zinc atom and six O atoms which come from four different trifluoroacetate ions and two different 3-hydroxypyridine molecules where each trifluoroacetate ion and 3-hydroxypyridine are coordinated to two different zinc ions to form coordination polymer. CCDC: 253909.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer of [Co( p-CPOA)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)]n ( p-CPOA2-=4-carboxylphenoxyacetate dianion, 2,2′-bipy=2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single cr...A novel coordination polymer of [Co( p-CPOA)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)]n ( p-CPOA2-=4-carboxylphenoxyacetate dianion, 2,2′-bipy=2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c, with a=1.424 4(3) nm, b=1.316 6(3) nm, c=1.947 7(4) nm, β=104.56(3)°. V=3.535 3(14) nm3, Z=8, R=0.028 5, wR=0.089 1. The cobalt(Ⅱ) ion displays a distorted octahedral coordination geometry, defined by three carboxyl oxygen atoms from different p-CPOA2- groups, two nitrogen atoms from 2,2′-bipyridine ligand and one water molecule. The cobalt atoms are bridged by p-CPOA2- groups, forming a one-dimensional chain structure along a axis. The adjacent Co...Co atoms distance is 0.996 8 nm. A layer supramolecular network is contrsucted by the hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. CCDC: 220039.展开更多
The geometric configurations of binuclear Zinc( complex Zn2[(n-Bu)2NCSS]4 and the ligand Na[(n-Bu)2 NCSS] have been optimized by B3LYP quantum chemical method. The electronic structures have been performed by density ...The geometric configurations of binuclear Zinc( complex Zn2[(n-Bu)2NCSS]4 and the ligand Na[(n-Bu)2 NCSS] have been optimized by B3LYP quantum chemical method. The electronic structures have been performed by density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G* level. The electronic spectrums of the complex and ligand were calculated by ZINDO/S-CIS method. It is indicated from the calculation that: (1) The coordination effect of bridging ligand is bigger than that of chelating one, and the bridging ligands also translate more charge to Zn than the chelating one. (2) The calculated results about electronic spectrums are similarly to experimental measurement, and farther explain that absorption band at λ=267 nm of complex is assigned to two n → π* transitions :one arising from the bridging ligands and the another mainly arising from the chelating ligands;but absorption band at λ=236 nm of complex is assigned to π → π* transition which the electron mainly translates from the bridging ligands to the chelating ligands. (3) By consideration of delocalization and polar effects in coordination, the charge transfer from ligand to metal decreases the π-π and p-π conjugation effects in the chromophore group NCS2 and to increase the energy needed for the π → π* and n → π* transitions, and results in the absorption bands shifting towards the short wavelength direction.展开更多
文摘We advance here a novel methodology for robust intelligent biometric information management with inferences and predictions made using randomness and complexity concepts. Intelligence refers to learning, adap- tation, and functionality, and robustness refers to the ability to handle incomplete and/or corrupt adversarial information, on one side, and image and or device variability, on the other side. The proposed methodology is model-free and non-parametric. It draws support from discriminative methods using likelihood ratios to link at the conceptual level biometrics and forensics. It further links, at the modeling and implementation level, the Bayesian framework, statistical learning theory (SLT) using transduction and semi-supervised lea- rning, and Information Theory (IY) using mutual information. The key concepts supporting the proposed methodology are a) local estimation to facilitate learning and prediction using both labeled and unlabeled data;b) similarity metrics using regularity of patterns, randomness deficiency, and Kolmogorov complexity (similar to MDL) using strangeness/typicality and ranking p-values;and c) the Cover – Hart theorem on the asymptotical performance of k-nearest neighbors approaching the optimal Bayes error. Several topics on biometric inference and prediction related to 1) multi-level and multi-layer data fusion including quality and multi-modal biometrics;2) score normalization and revision theory;3) face selection and tracking;and 4) identity management, are described here using an integrated approach that includes transduction and boosting for ranking and sequential fusion/aggregation, respectively, on one side, and active learning and change/ outlier/intrusion detection realized using information gain and martingale, respectively, on the other side. The methodology proposed can be mapped to additional types of information beyond biometrics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61703337)Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(SAST2017-082)
文摘In the field of automatic target recognition and tracking,traditional image complexity metrics,such as statistical variance and signal-to-noise ratio,all focus on single-frame images.However,there are few researches about the complexity of image sequence.To solve this problem,a criterion of evaluating image sequence complexity is proposed.Firstly,to characterize this criterion quantitatively,two metrics for measuring the complexity of image sequence,namely feature space similarity degree of global background(FSSDGB)and feature space occultation degree of local background(FSODLB)are developed.Here,FSSDGB reflects the ability of global background to introduce false alarms based on feature space,and FSODLB represents the difference between target and local background based on feature space.Secondly,the feature space is optimized by the grey relational method and relevant features are removed so that FSSDGB and FSODLB are more reasonable to establish complexity of single-frame images.Finally,the image sequence complexity is not a linear sum of the single-frame image complexity.Target tracking errors often occur in high-complexity images and the tracking effect of low-complexity images is very well.The nonlinear transformation based on median(NTM)is proposed to construct complexity of image sequence.The experimental results show that the proposed metric is more valid than other metrics,such as sequence correlation(SC)and interframe change degree(IFCD),and it is highly relevant to the actual performance of automatic target tracking algorithms.
