Effect of acute alcoholism on hepatic enzymes and oxidation/antioxidation in rats

BACKGROUND: Around the world more and more people suffer from acute alcoholism. The purpose of this study was to determine hepatic enzymes and oxidation/antioxidation in rats with acute alcoholism. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into three groups; control, low-dose alcohol, and high-dose alcohol. Each al- cohol group ( n = 12) was intravenously infused with etha- nol at a dose of 0.3 or 0.7 g/kg body weight respectively. The control group (n =11) was intravenously infused with normal saline at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight. Blood was collected for detection of hepatic enzymes and index of oxidation/antioxidation. RESULTS: The ratio of AST to ALT was 2.44±0.46, 2.57± 0.60 and 3.03 ±0.46 in the three groups, and the difference was significant between the control and high-dose alcohol groups (P^0.05). No significant changes were observed in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspar- tate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (Tp), albumin (Alb), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (ChE), total bilirubin (TB), C-reactive protein (CRP) and amy- lase. The levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) in the 3 groups were 39.2 ±73.25 mol/L, 42.30 ±4.60 mol/L and 47.86± 4.66 mol/L, and significant difference was seen between the control group and the high-dose alcohol group (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found in the levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondiethylaldehyde (MDA), and CRP in the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: The ratio of AST to ALT appears to be a useful index for acute alcohol intoxication. NO is involved in the mechanism of acute alcohol intoxication.

Study on Antioxidation Effect of Polyphenols from Pomegranate Peel in Vivo

[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,n=10; the protein content, the activities of the superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, the content of the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） in serum and liver tissue of the rats from different groups were determined. [Result]The polyphenols of pomegranate peel could increase protein content, activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue, and decrease the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） content simultaneously. [Conclusion] Polyphenols of pomegranate peel have strong antioxidant activity in vivo.

Comparisons between Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidation of Momordica charantia L. in Different Varieties

[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of free or bound phenol and components of free phenol. FRAP （Freeic reducing/antioxidant power）, DPPH （1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）, and ABTS ＋· （2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt） were used to measure antioxidation and analyze relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidation. [Result] Among the fourteen varieties of balsam pear, free, bound and total phenols were 157.58 -382.92, 6.46 -54 and 175.27 -413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW; coefficients of variance were 23.50% , 61.04% and 21.58%, respectively; free phenol accounted for 91.34% of total phenol and bound phenol accounted for 8.66% ; contents of total flavone for the fourteen varieties were from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW and the coefficient was at 22.80%; vanillic aldehyde acid, epicatechin and rutin differed in contents among different varieties, which changed in 1.83-9.29, 35.17-114.52 and 0.91-4.53 mg/100 g DW and the coefficients were 43.85%, 26.97% and 33.09%; FRAP antioxidation was at 272.16 -713.32 mg TE/100 g DW and coefficient at 27.67% ; IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋· clearance were 11.43-34.14 and 21.57-119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and coefficients were at 35.10% and 63.75% , accordingly; content of total phenol was of extremely positive correlation with FRAP （P0.01） and of extremely negative correlation with IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋ · clearance （P0.01）. [Conclusion] Contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidation are of significant genotype differences; and phenolic substance and antioxidation are mainly in free form and phenolic substance is the major basis for antioxidation.

Correlation Between Antioxidation and the Content of Total Phenolics and Anthocyanin in Black Soybean Accessions

