By the generalized variational principle of two kinds of variables in general me-chanics,it was demonstrated that two Lagrangian classical relationships can be applied to both holonomic systems and nonholonomic system...By the generalized variational principle of two kinds of variables in general me-chanics,it was demonstrated that two Lagrangian classical relationships can be applied to both holonomic systems and nonholonomic systems. And the restriction that two Lagrangian classical relationships cannot be applied to nonholonomic systems for a long time was overcome. Then,one important formula of similar La-grangian classical relationship called the popularized Lagrangian classical rela-tionship was derived. From Vakonomic model,by two Lagrangian classical rela-tionships and the popularized Lagrangian classical relationship,the result is the same with Chetaev's model,and thus Chetaev's model and Vakonomic model were unified. Simultaneously,the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic system was established. By some representative examples,it was validated that the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic systems is right.展开更多
Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 ...Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.展开更多
Theoretical frameworks play a vital role in research, spelling out the constructs important in the research area, and the relationships between the constructs. An understanding of the theoretical constructs which unde...Theoretical frameworks play a vital role in research, spelling out the constructs important in the research area, and the relationships between the constructs. An understanding of the theoretical constructs which underpin the research provides researchers with a framework, which enables them to understand when, how and why particular phenomena occur. Depending on the type of research, this either allows them to make reasoned predictions, which can be empirically tested during the research or gives direction for the research if it is open-ended and exploratory. Such frameworks not only guide the questions asked and the design of the research, but also help to interpret the data. If the situation being investigated is very complex, involving numerous interlinked variables, it is often difficult to identify a single theoretical framework that is suitable for a particular study. This article uses the case of human ecological behavioural problems associated with the conservation of biodiversity in the Rwenzori Mountains National Park, to show how a theoretical framework to investigate a complex situation was developed.展开更多
In this technical paper, the oxidation mechanism and kinetics of aluminum powders are discussed in great details. The potential applications of spherical aluminum powders after oxidation to be part of the surging arre...In this technical paper, the oxidation mechanism and kinetics of aluminum powders are discussed in great details. The potential applications of spherical aluminum powders after oxidation to be part of the surging arresting materials are discussed. Theoretical calculations of oxidation of spherical aluminum powders in a typical gas fluidization bed are demonstrated. Computer software written by the author is used to carry out the basic calculations of important parameters of a gas fluidization bed at different temperatures. A mathematical model of the dynamic system in a gas fluidization bed is developed and the analytical solution is obtained. The mathematical model can be used to estimate aluminum oxide thickness at a defined temperature. The mathematical model created in this study is evaluated and confirmed consistently with the experimental results on a gas fluidization bed. Detail technical discussion of the oxidation mechanism of aluminum is carried out. The mathematical deviations of the mathematical modeling have demonstrated in great details. This mathematical model developed in this study and validated with experimental results can bring a great value for the quantitative analysis of a gas fluidization bed in general from a theoretical point of view. It can be applied for the oxidation not only for aluminum spherical powders, but also for other spherical metal powders. The mathematical model developed can further enhance the applications of gas fluidization technology. In addition to the development of mathematical modeling of a gas fluidization bed reactor, the formation of oxide film through diffusion on both planar and spherical aluminum surfaces is analyzed through a thorough mathematical deviation using diffusion theory and Laplace transformation. The dominant defects and their impact to oxidation of aluminum are also discussed in detail. The well-controlled oxidation film on spherical metal powders such as aluminum and other metal spherical powders can potentially become an important part of switch devices of surge arresting materials, in general.展开更多
