Response of Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis to acute temperature challenge: physiological and biochemical parameters

Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature( T dec treatment)(from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature( Ti nc treatment)(from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P. yessoensis decreased signi?cantly in the T dec treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.05). In the T dec treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h( P <0.05). However, a signi?cant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.01).A signi?cant enhancement of acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated signi?cantly in response to acute temperature changes( P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change af fects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P. yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.

Effects of <i>Nigella sativa</i>L. Seed Extract on Fatigue, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Thyroid Function in Male Mice

Nigella sativa L. (Black seed), is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for many purposes. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of nigella sativa L. (NS) on performance of Forced Swimming Test (FST), blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue and thyroid functions. Therefore, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Total Protein (TP), triiodothyronine T3, thyroxin T4 and TSH tests were investigated. Thirty five male adult mice were randomly divided into five groups: three NS-fed groups, one fluoxetine treated group and one control group. Three NS experimental groups received hydro-alcoholic extract of NS at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg orally for two weeks. Immobility time decreased in all NS groups compared with control group. Administration of NS significantly increased the concentration of T3 and T4 of the treatment groups. On the contrary, the amount of BUN, CK, LDH, TP and TSH decreased. In conclusion, black seed extract at the experimented doses showed anti-depressant, anti-fatigue and hyperthyroid effects.

Assessment of Salinity Tolerance and Ecotypic Variability in Vicia narbonensis L.:Morphological,Physiological,and Biochemical Responses

Salinity stress is a major challenge for global agriculture,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions,limiting plant productivity due to water and soil salinity.These conditions particularly affect countries along the southern Mediterranean rim,including Algeria,which primarily focuses on pastoral and forage practices.This study investigates salinity tolerance and ecotypic variability in Vicia narbonensis L.,a fodder legume species recognized for its potential to reclaim marginal soils.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical responses were assessed in three ecotypes(eco2,eco9,and eco10)exposed to different salinity levels(low,moderate,and severe).The study was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three blocks per ecotype per dose.The results from the two-way analysis of variance demonstrate significant effects across nearly all attributes studied,revealing distinct ecotypic responses.These findings underscore variations in growth parameters,osmotic regulation mechanisms,and biochemical adjustments.The substantial diversity observed among these ecotypes in their response to salinity provides valuable insights for breeders addressing both agronomic and ecological challenges.Multivariate analyses,including Principal Component Analysis(PCA),revealed key variables distinguishing between ecotypes under salinity stress.Moreover,Classification based on Salinity Tolerance Indices(STI)further differentiated ecotypic performance with more precision,and this is because of the combination of the different parameters studied.These results open up new prospects for the development of strategies to improve the salinity tolerance of forage legumes.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Zizania latifolia to Traditional Chinese Medicine Wastewater

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater treatment on the physiological and biochemical indexes( such as TTC,Pro,GSH,MDA,SOD,POD,CAT,and PAL) of Zizania latifolia were investigated under four concentrations of medicine wastewater. The results showed that under the stress of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater,the contents of GSH,MDA and Pro had different degrees of increase,which would promote the increasing of superoxide anion. Meanwhile,the activities of root,SOD,POD,CAT and PAL also increased with the concentration of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. Therefore,Z. latifolia had very strong anti-adversity abilities and tolerances to traditional Chinese medicine wastewater and can be used as one of the constructed wetland plants treating medicine wastewater.

Effect of different anesthetic mixtures——ketamine-xylazine, ketamine-acepromazine and tiletamine-zolazepam——on the physiological and blood biochemistry parameters of male rhesus monkeys(Macaca mulatta) at different ages

Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in Macaca mulatta. Methods: Eighty male Macaca mulatta were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every five minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.

Effects of Crude Protein Level of Concentrate Supplement on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of crude protein level of concentrate supplement on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle.[Method]Twelve Hainan Yellow Cattles with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(168.13±0.55)kg were randomly divided into three treatments.Cattle were fed with concentrate supplement containing different levels of crude protein.The trial lasted 60 d.[Result]The daily gain of 17.56%crude protein group was significantly higher than those of 15.55%and 13.56%crude protein groups(P<0.05),and the gross profit of 17.56%crude protein group was markedly higher than that of 13.56%crude protein group(P<0.05),but the feed gain ratio of 17.56%crude protein group was significantly lower than that of 13.56%crude protein group(P<0.05).Compared with 15.55%and 13.56%crude protein groups,the serum total protein content markedly increased(P<0.05),but the urea nitrogen level significantly decreased(P<0.05).[Conclusion]When crude protein level of concentrate supplement was 17.56%,post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle could obtain better production performance.