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between antioxidations and the contents of the total phenolics and anthocyanin in 127 accessions of black soybean. A T-test, a fast clustering procedure, and a correlation coefficient analysis were used for experimentation. The variation ranges of the total antioxidant capacity （TAC）, the total phenolics, and anthocyanin contents in 127 black soybean accessions were 0.44-3.56, 7.05-74.82, and 0.22-1.87 mg g-l, respectively, displaying significant genotype differences. The major differences in TAC, the total phenolics, and the anthocyanin contents existed among various types of accessions from geographical regions. The differences between the accessions from black and yellow soybeans, spring and autumn, summer and autumn, Dongbeichun and Nanfangchun, Dongbeichun and Nanfangxia, Beifangchun and Nanfangchun, and Beifangchun and Nanfangxia were significant at 0.01 or 0.05 levels, respectively. The general tendency was that the TAC, the total phenolics, and the anthocyanin contents of Beifangchun accessions were higher than that of Dongbeichun ones, while that of Nanfangchun accessions were the worst. 127 black soybean accessions could be clustered into 6 clusters, which consisted of 3, 24, 20, 31, 37, and 12 accessions, respectively. The most significant （P 〈 0.01） correlations existed respectively between the TAC and the total showed that the total substances phenolics content, and the TAC and the anthocyanin content of black soybean. The results phenolics and anthocyanin in black soybean seed coat were the important antioxidation

Antioxidations and Their Correlations with Total Flavones and Anthocyanin Contents in Different Black Rice Varieties

The antioxidations and their correlations with total flavones and anthocyanin contents in different black rice varieties were studied. The results indicated that the great differences in total antioxidant capacity （TAC）, scavenging free radical capacity （SFRC）, total flavones and anthocyanin contents existed among 242 black rice varieties. Comparisons of TAC, SFRC, total flavones and anthocyanin contents of different black rice types showed that the differences between black rice and white rice, indica one and japonica one, and nonglutinous one and glutinous one were significant at 0.01 levels, respectively. This showed that the TAC, SFRC, total flavones and anthocyanin contents of japonica type were higher than those of indica one, and nonglutinous type were higher than glutinous one. According to the fast clustering procedure, 242 black rice varieties could be clustered into 10 clusters, 184 indica rice varieties into 10 clusters, and 58 japonica rice varieties into 6 clusters. Most significant （P〈0.01） correlations existed between TAC and total flavones and anthocyanin contents, and between SFRC and total flavones and anthocyanin contents of black rice, respectively. This showed that the antioxidation of black rice was closely correlated with its active compositions of flavones and anthocyanin.

Antioxidation Activities of Low-Molecular-Weight Gelatin Hydrolysate Isolated from the Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus

Gelatin extracted from the body wall of the sea cucumber （Stichopus japonicus） was hydrolyzed with flavourzyme. Low-molecular-weight gelatin hydrolysate （LMW-GH） of 700-- 1700 Da was produced using an ultrafiltration membrane bioreaetor system. Chemiluminescence analysis revealed that LMW-GH scavenges high free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner; IC50 value for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was 442 and 285 μgmL-1, respectively. LMW-GH exhibited excellent inhibitory characteristics against melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Furthermore, LMW-GH notably increased in- traeellular glutathione （GSH）, which in turn suppressed melanogenesis. LMW-GH performs antioxidation activity, holding the potential of being used as a valuable ingredient in function foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals or nutriceuticals.

A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside with antioxidation activity from the root bark of Morus alba L.

A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside（1） was isolated from the root bark ofMorus alba L.,along with moracin M-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）,and moracin M-6,3′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（3）.Compound 1 was identified as 2-methylene-3-methoxy-2, 5-dihydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.In addition,the antioxidant activity of 1 was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） and 2,2′-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid（ABTS） assay.The IC_（50） values were 2.49 and 0.45 mg/mL,respectively.

Effects of the Syzygium aromaticum L. extract on antioxidation and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase in human dermal fibroblast

Objective: To investigate cosmetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum L.(S. aromaticum L.) and to determine its antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects. Methods: Using highperformance liquid chromatography, eugenol component was quantitated. The antioxidant activity of S. aromaticum L. was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase like activities. To determine cell viability, elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) activity, human dermal fibroblasts(HS68) were treated with S. aromaticum L. The inhibitory effect of S. aromaticum L. on tumor necrosis factor alpha induced MMPs expression in HS68 was analyzed by realtime-PCR. Results: The eugenol content was confirmed in S. aromaticum L. S. aromaticum L. was observed to have high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase like activity. S. aromaticum L. had no cytotoxicity against the HS68 and dose-dependently increased elastase inhibition. Moreover, S. aromaticum L. significantly decreased MMP-1 content and inhibited gene levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9. Conclusions: The findings suggest that S. aromaticum L. has great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with antioxidant and antiwrinkling effects.