文摘Heat shock proteins (HSPs) serve to correct proteins’ conformation, send the damaged proteins for degradation (quality control function). Heat shock factors (HSFs) are their transcription factors. The protein complexes mTOR1 and 2 (with the same core mTOR), the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), the seine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt), HSF1, plus their associated proteins form a network participating in protein synthesis, bio-energy generation, signaling for apoptosis with the help of HSPs. A cancer cell synthesizes proteins at fast rate and needs more HSPs to work on quality control. Shutting down this network would lead to cell death. Thus inhibitors of mTOR (mTORI) and inhibitors of HSPs (HSPI) could drive cancer cell to apoptosis—a “passive approach”. On the other hand, HSPs form complexes with polypeptides characteristic of the cancer cells;on excretion from the cell, they becomes antigens for the immunity cells, eventually leading to maturation of the cytotoxic T cells, forming the basic principle of preparing cancer-specific, person-specific vaccine. Recent finding shows that HSP70 can penetrate cancer cell and expel its analog to extracellular region, giving the hope to prepare a non-person-specific vaccine covering a variety of cancers. Activation of anti-cancer immunity is the “active approach”. On the other hand, mild hyperthermia, with increase of intracellular HSPs, has been found to activate the immunity response, and demonstrate anti-cancer effects. There are certain “mysteries” behind the mechanisms of the active and passive approaches. We analyze the mechanisms involved and provide explanations to some mysteries. We also suggest future research to improve our understanding of these two approaches, in which HSPs play many roles.
文摘A new binuclear copper(Ⅱ) complex, [Cu2(phen)2(H2O)2( μ2-C2O4)](NO3)2, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectrum. Its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=0.712 21(8) nm, b=1.170 93(14) nm, c=1.783 7(2) nm, β=111.828(2)°, and V=1.380 8(3) nm3, Dc=1.769 Mg·m-3, Z=2, F(000)=744, R1=0.025 4, wR2=0.069 5, Gof=1.077, Δρ=328^-455 e·nm-3. The complex is packed by one centrosymmetry binuclear copper(Ⅱ) unit, oxalate dianion and NO3- anion. In the molecule structure of the title complex, two Cu(Ⅱ) ions are bridged by oxalate dianion and each Cu(Ⅱ) ions coordinates with two nitrogen atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and one oxygen atom from water to form a five-coordinate distorted square-pyramidal configuration. The hydrogen bonds are observed between coordinated water molecules and NO3- anions. The analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the complex has a two-dimensional stacking network structure, which is formed by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, intermolecular hydrogen bonds and stacking effect of aromatic ring. CCDC: 255345.
文摘A one-dimensional double-chain coordination polymer [Mn(phen)(tsgluo)] was synthesized in a mixed solution and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group P212121. The crystal data are: a=0.530 78(17) nm, b=1.723 9(5) nm, c=2.456 9(8) nm, Z=4, μ=0.729 mm-1, Dc=1.579 g·cm-3, V=2.248 1(12) nm3, R1=0.033 1, ωR2=0.078 9. In the title complex, each Mn(Ⅱ) ion presents a octahedral geometry with the coordination of two nitrogen atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline and four oxygen atoms from three different tsgluo2- ligands. The γ-carboxyl coordinates to Mn(Ⅱ) in the mode of bidentate chelate, while the α-carboxyl coordinates in a bidentate bridging mode. CCDC: 253910.