It has been a dream that theoretical biology can be extensively applied in experimental biology to accelerate the understanding of the sophiscated movements in living organisms. A brave assay and an excellent example ...It has been a dream that theoretical biology can be extensively applied in experimental biology to accelerate the understanding of the sophiscated movements in living organisms. A brave assay and an excellent example were represented by enzymology, in which the well-established physico-chemistry is used to describe, to fit, to predict and to improve enzyme reactions. Before the modern bioinformatics, the developments of the combination of theoretical biology and experimental biology have been mainly limited to various classic formulations. The systematic use of graphic rules by Prof. Kuo-Chen Chou and his co-workers has significantly facilitated to deal with complicated enzyme systems. With the recent fast progress of bioinformatics, prediction of protein structures and various protein attributes have been well established by Chou and co-workers, stimulating the experimental biology. For example, their recent method for predicting protein subcellular localization (one of the important attributes of proteins) has been extensively applied by scientific colleagues, yielding many new results with thousands of citations. The research by Prof. Chou is characterized by introducing novel physical concepts as well as powerful and elegant mathematical methods into important biomedical problems, a focus throughout his career, even when facing enormous difficulties. His efforts in 50 years have greatly helped us to realize the dream to make “theoretical and experimental biology in one”. Prof. Richard Giege is well known for his multi-disciplinary research combining physics, chemistry, enzymology and molecular biology. His major focus of study is on the identity of tRNAs and their interactions with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), which are of critical importance to the fidelity of protein biosynthesis. He and his colleagues have carried out the first crystallization of a tRNA/aaRS complex, that between tRNAAsp and AspRS from yeast. The determination of the complex structure contributed significantly to under- stand the interaction of protein and RNA. From his fine research, they have also found other biological function of these small RNAs. He has developed in parallel appropriate methods for his research, of which the protein crystallogenesis, a name he has coined, is an excellent example. Now macromolecular crystallogenesis has become a developed science. In fact, such contribution has accelerated the development of protein crystallography, stimulating the study of macromolecular structure and function.展开更多
Based on investigations of 112 Chinese firms and studies on foreign leading eorporafiorm, a theo-retical framework of dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation (SI) is put forward. Several large firms in China wi...Based on investigations of 112 Chinese firms and studies on foreign leading eorporafiorm, a theo-retical framework of dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation (SI) is put forward. Several large firms in China winning through SI were studied empirically. This paper complements previous publications on the theories of innovation and strategy. This work' s findings will be useful for managers interested in our approach,which highlights the importance of SI and focuses on and points out the major pitfalls in the innovation processes. Implementing the dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation can effectively cultivate and develop core eompetences of eorporations. It is eoncluded that implementing SI is the only path for Chinese enterprise growth in the intensified competition in the knowledge economy.展开更多
Given the challenges facing most humanitarian operations worldwide, a change of approach is needed to ensure greater sustainability of humanitarian settlements right from the planning stage. Some studies attribute uns...Given the challenges facing most humanitarian operations worldwide, a change of approach is needed to ensure greater sustainability of humanitarian settlements right from the planning stage. Some studies attribute unsustainability to inadequate provision of basic resources and highlight the apparent bottlenecks that prevent access to the meaningful data needed to plan and remedy problems. Most operations have relied on an “ad hoc ism” approach, employing parallel and disconnected data processing methods, resulting in a wide range of data being collected without subsequent prioritization to optimize interconnections that could enhance performance. There have been little efforts to study the trade-offs potentially at stake. This work proposes a new framework enabling all subsystems to operate in a single system and focusing on data processing perspective. To achieve this, this paper proposes a Triple Nexus Framework as an attempt to integrate water, energy, and housing sector data derived from a specific sub-system within the overall system in the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering. Understanding the synergies between water, energy, and housing, Systems Engineering characterizes the triple nexus framework and identifies opportunities for improved decision-making in processing operational data from these sectors. Two scenarios illustrate how an integrated platform could be a gateway to access meaningful operational data in the system and a starting point for modeling integrated human settlement systems. Upon execution, the model is tested for nexus megadata processing, and the optimization simulation yielded 67% satisfactory results, demonstrating that an integrated system could improve sustainability, and that capacity building in service delivery is more than beneficial.展开更多