Effects of the Mixture of <i>Cichorium intybus</i>L. and <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i>on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder affecting the liver function is rapidly increasing and there is a need to develop new and more efficient treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamon mixture infusion (2.5 and 0.5 g/100mL and twice/day) on patients with NAFLD. This before-after clinical trial study was performed on 25 patients with NAFLD. They were administered the mixture of extract prepared in special bags twice a day for 30 days. Hepatic and metabolic markers of NAFLD like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in plasma and also, fatty liver ultrasonographic grading were determined before and after using the extracts. 30-day treatment with extracts in NAFLD patients resulted in a significant decrease in ALT and AST. FBS, TG and ALP were also decreased after administration of the extracts but not significantly. A significant linear correlation was found between age and ALP, and between gender and liver enzymes. It is concluded that the mixture of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamon extracts has some benefits in NAFLD patients making them valuable for future investigations.

Effect of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i>L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, immune responses and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicks

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitute on growth performance, immune responses and serum biochemistry in broilers. A total of 192 one-d-old as hatched broiler chicks (Ross 308) were weighed and randomly allocated to four treatment groups, each with 4 replicate pens of 12 chicks. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet (control), antibiotic (15 mg Virginiamycin/kg), and control +10 or 30 g fresh onion bulb/kg diet. Body weights of broilers were determined at d 1, 21 and 42, feed intake was determined at the same periods, and feed conversion ratio was calculated accordingly. At 14th and 21st days blood samples were taken for measuring antibody titers against NDV and at 42nd day for biochemical analysis. At d 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered for determination of lymphoid organ weights. Dietary supplementation of30 g/kg onion increased final body weight of broilers at 42nd d of age compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Birds fed30 gonion/kg in the diet had the highest feed intake than other treatments at different growth periods (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments failed to induce any significant effect on antibody titers against NDV, although the weight of lymphoid organs was significantly (P Broilers receiving30 g/kg onion had a significantly higher HDL and lower triglyceride concentrations compared to control groups (P . Feeding30 g/kg onion resulted in a marked reduction in the concentration of the glucose compared to control groups (P . The results suggested that dietary inclusion of30 g/kg onion can be applied as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for broiler diets.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Hypoglycaemic effect of Berberis vulgaris L.in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective:To achieve a primary pharmacological screening contained in the aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris(B.vulgaris) and to examine the hypoglycaemic effect and biochemical parameters of aqueous and saponins extract on groups of rats rendered diabetic by injection of streptozotocin.Methods:The phytochemicol tests to detect the presence of different compounds were based on the visual observation of color change or formation of precipitate after the addition of specific reagents.Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of streptozotocin(STZ) at a dose of 65 mg/kg bw.The fasting blood glucose levels were estimated by glucose oxidase-peroxidase reactive strips(Dextrostix,Bayer Diagnostics).Blood samples were taken by cutting the tip of the tail.Serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were estimated by enzymatic DHBS colorimetric method.Results:Administration of 62.5 and 2S.0 mg/kg of saponins and aqueous extract respectively in normal rats group shows a significant hypoglycemic activity(32.33%and 40.17%respectively) during the first week.However,diabetic group treated with saponin extract produced a maximum fall of 73.1%and 76.03%at day 1 and day 21 compared to the diabetics control.Also,blood glucose levels of the diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract showed decrease of 78.79%on the first day and the effect remains roughly constant during 3 week. Both extracts also declined significantly biochemical parameters(20.77%-49.00%).The control in the loss of body weight was observed in treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic controls. Conclusions:These results demonstrated significant antidiabetic effects and showed that serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels were decreased,significantly,consequently this plant might be of value in diabetes treatment.