基金supported by American Diabetes Association,American Heart Association,NIH NIEHS,NIH NIA,NIH NINDS,and NIH ARRA
文摘Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy.The mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth factors.As a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease.Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.
文摘Living objects have complex internal and external interactions. The complexity is regulated and controlled by homeostasis, which is the balance of multiple opposing influences. The environmental effects finally guide the self-organized structure. The living systems are open, dynamic structures performing random, stationary, stochastic, self-organizing processes. The self-organizing procedure is defined by the spatial-temporal fractal structure, which is self-similar both in space and time. The system’s complexity appears in its energetics, which tries the most efficient use of the available energies;for that, it organizes various well-connected networks. The controller of environmental relations is the Darwinian selection on a long-time scale. The energetics optimize the healthy processes tuned to the highest efficacy and minimal loss (minimalization of the entropy production). The organism is built up by morphogenetic rules and develops various networks from the genetic level to the organism. The networks have intensive crosstalk and form a balance in the Nash equilibrium, which is the homeostatic state in healthy conditions. Homeostasis may be described as a Nash equilibrium, which ensures energy distribution in a “democratic” way regarding the functions of the parts in the complete system. Cancer radically changes the network system in the organism. Cancer is a network disease. Deviation from healthy networking appears at every level, from genetic (molecular) to cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. The strong proliferation of malignant tissue is the origin of most of the life-threatening processes. The weak side of cancer development is the change of complex information networking in the system, being vulnerable to immune attacks. Cancer cells are masters of adaptation and evade immune surveillance. This hiding process can be broken by electromagnetic nonionizing radiation, for which the malignant structure has no adaptation strategy. Our objective is to review the different sides of living complexity and use the knowledge to fight against cancer.
文摘A Schiff base ligand 4-[indol-3-yl]-but-3-en-2-one benzoyl hydrazone (HL), and its four transition metal complexes (ML2,M=Cu(, Ni(, Zn( and Co() have been prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis, EI-MS, molar conductivity, IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR. The results showed that HL as a bidentate ligand coordinated with transition metal ions to form four-coordination complexes. The antibacterial activity was studied by using the filter scraps diffusion method, and the results indicated that the ligand and the complexes had a low bacteriostatic activity against S. Aureu, P. Aeruginosa and E. Coli. The low in vitro antitumor activity of the title complexes was also observed by using MTT method against KB, A2780, Bel7402 and HELF.
文摘A novel coordination polymer of [Ca(2-OPA)2(H2O)2]n (2-OPA-=2-oxo-1(4H)-pyridineacetate anion) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in orthorhombic with space group Pna21, a=0.799 96(16) nm, b=0.823 77(16) nm, c=2.415 3(5) nm, V=1.591 6(6) nm3, Z=4, R=0.030 3, wR=0.070 0. The Ca atom is eight-coordinated by six O atoms of four 2-OPA- ligands and two water molecules, and displays a dodecahedron coordination geometry. Each 2-OPA- ligand bridges two adjacent Ca atoms, forming a infinite chain along the a direction. The Ca...Ca distance is 0.4102 2(8)nm. A two-dimensional supramolecular framework is further constructed by the hydrogen bonds and the weak π-π interactions. The results of TG analysis show the chain structure of the title complex was stable under 297.5 ℃. CCDC: 251669.
文摘s: Ultrafine A2La2Ti3O10 (A=K, Na) powders with laminar structure were successfully synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method using ANO3(A=K, Na)?La(NO3)3?Ti(OBu)4 and citric acid as starting precursors. The crystalline phase of A2La2Ti3O10 can be obtained by thermal decomposition of citrate complex precursors at a relatively low temperature of 800 ℃ (600 ℃ for A=Na), about 300 ℃(500 ℃ for A=Na) lower than that of conventional solid state reaction process. The properties of the citrate precursors and the calcined powders were characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal-gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Results show that the average size of A2La2Ti3O10 powders obtained by citric acid sol-gel route was reduced to 200 nm×250 nm and the specific surface area was up to 19 m2·g-1. At the same time, the product was with more regular morphological characteristics. The synthesis process and the formation of A2La2Ti3O10 were also discussed. The obtained A2La2Ti3O10 was found to be transformed from A2La2Ti3O9.5 during the formation process.
