Analytical Study of the Cable-Truss Systems on the Glass Certain Walls with Vertical Uses

The aim of this study is to analyze of the cable-glass systems which are used on the glass curtain wall according to their types, degree, architectural and structural effects. The suspended glass system with pre-stressed cable truss (SGSPCT) is widely started to apply after the 1980’s with Serres building. The advantages of these systems are to provide the transparency on the fa?ades and speedy construction process with minimum materials. The disadvantages are: more expensive than other systems and so many details for the joints and load distribution calculations. There are three different architectural design typologies of the SGSPCT system. These are distance bridging systems, between floor system and independent body. These three different typologies can be seen on the same building at the same time. This system has been known as complex structure systems. The twenty five glass buildings which are designed in different systems have been analyzed during this study. After these analyses the five glass buildings which are designed with cable-truss system have been selected for scope of the study. These selected buildings have been included of three different cable-truss system typologies and degree. The methodology of this study is literature survey and building analyses method. The written and visual documents involve books, theses, reports, articles, magazines, drawings, internet sources and applied connection details of the glass buildings. The selected five glass buildings have been detailed analyzed with their architectural drawings, photographs and details. The study consists of five chapters including the introduction chapter. The general information of the glass building and cable-glass system has been mentioned in the first chapter. The structural features, details and analytical information on systems have been explained of the selected buildings in the second chapter. The detailed analyses of these selected buildings have been done according to their schematic drawings with the plans, sections and load distribution in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is discussion section. In this section, cable-truss systems have been compared with their advantages and disadvantages to the other systems. The fifth chapter is the last chapter, many advantages of cable-truss systems have been concluded that the use of glass substrates.

Ecological Technologies of Applying Plants on Glass Curtain Walls

Integrated landscaping technology of reclaiming condensed water from the thermal channel of double-pane glass curtain wall and applying the reclaimed water in micro irrigation of natural plants was explored.Selection of plant species for the internal space of glass curtain wall and vertical greening outside was studied to meet the ecological technological requirements of glass curtain wall.Progressive experiment of new technology and simulated calculation of indexes were applied to obtain solar radiation consumption,meet the ecological characters of plants in glass curtain walls,and finally improve indoor and outdoor thermal environment.The results showed that new ecological technologies of applying plants on glass curtain walls help realize ecological utilization of glass curtain walls,further reduce energy consumption of buildings,achieve and even surpass the standards of national 3-star green buildings.

Design and Fabrication of Aluminum Cladding and Curtain Wall of a Sports Club

The paper discusses the design, fabrication and the execution of the cladding supported by steel trusses and curtain wall of a sports club. The cladding and the curtain walls were subjected to a wind load of 1.2 Kpa considering basic wind speed of 25 m/s as per the project specifications. The first part of the paper deals with the cladding work of the canopy that consist of a 4 mm thick aluminium composite panels supported by steel trusses extended from the main structure. Two types of steel trusses were provided, the main truss connected to the space truss, whereas the intermediate truss connected to channels. Both trusses were spaced at 2.5 m centre to centre. These trusses were fabricated at factory and transported to the site for installation. The second part of the paper is related to the curtain wall design having Maximum Mullion spacing of 2 m, considered as worst scenario for the design calculations. The maximum Mullion height was 5.55 m, adopted in the calculations with bottom and top pinned connection. The Technal system was adopted for the design of mullions and transoms. Design was carried out using numerical modeling with CSI SAP2000 for cladding and its supporting structures. The bracket was realized and checked for the corresponding induced forces. All the structural systems were found safe according to different acceptance criterion.