A series of hydrogenated silicon thin films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (RF-PECVD) with various si-lane concentrations. The influence of silane concentration o...A series of hydrogenated silicon thin films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (RF-PECVD) with various si-lane concentrations. The influence of silane concentration on structural and elec-trical characteristics of these films was investigated to study the phase transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline phase. At the same time,optical emis-sion spectra (OES) from the plasma during the deposition process were monitored to get information about the plasma properties,Raman spectra were measured to study the structural characteristics of the deposited films. The combinatorial analysis of OES and Raman spectra results demonstrated that the OES can be used as a fast method to diagnose phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon. At last the physical mechanism,why both OES and Raman can be used to diagnose the phase transition,was analyzed theoretically.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer of [Ca(2-OPA)2(H2O)2]n (2-OPA-=2-oxo-1(4H)-pyridineacetate anion) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex cr...A novel coordination polymer of [Ca(2-OPA)2(H2O)2]n (2-OPA-=2-oxo-1(4H)-pyridineacetate anion) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in orthorhombic with space group Pna21, a=0.799 96(16) nm, b=0.823 77(16) nm, c=2.415 3(5) nm, V=1.591 6(6) nm3, Z=4, R=0.030 3, wR=0.070 0. The Ca atom is eight-coordinated by six O atoms of four 2-OPA- ligands and two water molecules, and displays a dodecahedron coordination geometry. Each 2-OPA- ligand bridges two adjacent Ca atoms, forming a infinite chain along the a direction. The Ca...Ca distance is 0.4102 2(8)nm. A two-dimensional supramolecular framework is further constructed by the hydrogen bonds and the weak π-π interactions. The results of TG analysis show the chain structure of the title complex was stable under 297.5 ℃. CCDC: 251669.展开更多
In this paper, a new class of over-relaxed proximal point algorithms for solving nonlinear operator equations with (A,η,m)-monotonicity framework in Hilbert spaces is introduced and studied. Further, by using the gen...In this paper, a new class of over-relaxed proximal point algorithms for solving nonlinear operator equations with (A,η,m)-monotonicity framework in Hilbert spaces is introduced and studied. Further, by using the generalized resolvent operator technique associated with the (A,η,m)-monotone operators, the approximation solvability of the operator equation problems and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the algorithm are discussed. Our results improve and generalize the corresponding results in the literature.展开更多
Background:Since the completion of the Human Genome Project,health science has been strongly influenced by the advances in genetics and genomics.However,the progress of embracing genetics and genomics into nursing dis...Background:Since the completion of the Human Genome Project,health science has been strongly influenced by the advances in genetics and genomics.However,the progress of embracing genetics and genomics into nursing discipline is limited.One of the main barriers is lack of understanding on the relevancy of genetics and genomics to nursing discipline.Objectives:This paper aims to synthesize and develop a theoretical framework for the interaction of nursing discipline with genetics and genomics.Methods:Through content analysis and constant comparative method,a theoretical framework was developed from synthesis of the studies regarding nursing and genetics/genomics indexed in multiple English and Chinese databases.Results:Four main theoretical statements were constructed in the framework:1)There are three ways to show how genetics and genomics can influence nursing discipline:a new specialty,new technologies and a new lens;2)The significant contribution of nursing discipline to genetics and genomics lies in how nurses could focus on the association between human responses and genes and how nurses could advocate for their clients in the genetic and genomic era;3)A paradigm shift occurs after a constant interaction of nursing discipline with genetics and genomics;4)Implementation strategies could be used to facilitate the integration of genetics and genomics to nursing discipline and advance the paradigm shift.Conclusions:The framework will help to understand the relationship between nursing discipline and genetics and genomics and implicate the future studies integrating genetics and genomic science into nursing discipline.展开更多