基金supported by the NSFC project (41474046)the DQJB project (DQJB16B05) of the Institute of Geophysics, CEA
文摘On November 13, 2016, an MW7.8 earthquake struck Kaikoura in South Island of New Zealand. By means of back-projection of array recordings, ASTFs-analysis of global seismic recordings, and joint inversion of global seismic data and co-seismic In SAR data, we investigated complexity of the earthquake source. The result shows that the 2016 MW7.8 Kaikoura earthquake ruptured about 100 s unilaterally from south to northeast(~N28°–33°E), producing a rupture area about 160 km long and about 50 km wide and releasing scalar moment 1.01×1021 Nm. In particular, the rupture area consisted of two slip asperities, with one close to the initial rupture point having a maximal slip value ~6.9 m while the other far away in the northeast having a maximal slip value ~9.3 m. The first asperity slipped for about 65 s and the second one started 40 s after the first one had initiated. The two slipped simultaneously for about 25 s.Furthermore, the first had a nearly thrust slip while the second had both thrust and strike slip. It is interesting that the rupture velocity was not constant, and the whole process may be divided into 5 stages in which the velocities were estimated to be 1.4 km/s, 0 km/s, 2.1 km/s, 0 km/s and 1.1 km/s, respectively. The high-frequency sources distributed nearly along the lower edge of the rupture area, the highfrequency radiating mainly occurred at launching of the asperities, and it seemed that no high-frequency energy was radiated when the rupturing was going to stop.
文摘new coordination polymer {[Zn(CF3COO)2(C5H5ON)]·H2O}n was synthesized based on the reaction of zinc(Ⅱ) trifluoroacetate and 3-hydroxypyridine(C5H5ON) in methanol medium for the first time. The structure of the coordination polymer was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis and thermal analysis. The crystal structure of the coordination polymer was also determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system with space group P21/m, and crystallographic data of the coordination polymer are: a= 0.863 1(4) nm, b=0.717 7(3) nm, c=1.116 4(5) nm, α=γ=90°, β=107.542(6)°, V=0.659 4(5) nm3; Dc=2.037 g·cm-3; Z=2; F(000)=400; μ=1.969 mm-1. Zinc(Ⅱ) atom lies at the center of an octahedron formed by the coordination of zinc atom and six O atoms which come from four different trifluoroacetate ions and two different 3-hydroxypyridine molecules where each trifluoroacetate ion and 3-hydroxypyridine are coordinated to two different zinc ions to form coordination polymer. CCDC: 253909.
文摘A novel coordination polymer of [Co( p-CPOA)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)]n ( p-CPOA2-=4-carboxylphenoxyacetate dianion, 2,2′-bipy=2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c, with a=1.424 4(3) nm, b=1.316 6(3) nm, c=1.947 7(4) nm, β=104.56(3)°. V=3.535 3(14) nm3, Z=8, R=0.028 5, wR=0.089 1. The cobalt(Ⅱ) ion displays a distorted octahedral coordination geometry, defined by three carboxyl oxygen atoms from different p-CPOA2- groups, two nitrogen atoms from 2,2′-bipyridine ligand and one water molecule. The cobalt atoms are bridged by p-CPOA2- groups, forming a one-dimensional chain structure along a axis. The adjacent Co...Co atoms distance is 0.996 8 nm. A layer supramolecular network is contrsucted by the hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. CCDC: 220039.
文摘The geometric configurations of binuclear Zinc( complex Zn2[(n-Bu)2NCSS]4 and the ligand Na[(n-Bu)2 NCSS] have been optimized by B3LYP quantum chemical method. The electronic structures have been performed by density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G* level. The electronic spectrums of the complex and ligand were calculated by ZINDO/S-CIS method. It is indicated from the calculation that: (1) The coordination effect of bridging ligand is bigger than that of chelating one, and the bridging ligands also translate more charge to Zn than the chelating one. (2) The calculated results about electronic spectrums are similarly to experimental measurement, and farther explain that absorption band at λ=267 nm of complex is assigned to two n → π* transitions :one arising from the bridging ligands and the another mainly arising from the chelating ligands;but absorption band at λ=236 nm of complex is assigned to π → π* transition which the electron mainly translates from the bridging ligands to the chelating ligands. (3) By consideration of delocalization and polar effects in coordination, the charge transfer from ligand to metal decreases the π-π and p-π conjugation effects in the chromophore group NCS2 and to increase the energy needed for the π → π* and n → π* transitions, and results in the absorption bands shifting towards the short wavelength direction.