Prevention and Control Measures for Vertical Spread of Fire along the External Wall of High-rise Buildings

In the analysis and research of few cases on the characteristics of vertical"burning"and spreading of fire in high-rise buildings in China and overseas,the mechanism of vertical spreading of fire along external wall is caused by hot pressing and wind pressure existing in high-rise buildings.The use of external wall combustible materials and near-window combustible items resulted in the formation of high temperature pyrotechnics and the burning of the external wall.Besides,due to the lack of fire-fighting measurements in high-rise building,it is recommended that the external wall of the high-rise building should be equipped with vertical fire-proof partitioning and non-combustible materials by setting up an automatic fire-fighting water curtain system along the vertical section of the external wall and above the indoor window.Therefore,the automatic sprinkler can be set up to prevent the fire from spreading vertically along the external wall of the building effectively.

Nonlinear response spectrums for cable-supported glass curtain walls

Aiming at the seismic-resistant performance of cable-supported glass curtain walls,the methods for formulating nonlinear single degree of freedom system and calculating the nonlinear response spectrums are proposed. Taking pretension effect in cables and geometrical nonlinearity into account,the nonlinear acceleration spectrums are calculated under given conditions,such as site and different seismic fortification intensities. The seismic design response spectrums are developed. During vibrating,varying period due to the influence of pretension effect in cables and geometrical nonlinearity drives the maximum period of plateau in nonlinear response spectrums to move towards the long period zone,and the maximum of seismic effect coefficient is larger than that of current seismic code. The theoretical analysis and the example demonstrate that using the nonlinear response spectrums is safe and economical.

Discussion on Structure Design and Optimization of Building Curtain Wall

To discuss the structure design and optimization of building curtain wall, the dynamic characteristics of point supported glass curtain wall system are analyzed by the finite element method. The various technologies are made use of, and according to the characteristics of the structure system, the finite element analysis model with steel structure glass plate beam element and shell element as the basic elements is established. Then, the dynamic characteristics are analyzed, and the modal parameters such as inherent frequency and vibration type are identified. The research results show that the node displacement response power spectrum under the load of wind is obtained, which provides the basis for rationally optimizing the structure. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the optimization design based on finite element model has a wide significance, which is a useful attempt to reduce the blindness of design and has great engineering significance and application value.

Effects of a liquid lithium curtain as the first wall in a fusion reactor plasma

This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder （FEB-E）. The relationships between the surface temperature of a liquid lithium curtain and the effective plasma charge, fuel dilution and fusion power production have been derived. Results indicate that under normal operation, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not seriously affect the effective plasma charge, but effects on fuel dilution and fusion power are more sensitive. As an example, it has investigated the relationships between the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity and the rise of surface temperature based on operation scenario II of the FEB-E design with reversed shear configuration and high power density. Results show that even if the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity is as low as 0.5 m/s, the effects of evaporation from the liquid lithium curtain on plasma are negligible. In the present design, the sputtering of liquid lithium curtain and the particle removal effects of the divertor are not yet considered in detail. Further studies are in progress, and in this work implication of lithium erosion and divertor physics on fusion reactor operation are discussed.

Hydraulic Modeling of A Curtain-Walled Dissipater by the Coupling of RANS and Boussinesq Equations

A hybrid numerical method for the hydraulic modeling of a curtain-walled dissipater of reflected waves from breakwaters is presented. In this method, a zonal approach that combines a nonlinear weakly dispersive wave (Boussinesq-type equation) method and a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method is used. The Boussinesq-type equation is solved in the far field to describe wave transformation in shallow water. The RANS method is used in die near field to resolve the turbulent boundary layer and vortex flows around the structure. Suitable matching conditions are enforced at the interface between the viscous and the Boussinesq region. The Coupled RANS and Boussinesq method successfully resolves the vortex characteristics of flow in the vicinity of the structure, while unexpected phenomena like wave re-reflection are effectively controlled by lengthening the Boussinesq region. Extensive results on hydraulic performance of a curtain-walled dissipater and the mechanism of dissipation of reflected waves are presented, providing a reference for minimization of die breadth of the water chamber and for determination of the submerged depth of the curtain wall.