In the era of advanced machine learning techniques,the development of accurate predictive models for complex medical conditions,such as thyroid cancer,has shown remarkable progress.Accurate predictivemodels for thyroi...In the era of advanced machine learning techniques,the development of accurate predictive models for complex medical conditions,such as thyroid cancer,has shown remarkable progress.Accurate predictivemodels for thyroid cancer enhance early detection,improve resource allocation,and reduce overtreatment.However,the widespread adoption of these models in clinical practice demands predictive performance along with interpretability and transparency.This paper proposes a novel association-rule based feature-integratedmachine learning model which shows better classification and prediction accuracy than present state-of-the-artmodels.Our study also focuses on the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)values as a powerful tool for explaining thyroid cancer prediction models.In the proposed method,the association-rule based feature integration framework identifies frequently occurring attribute combinations in the dataset.The original dataset is used in trainingmachine learning models,and further used in generating SHAP values fromthesemodels.In the next phase,the dataset is integrated with the dominant feature sets identified through association-rule based analysis.This new integrated dataset is used in re-training the machine learning models.The new SHAP values generated from these models help in validating the contributions of feature sets in predicting malignancy.The conventional machine learning models lack interpretability,which can hinder their integration into clinical decision-making systems.In this study,the SHAP values are introduced along with association-rule based feature integration as a comprehensive framework for understanding the contributions of feature sets inmodelling the predictions.The study discusses the importance of reliable predictive models for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer,and a validation framework of explainability.The proposed model shows an accuracy of 93.48%.Performance metrics such as precision,recall,F1-score,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)are also higher than the baseline models.The results of the proposed model help us identify the dominant feature sets that impact thyroid cancer classification and prediction.The features{calcification}and{shape}consistently emerged as the top-ranked features associated with thyroid malignancy,in both association-rule based interestingnessmetric values and SHAPmethods.The paper highlights the potential of the rule-based integrated models with SHAP in bridging the gap between the machine learning predictions and the interpretability of this prediction which is required for real-world medical applications.展开更多
The Paris Agreement proposed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ abovepre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industriallevel...The Paris Agreement proposed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ abovepre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industriallevels. It was thus the first international treaty to endow the 2 ℃ global temperature target with legal effect.The qualitative expression of the ultimate objective in Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change (UNFCCC) has now evolved into the numerical temperature rise target in Article 2 of theParis Agreement. Starting with the Second Assessment Report (SAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change (IPCC), an important task for subsequent assessments has been to provide scientific informa-tion to help determine the quantified long-term goal for UNFCCC negotiation. However, due to involvementin the value judgment within the scope of non-scientific assessment, the IPCC has never scientifically af-firmed the unacceptable extent of global temperature rise. The setting of the long-term goal for addressingclimate change has been a long process, and the 2 ℃ global temperature target is the political consensuson the basis of scientific assessment. This article analyzes the evolution of the long-term global goal foraddressing climate change and its impact on scientific assessment, negotiation processes, and global low-carbon development, from aspects of the origin of the target, the series of assessments carried out by the 1PCCfocusing on Article 2 of the UNFCCC, and the promotion of the global temperature goal at the political level.展开更多
An exact three-dimensional solution for stochastic chaos of I wave groups of M random internal waves governed by the Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The Helmholtz decomposition is used to expand the Dirichlet pr...An exact three-dimensional solution for stochastic chaos of I wave groups of M random internal waves governed by the Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The Helmholtz decomposition is used to expand the Dirichlet problem for the Navier-Stokes equations into the Archimedean, Stokes, and Navier problems. The exact solution is obtained with the help of the method of decomposition in invariant structures. Differential algebra is constructed for six families of random invariant structures: random scalar kinematic structures, time-complementary random scalar kinematic structures, random vector kinematic structures, time-complementary random vector kinematic structures, random scalar dynamic structures, and random vector dynamic structures. Tedious computations are performed using the experimental and theoretical programming in Maple. The random scalar and vector kinematic structures and the time-complementary random scalar and vector kinematic structures are applied to solve the Stokes problem. The random scalar and vector dynamic structures are employed to expand scalar and vector variables of the Navier problem. Potentialization of the Navier field becomes available since vortex forces, which are expressed via the vector potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, counterbalance each other. On the contrary, potential forces, which are described by the scalar potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, superimpose to generate the gradient of a dynamic random pressure. Various constituents of the kinetic energy are ascribed to diverse interactions of random, three-dimensional, nonlinear, internal waves with a two-fold topology, which are termed random exponential oscillons and pulsons. Quantization of the kinetic energy of stochastic chaos is developed in terms of wave structures of random elementary oscillons, random elementary pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external elementary oscillons, random wave pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external wave oscillons, random group pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external group oscillons, a random energy pulson, random internal, diagonal, and external energy oscillons, and a random cumulative energy pulson.展开更多
The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-simil...The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10272034)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of Chinathe Basic Research Foundation of Harbin Engineering University (Grant No. 20060217020)
文摘By the generalized variational principle of two kinds of variables in general me-chanics,it was demonstrated that two Lagrangian classical relationships can be applied to both holonomic systems and nonholonomic systems. And the restriction that two Lagrangian classical relationships cannot be applied to nonholonomic systems for a long time was overcome. Then,one important formula of similar La-grangian classical relationship called the popularized Lagrangian classical rela-tionship was derived. From Vakonomic model,by two Lagrangian classical rela-tionships and the popularized Lagrangian classical relationship,the result is the same with Chetaev's model,and thus Chetaev's model and Vakonomic model were unified. Simultaneously,the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic system was established. By some representative examples,it was validated that the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic systems is right.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91844000)。
文摘Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
文摘Theoretical frameworks play a vital role in research, spelling out the constructs important in the research area, and the relationships between the constructs. An understanding of the theoretical constructs which underpin the research provides researchers with a framework, which enables them to understand when, how and why particular phenomena occur. Depending on the type of research, this either allows them to make reasoned predictions, which can be empirically tested during the research or gives direction for the research if it is open-ended and exploratory. Such frameworks not only guide the questions asked and the design of the research, but also help to interpret the data. If the situation being investigated is very complex, involving numerous interlinked variables, it is often difficult to identify a single theoretical framework that is suitable for a particular study. This article uses the case of human ecological behavioural problems associated with the conservation of biodiversity in the Rwenzori Mountains National Park, to show how a theoretical framework to investigate a complex situation was developed.
文摘In this technical paper, the oxidation mechanism and kinetics of aluminum powders are discussed in great details. The potential applications of spherical aluminum powders after oxidation to be part of the surging arresting materials are discussed. Theoretical calculations of oxidation of spherical aluminum powders in a typical gas fluidization bed are demonstrated. Computer software written by the author is used to carry out the basic calculations of important parameters of a gas fluidization bed at different temperatures. A mathematical model of the dynamic system in a gas fluidization bed is developed and the analytical solution is obtained. The mathematical model can be used to estimate aluminum oxide thickness at a defined temperature. The mathematical model created in this study is evaluated and confirmed consistently with the experimental results on a gas fluidization bed. Detail technical discussion of the oxidation mechanism of aluminum is carried out. The mathematical deviations of the mathematical modeling have demonstrated in great details. This mathematical model developed in this study and validated with experimental results can bring a great value for the quantitative analysis of a gas fluidization bed in general from a theoretical point of view. It can be applied for the oxidation not only for aluminum spherical powders, but also for other spherical metal powders. The mathematical model developed can further enhance the applications of gas fluidization technology. In addition to the development of mathematical modeling of a gas fluidization bed reactor, the formation of oxide film through diffusion on both planar and spherical aluminum surfaces is analyzed through a thorough mathematical deviation using diffusion theory and Laplace transformation. The dominant defects and their impact to oxidation of aluminum are also discussed in detail. The well-controlled oxidation film on spherical metal powders such as aluminum and other metal spherical powders can potentially become an important part of switch devices of surge arresting materials, in general.