Biochemical changes in grape rootstocks resulted from humic acid treatments in relation to nematode infection

Objective:To investigate the effect of humic acid on nematode infected,resistant and susceptible grapes in relation to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant mechanisms on selected biochemical parameters known as proactive substances.Methods:The grape rootstocks,superior,superior/ freedom and freedom were reacted differently to Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis according to rootstock progenitor.Two weeks after inoculation,two commercial products of humic acid were applied at the rate of(2,4 mL or grams/plant) as soil drench.After 4 months,nematode soil populations were extracted and counted.A subsample of roots from each plant was stained and gall numbers,embedded stages per root were calculated,final population, nematode build up(Pf/Pi),average of eggs/eggmass were estimated.Subsamples of fresh root of each treatment were chemically analyzed.Results:Freedom reduced significantly the nematode criteria and build up.Humic acid granules appeared to be more suppressive to nematode build up on superior and the higher dose on superior/freedom than liquid treatments.On freedom,all treatments reduced significantly the nematode build up regardless to the material nature.The higher dose was more effective than the lower one.As a result of humic acid applications,the malondialdehyde(MDA) and H_2O_2 contents were significandy reduced after humic acid treatments while the antioxidant compounds glutathione(GSH),ascorbic acid(ASA) and total phenol contents were significandy increased when compared with check.Antioxidant defense enzymes ascorbate peroxidase(AFX),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) showed significant increase in their specific activities in treated plants compared with nematode treated check.Conclnsions:Humic acid treatments improve we yield of grape by increasing the contents of antioxidant compounds and the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes.

The phytoconstituents and the comparative effects of aqueous extract of Irvingia gabonensis seeds and proviron on the biochemical parameters of male guinea pigs

Objective:To investigate the phytochemical screening and the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis on the biochemical parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods: The biochemical parameters were assayed using Randox Diagnostic kits,Phenolphthalein method and colorimetric method.The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures.Results:Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of flavonoids,tannins, carbohydrate,alkaloids,terpenoids,steroids,volatile oils,saponins and cardiac glycosides.The aqueous extract of Irvingia gabonensis seeds(SO - 400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant(P【 0.05 ANOVA) decrease in the levels of total cholesterol,urea,uric acid,total protein,prostatic, alkaline,and acid phosphatases.The highest reduction effect was obtained with uric acid at 400 mg/kg of Irvingia gabonensis extract while the least effect was observed in total cholesterol. These effects were dose- and time- dependent.Conclusions:This shows that the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis have hepatoprotective,nephroprotective and cardio protective properties.The study therefore,supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners as a hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent Although further studies need to be done to isolate,identify and characterize the active principles in the seeds of this plant.

Effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, growth of internal organs and small intestine, and serum biochemical parameters of broilers

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, growth of internal organs and small intestine, and serum biochemical indices of broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and 30 broilers per replicate (15 male, 15 female). The treatments were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% phytase. The results showed that: 1) Phytase supplementation increased the body weight gain and the body weight of Ross 308 broilers (P serum calcium (Ca) consistency was 0.02%. According to the above analysis, the feasible supplementation of phytase (enzyme activity for 5000 u/g) in broiler dietary was 0.02%.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Effects of Fresh Cupressus sempervirens Leaves Infusion on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broilers

The accumulation of growth-promoting antibiotic residues in animal products and the resistance developed by bacteria in poultry farms has led to a search for natural compounds derived from plants. This study was designed to promote the production performance of broiler chickens using fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves infusion. Fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves were harvested, washed, chopped and ground to a paste using a blender and fermented for three days in a closed container at a rate of 500 g/L of water. The solution obtained was filtered and added at the rate of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ml/L of drinking water. The chickens fed on the graded level of the solution were compared to a control ration without an additive and positive control group supplemented with 1 g antibiotic/kg feed. At the finisher phase and throughout the study period, water intake increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of infusion. Feed intake decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with 2 and 4 ml of infusion/L drinking water. Live weight and weight gain were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with 6 ml/L, while feed conversion significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with the same treatment compared with the control treatment without additives (T0). Carcass characteristics were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the inclusion of Cupressus sempervirens infusion. Haematological parameters significantly (P < 0.05) increase independently of the rate of incorporation of the infusion into the drinking water, with the exception of RBCs, MCHT and PCT. Serum content in total protein, globulins, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P < 0.05) high with 8 and 10 ml Cupressus sempervirens infusion/litre drinking water as compared to all other treatments. AST, ALT, urea, creatine, albumin, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly affected. The lactic acid bacteria load increased significantly (P E. coli and salmonella counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with infusion compared to the control without additive. In conclusion, 6 ml of Cupressus sempervirens infusion can be used as an alternative to antibiotic feed additives to promote growth performance in broilers.