Modelling of URM Walls Retrofitted with Cable: A Comparison Between a Basic Mechanical Model and Distinct Element Method

The Australian love of 'heritage' buildings (most of them are unreinforced masonry (URM)) means that greater attention is required to secure their performance under seismic or impact loading in the future. A research project has been carried out to develop a new, economic and high strength retrofitting technique for masonry structures. A series of experimental testing on URM walls retrofitted with an innovative technique by cable system have been conducted. In this paper, an analytical model which is based on distinct element method (DEM) is developed to simulate the behaviour of retrofitted walls. In DEM, a solid is represented as an assembly of discrete blocks. Joints are modelled as interface between distinct bodies. It is a dynamic process and specially designed to model the behaviour of discontinuities. In order to assist the practising engineers to design this new retrofitted wall system, a simple mechanical model was also developed to predict the strength of the retrofitted walls. The results obtained from this simple mechanical model are compared with those from both experiments and distinct element model.

Intelligent Construction Technology of Hyperbolic Curtain Wall

Taking the hyperbolic glass curtain wall project of the Wuhan Jinyinhu Commercial Plaza as an example,the characteristics of different curved glass forming technologies were analyzed in this paper.Combined with the actual engineering situation,the curved steel process is selected to produce the hyperbolic glass curtain wall,and the application of BIM technology in the quality control of hyperbolic glass curtain wall in the production process was analyzed,and the effects of heating condition,bending time,cooling condition,and bending tempering error in the manufacturing accuracy of the curved glass curtain wall were studied,in hope that this project can provide practical reference for similar curtain wall design construction in the future.

福建某高速公路段路堑边坡滑坡整治

福建某高速公路 K2 86 + 2 90～ K2 86 + 345段右侧路堑边坡设计为一至四分级坡 ,最大坡高近 30 m,坡体岩石差异风化 ,且局部发育不良软弱结构面。 2 0 0 2年 8月该段四级坡段发生滑坡 ,阻断了交通 ,造成了重大经济损失。从坡体岩土结构出发 ,详细分析了该段边坡失稳的原因及发展趋势 ,并提出了科学合理的治理加固建议。

玻璃类型对玻璃幕墙建筑室内热环境的影响分析

以某博览中心为建筑模型,采用EnergyPlus和自编的热舒适计算程序模拟了玻璃幕墙建筑的室内热环境,着重分析了玻璃类型、窗墙比对室内热舒适性的影响。对幕墙建筑室内不同位置PMV值的计算结果表明,人体与玻璃幕墙的相对位置对热舒适影响较大。

Optimized Simulation Design of Double Glass Curtain Wall Shading System in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The glass curtain wall is widely favored by the owners for its good appearance modeling efthct. In using process, however, excessive energy consumption, low level indoor eomtort and other problems of glass curtain wall are often exposed. Aiming at office buildings in hot Summer and cold Winter zone, taking the optimization of thermal comfort of double glass curtain wall in the summer and the reduetion of building energy consumption throughout the year as the breakthrough point, using the method of energy simulation analysis, through changing the size of internal shading component in the simulated room, this paper analyzes and summarizes the variation law of its energy consumption value, to explore the relatively reasonable design plan of shading systems of the building with glass curtain wall.

永和大桥北岸沉井施工技术

介绍了南宁永和大桥北岸沉井的施工。以单管高喷压旋喷形成帷幕墙,减少渗水量,以物探检测帷幕墙体缺陷的位置,避免了处理复喷的盲目性,实现了沉井的排水下沉,并阐述了该地质情况下沉井的下沉规律,对相似地质条件下的沉井施工具有一定的借鉴作用。

玻璃幕墙清洗机器人内螺旋完全遍历路径规划研究

针对高空复杂环境下玻璃幕墙清洗机器人的全方位无死角清洗问题,本文提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的内螺旋完全遍历路径规划方法。首先在融合视觉传感器识别定位结果的基础上构建环境栅格地图;针对机器人全方位无死角遍历问题,以最大覆盖面积、最小重复路径及最大安全性为目标,通过内螺旋完全遍历算法实现清洗路径规划。在此基础上,针对机器人完全遍历易陷入死区问题,以最快规划、最少拐点及最快收敛为目标,通过改进蚁群算法规划出最优逃逸死区路线。改进方向以机器人4方位4领域移动为主,在启发函数中引入A^(*)算法的代价函数,同时在信息素更新中引入惩罚函数的思想。最后通过2种算法结合完成清洗区域的完全遍历,仿真结果表明:机器人在已知地图上通过4次规划后清洗覆盖率达到100%,行进重复率达到3.15%,实现了完全遍历。