文摘It has been a dream that theoretical biology can be extensively applied in experimental biology to accelerate the understanding of the sophiscated movements in living organisms. A brave assay and an excellent example were represented by enzymology, in which the well-established physico-chemistry is used to describe, to fit, to predict and to improve enzyme reactions. Before the modern bioinformatics, the developments of the combination of theoretical biology and experimental biology have been mainly limited to various classic formulations. The systematic use of graphic rules by Prof. Kuo-Chen Chou and his co-workers has significantly facilitated to deal with complicated enzyme systems. With the recent fast progress of bioinformatics, prediction of protein structures and various protein attributes have been well established by Chou and co-workers, stimulating the experimental biology. For example, their recent method for predicting protein subcellular localization (one of the important attributes of proteins) has been extensively applied by scientific colleagues, yielding many new results with thousands of citations. The research by Prof. Chou is characterized by introducing novel physical concepts as well as powerful and elegant mathematical methods into important biomedical problems, a focus throughout his career, even when facing enormous difficulties. His efforts in 50 years have greatly helped us to realize the dream to make “theoretical and experimental biology in one”. Prof. Richard Giege is well known for his multi-disciplinary research combining physics, chemistry, enzymology and molecular biology. His major focus of study is on the identity of tRNAs and their interactions with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), which are of critical importance to the fidelity of protein biosynthesis. He and his colleagues have carried out the first crystallization of a tRNA/aaRS complex, that between tRNAAsp and AspRS from yeast. The determination of the complex structure contributed significantly to under- stand the interaction of protein and RNA. From his fine research, they have also found other biological function of these small RNAs. He has developed in parallel appropriate methods for his research, of which the protein crystallogenesis, a name he has coined, is an excellent example. Now macromolecular crystallogenesis has become a developed science. In fact, such contribution has accelerated the development of protein crystallography, stimulating the study of macromolecular structure and function.
文摘Based on investigations of 112 Chinese firms and studies on foreign leading eorporafiorm, a theo-retical framework of dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation (SI) is put forward. Several large firms in China winning through SI were studied empirically. This paper complements previous publications on the theories of innovation and strategy. This work' s findings will be useful for managers interested in our approach,which highlights the importance of SI and focuses on and points out the major pitfalls in the innovation processes. Implementing the dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation can effectively cultivate and develop core eompetences of eorporations. It is eoncluded that implementing SI is the only path for Chinese enterprise growth in the intensified competition in the knowledge economy.
文摘Given the challenges facing most humanitarian operations worldwide, a change of approach is needed to ensure greater sustainability of humanitarian settlements right from the planning stage. Some studies attribute unsustainability to inadequate provision of basic resources and highlight the apparent bottlenecks that prevent access to the meaningful data needed to plan and remedy problems. Most operations have relied on an “ad hoc ism” approach, employing parallel and disconnected data processing methods, resulting in a wide range of data being collected without subsequent prioritization to optimize interconnections that could enhance performance. There have been little efforts to study the trade-offs potentially at stake. This work proposes a new framework enabling all subsystems to operate in a single system and focusing on data processing perspective. To achieve this, this paper proposes a Triple Nexus Framework as an attempt to integrate water, energy, and housing sector data derived from a specific sub-system within the overall system in the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering. Understanding the synergies between water, energy, and housing, Systems Engineering characterizes the triple nexus framework and identifies opportunities for improved decision-making in processing operational data from these sectors. Two scenarios illustrate how an integrated platform could be a gateway to access meaningful operational data in the system and a starting point for modeling integrated human settlement systems. Upon execution, the model is tested for nexus megadata processing, and the optimization simulation yielded 67% satisfactory results, demonstrating that an integrated system could improve sustainability, and that capacity building in service delivery is more than beneficial.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB202602 and 2006CB202603)