Characterization of winged bean (<i>Psophocarpus tetragonolobus</i>(L.) DC.) based on molecular, chemical and physiological parameters

Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a potential legume crop of the tropics with high protein and oil content in the seeds. Analysis of the mutual genotypic relationships among twenty four genotypes of P. tetragonolobus through Mantel test found a significant correlation (r = 0.839) between similarity matrices of the results obtained from the use of the RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The UPGMA tree based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient generated from their cumulative data showed two distinct clusters and seven sub-clusters among these accessions. Quantification of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin revealed the highest percentage of occurrence of kaempferol (1.07-790.5 μg/g) and the lowest percentage of gallic acid (0.09-3.49 μg/g) in the seeds. Phytochemical analysis of the winged bean genotypes revealed that, some of the exotic lines are distinct. Analysis of photosynthesis rate, photosynthetic yield and stomatal conductance data also showed two clusters and was in congruence with the phytochemical affinities of the genotypes. The overall high level of polymorphism and varied range of genetic distances across the genotypes revealed a wide range of genetic base of P. tetragonolobus. The present investigation therefore, has provided significant insights for further improvement of winged bean germplasm for its qualitative and quantitative traits.

Effects of Crude Enzyme Preparation Supplemented to Barley Diet on the Performance, Hormone Levels and Biochemical Parameters in Gosling

Twenty four 7-day-old crossbred goslings （Chuan white×Tai lake） were divided randomly into control and treatment groups. Enzyme preparation was added in the diet of treatment group at dosage of 1 g/kg. The blood samples were collected from 60 day-old goslings via the wing vein. During the fifty-three days experiment, body weights were adopted measured each week, related hormone contents and biochemical parameters in plasma were determined. The results were as following:（1） Compared with control, body weight of treatment group were significantly higher （P<0.05） since 3-week-old goslings. The weight gains were significant higher （P<0.05） in （4～7） week-old goslings too, feed intake were increased and the "feed: body weight gain" was decreased; （2） Compared with control, growth hormone （GH） and insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） levels were dramatically enhanced by 36.62% （P<0.01） and 66.55% （P<0.01） respectively, while the level of β-endorphin （β-END） decreased by 51.66% （P<0.01）; （3） Thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH） and 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine （T3） contents in treatment group were 24.39% （P<0.05） and （16.81%） （P<0.05） higher than those of control, whereas thyroxine （T4） contents was lower by 18.33% （P<0.05）, ratios of T3/T4 were increased; （4） Compared with control, insulin contents were elevated by 36.75% （P<0.01）, while level of glucagon was reduced by 23.11% （P<0.01）,ratios of insulin/glucagon were increased; （5） The activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GTP） was 4.46 fold higher than those of control （P<0.01） and uric acid content was reduced by 57.50% （P<0.01）.These results indicate that enzyme preparation added in barley based diet can promote the gosling growth by improving the barely digestibility, carbohydrate metabolism and influencing the hormone levels.

Impacts of X-ray irradiation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells growth and physiological-biochemical characteristic

In this paper, the growth curves of yeast cells exposed to X-rays were detected, and then fitted by Gompertz equation. The yeast cells treated with 50–125 Gy showed an increased exponential growth rate, and lower total biomass at plateau. At doses ≥ 150 Gy, cells showed a decreased exponential growth rate and higher total biomass at plateau. DNA lesions were detected by comet assay. Meanwhile, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential(?Ψ m) and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. We conclude that X-ray irradiation results in DNA lesions, ROS accumulation and?Ψ m decline in a dose-dependent manner, and that these changes may be one of causes of X-rays-induced apoptosis in yeast. Furthermore, yeast cell membrane integrity appeared compromised following irradiation,suggesting that membrane damage may also have a role in the biological effects of radiation.

Effect of Doum Fruit (Hyphaene Thebaica) Extract on Some Biochemical Parameters, Enzyme Activities and Histopathological Changes of Pancreas in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of some diseases like diabetes. One of them is doum fruit extract. The study was conducted to evaluate effect of doum fruit extract on some biochemical parameters, including enzyme activities and histopathological changes of pancreas in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Animals were allocated into five groups of rats, two groups, several as control (one normal and one diabetic rats) and the other three groups were induced diabetic with doum extract (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg b&middot;wt) which were given every other day by stomach tube for 6 weeks. Evaluation was made for glucose, insulin, lipid profile, enzyme activities, antioxidant activity and histopathological changes of pancreas. The results showed that doum fruit extract decreased blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total lipid (TL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lactate dyhadreygenase (LDH), alanine and aspartate amino transferase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) while plasma catalase activity and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly (p 0.05) increased. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that the active compounds present in the doum extract have a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of diabetic rats.