昆明长水国际机场T2航站楼结构设计关键问题探讨

昆明长水国际机场T2航站楼面临高填方边坡、高抗震设防烈度、高铁下穿等多项复杂条件,给结构设计带来诸多挑战。在简单介绍T2航站楼结构体系基础上,从场地、隔震、振动控制和钢屋盖等四个方面对结构设计的关键问题进行了探讨,并给出了解决问题的途径。得出如下结论:复杂场地条件下的地震动参数应通过三维建模条件下的场地地震反应分析确定;高填方边坡在地震下的稳定性应结合拟静力法和时程分析法进行分析;不等标高基底隔震时,隔震层层间位移角限值应以控制罕遇地震下的支座变形为目标来确定;超长结构隔震应采取措施缓解混凝土收缩和温度效应对隔震支座变形的影响;混合使用不同竖向频率的隔振支座解决高铁运行导致的结构振动是可行的;树形柱分枝角度对柱的受力效率影响明显;与大跨屋盖相连的单索幕墙结构可通过自平衡方式减小索拉力对屋盖的作用。

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承结构设计

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承采用竖向张弦桁架结构体系,结构造型独特新颖。对其结构选型和受力特点进行了重点介绍。采用MIDAS Gen软件建立有限元模型,进行非线性静力及抗震分析计算,同时采用ANSYS软件对考虑几何与材料双重非线性的结构整体稳定性进行了详细分析,探讨了安全系数取值等。分析结果及实际使用效果表明,幕墙支承满足正常使用的各项要求,并具有良好的抗震性能。

17m超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统结构性能和试验研究

文章以泰康大厦工程为背景,针对超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统进行了大风压作用下的结构性能和位移能力试验研究,通过有限元、试验、理论三者进行对比分析。研究表明,该幕墙系统不仅满足1.75kPa风压作用下的结构性能要求和2.63kPa大风压下结构的安全性能要求,而且满足三个方向位移能力的要求。充分说明17m超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统的设计方案安全可行,设计方案和试验结果可为今后超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统的设计提供支持。

复杂地层超深地下连续墙设计与施工关键技术

以上海软土地区某挖深达45.5m的矩形超深基坑工程为依托,针对深度约90m的超深地下连续墙的设计和施工关键技术展开了系统研究。提出了适用于超深基坑工程的墙体分幅设计、止水措施、混凝土配合比、钢筋配置、垂直度要求等一系列设计参数。正式施工前进行了复杂地层的成槽试验及首件施工验收,确定其施工能力、施工工效以及施工参数,并针对超深地下连续墙容易出现的施工质量通病提出了系统的施工控制措施。在此基础之上完成了该工程超深地下连续墙的正式施工,墙体质量的超声波检测及开挖验证结果均达到设计要求,坑外地下水监测数据验证了悬挂帷幕的承压水控制效果,顺利通过了基坑开挖和结构回筑的服役过程。

光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统在不同地区的多目标优化配置

为克服单一可再生能源应用的局限性,提出一种光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统。利用TRNSYS建立仿真模型,以系统能耗和生命周期成本为目标函数,采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),对不同地区系统配置规模进行多目标优化设计,并利用加权和法确定均衡解。结果表明:哈尔滨、长春、沈阳3个地区优化后的系统运行能耗比优化前分别增加5.9%、5.0%和3.9%,生命周期成本降低13.6%、17.1%和12.9%;与单目标优化相比,多目标优化在兼顾性能的前提下能明显降低生命周期成本,具有明显的优势。