文摘A series of hydrogenated silicon thin films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (RF-PECVD) with various si-lane concentrations. The influence of silane concentration on structural and elec-trical characteristics of these films was investigated to study the phase transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline phase. At the same time,optical emis-sion spectra (OES) from the plasma during the deposition process were monitored to get information about the plasma properties,Raman spectra were measured to study the structural characteristics of the deposited films. The combinatorial analysis of OES and Raman spectra results demonstrated that the OES can be used as a fast method to diagnose phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon. At last the physical mechanism,why both OES and Raman can be used to diagnose the phase transition,was analyzed theoretically.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(10ZR1400300 )Central University Special Foundation of Basic Research and Operating expenses+1 种基金Creative Group Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50721006)Key Discipline construction Project of Shanghai (B604)~~
文摘A novel coordination polymer of [Ca(2-OPA)2(H2O)2]n (2-OPA-=2-oxo-1(4H)-pyridineacetate anion) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in orthorhombic with space group Pna21, a=0.799 96(16) nm, b=0.823 77(16) nm, c=2.415 3(5) nm, V=1.591 6(6) nm3, Z=4, R=0.030 3, wR=0.070 0. The Ca atom is eight-coordinated by six O atoms of four 2-OPA- ligands and two water molecules, and displays a dodecahedron coordination geometry. Each 2-OPA- ligand bridges two adjacent Ca atoms, forming a infinite chain along the a direction. The Ca...Ca distance is 0.4102 2(8)nm. A two-dimensional supramolecular framework is further constructed by the hydrogen bonds and the weak π-π interactions. The results of TG analysis show the chain structure of the title complex was stable under 297.5 ℃. CCDC: 251669.
文摘In this paper, a new class of over-relaxed proximal point algorithms for solving nonlinear operator equations with (A,η,m)-monotonicity framework in Hilbert spaces is introduced and studied. Further, by using the generalized resolvent operator technique associated with the (A,η,m)-monotone operators, the approximation solvability of the operator equation problems and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the algorithm are discussed. Our results improve and generalize the corresponding results in the literature.
基金This study was funded by Shanghai Jiaotong University Multidisciplinary Research Grant,17JCYA14.The first author(Hu)was supported by Ontario Trillium Scholarship in a PhD program at the University of Ottawa
文摘Background:Since the completion of the Human Genome Project,health science has been strongly influenced by the advances in genetics and genomics.However,the progress of embracing genetics and genomics into nursing discipline is limited.One of the main barriers is lack of understanding on the relevancy of genetics and genomics to nursing discipline.Objectives:This paper aims to synthesize and develop a theoretical framework for the interaction of nursing discipline with genetics and genomics.Methods:Through content analysis and constant comparative method,a theoretical framework was developed from synthesis of the studies regarding nursing and genetics/genomics indexed in multiple English and Chinese databases.Results:Four main theoretical statements were constructed in the framework:1)There are three ways to show how genetics and genomics can influence nursing discipline:a new specialty,new technologies and a new lens;2)The significant contribution of nursing discipline to genetics and genomics lies in how nurses could focus on the association between human responses and genes and how nurses could advocate for their clients in the genetic and genomic era;3)A paradigm shift occurs after a constant interaction of nursing discipline with genetics and genomics;4)Implementation strategies could be used to facilitate the integration of genetics and genomics to nursing discipline and advance the paradigm shift.Conclusions:The framework will help to understand the relationship between nursing discipline and genetics and genomics and implicate the future studies integrating genetics and genomic science into nursing discipline.
文摘In the era of advanced machine learning techniques,the development of accurate predictive models for complex medical conditions,such as thyroid cancer,has shown remarkable progress.Accurate predictivemodels for thyroid cancer enhance early detection,improve resource allocation,and reduce overtreatment.However,the widespread adoption of these models in clinical practice demands predictive performance along with interpretability and transparency.This paper proposes a novel association-rule based feature-integratedmachine learning model which shows better classification and prediction accuracy than present state-of-the-artmodels.Our study also focuses on the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)values as a powerful tool for explaining thyroid cancer prediction models.In the proposed method,the association-rule based feature integration framework identifies frequently occurring attribute combinations in the dataset.The original dataset is used in trainingmachine learning models,and further used in generating SHAP values fromthesemodels.In the next phase,the dataset is integrated with the dominant feature sets identified through association-rule based analysis.This new integrated dataset is used in re-training the machine learning models.The new SHAP values generated from these models help in validating the contributions of feature sets in predicting malignancy.The conventional machine learning models lack interpretability,which can hinder their integration into clinical decision-making systems.In this study,the SHAP values are introduced along with association-rule based feature integration as a comprehensive framework for understanding the contributions of feature sets inmodelling the predictions.The study discusses the importance of reliable predictive models for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer,and a validation framework of explainability.The proposed model shows an accuracy of 93.48%.Performance metrics such as precision,recall,F1-score,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)are also higher than the baseline models.The results of the proposed model help us identify the dominant feature sets that impact thyroid cancer classification and prediction.The features{calcification}and{shape}consistently emerged as the top-ranked features associated with thyroid malignancy,in both association-rule based interestingnessmetric values and SHAPmethods.The paper highlights the potential of the rule-based integrated models with SHAP in bridging the gap between the machine learning predictions and the interpretability of this prediction which is required for real-world medical applications.
文摘The Paris Agreement proposed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ abovepre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industriallevels. It was thus the first international treaty to endow the 2 ℃ global temperature target with legal effect.The qualitative expression of the ultimate objective in Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change (UNFCCC) has now evolved into the numerical temperature rise target in Article 2 of theParis Agreement. Starting with the Second Assessment Report (SAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change (IPCC), an important task for subsequent assessments has been to provide scientific informa-tion to help determine the quantified long-term goal for UNFCCC negotiation. However, due to involvementin the value judgment within the scope of non-scientific assessment, the IPCC has never scientifically af-firmed the unacceptable extent of global temperature rise. The setting of the long-term goal for addressingclimate change has been a long process, and the 2 ℃ global temperature target is the political consensuson the basis of scientific assessment. This article analyzes the evolution of the long-term global goal foraddressing climate change and its impact on scientific assessment, negotiation processes, and global low-carbon development, from aspects of the origin of the target, the series of assessments carried out by the 1PCCfocusing on Article 2 of the UNFCCC, and the promotion of the global temperature goal at the political level.
文摘An exact three-dimensional solution for stochastic chaos of I wave groups of M random internal waves governed by the Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The Helmholtz decomposition is used to expand the Dirichlet problem for the Navier-Stokes equations into the Archimedean, Stokes, and Navier problems. The exact solution is obtained with the help of the method of decomposition in invariant structures. Differential algebra is constructed for six families of random invariant structures: random scalar kinematic structures, time-complementary random scalar kinematic structures, random vector kinematic structures, time-complementary random vector kinematic structures, random scalar dynamic structures, and random vector dynamic structures. Tedious computations are performed using the experimental and theoretical programming in Maple. The random scalar and vector kinematic structures and the time-complementary random scalar and vector kinematic structures are applied to solve the Stokes problem. The random scalar and vector dynamic structures are employed to expand scalar and vector variables of the Navier problem. Potentialization of the Navier field becomes available since vortex forces, which are expressed via the vector potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, counterbalance each other. On the contrary, potential forces, which are described by the scalar potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, superimpose to generate the gradient of a dynamic random pressure. Various constituents of the kinetic energy are ascribed to diverse interactions of random, three-dimensional, nonlinear, internal waves with a two-fold topology, which are termed random exponential oscillons and pulsons. Quantization of the kinetic energy of stochastic chaos is developed in terms of wave structures of random elementary oscillons, random elementary pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external elementary oscillons, random wave pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external wave oscillons, random group pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external group oscillons, a random energy pulson, random internal, diagonal, and external energy oscillons, and a random cumulative energy pulson.
文摘The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.