Oxidation and Antioxidation of Nanocrystalline Powders of Nd-Fe-B

The Nd Fe B magnet powders were treated by organosilicon resins, silane coupling agent and dichromate salts. Using temperature tests, high temperature and high humidity tests, and DTA, the antioxidation behavior was studied. The results show that antioxidation characte ristics are improved remarkably.

Antioxidation and active constituents analysis of flower residue of Rosa Damascena Mill

OBJECTIVE To make full of resource,the bioactivity and active constituent analysis were firstly system⁃atically investigated on damask rose flower residue(DRFR).METHODS DPPH and ABTS experiments were applied to assess the antioxidant activity of DRFR.Then,column chromatography was used to purify compounds from DRFR-A,and the chemical structure was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The total phenolic acid content was measured by folin-ciocalteu colorimetric method and the content of gallic acid the indicator ingredient,was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).RESULTS By DPPH and ABTS experiments,an antioxidation extract(DRFR-A)was found and displayed a high activity both on DPPH(IC50:2.760 mg·L^-1)and ABTS(IC50:2.258 mg·L^-1)compared to positive control VC.Ten compounds were isolated and identified from DRFR-A,and the most are phenolic acids.Among them,pyrogallic acid,2-phenylethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxy⁃phenethyl alcohol were obtained from the plant for the first time.The content of total phenolic acids and main ingredient,gallic acid,in DRFR-A was determined as 63.73%and 5.12%,respectively.CONCLUSION This study provides reliable science data and lays the foundation for the development and utilization of rose residue,and hence for the full utilization of rose resources.

Antioxidation Study of Sm(Co, Cu, Fe, Zr)_z-Sintered Permanent Magnets by Metal Injection Molding

Antioxidation effects on Sm （Co, Cu, Fe, Zr）z-sintered magnets treated by different methods were studied through TGA and DTA. Microstructure of Sm（Co, Cu, Fe, Zr）z-sintered magnets was analyzed through SEM and EDS. The results indicate that the antioxidation effect of the alloy powder treated in silane solution is better than that of the other methods. The alloy powders treated in stearic acid （SA） solution and polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） solution can prevent powders from oxidation for a short period of time. Silane solution is not suitable for metal injection molding （MIM） because it severely damages the magnetic properties and microstructure of Sm（Co, Cu, Fe, Zr）z-sintered magnets. SA solution can not only prevent powders from oxidizing in MIM, but also does not damage magnetic properties and microstructure of Sm（Co, Cu, Fe, Zr）z magnets. The oxygen content of Sm（Co, Cu, Fe, Zr）z-sintered magnets by MIM is 3300μg·g^-1.

Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Multifunctional Metal (Calcium,Magnesium) Oleate Detergent with Antioxidation Property

This article covers a method for synthesizing environmentally friendly multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property.These multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property were synthesized using oil-soluble liquid antioxidants (PPIBP,PPIBTSTBP,and PPIBPDA) as reactive functional materials.These oil-soluble liquid antioxidants have the potential to be used as functional materials for application in synthesizing other kinds of substrate detergents.

Study on the Antioxidation of the Compound Beverage of Winter Jujube and Peanut Meal

[ Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidative index of the compound beverage of winter jujube and peanut meal, discuss the im-pact of the storage conditions on its antioxidative activity and provide theoretical basis for the utilization of winter jujube and peanut meal resources. [Method] A kind of compound beverage was prepared with winter jujube and peanut meal, and its antioxidative activity was detected and its best storage conditions were determined. [ Result] The capacity of the compound beverage stored for 20 d to scavenge · OH, DPPH · and nitroso was the highest at freeze conditions, then followed by the refrigeration conditions, room temperature storage and sunlight. The total reducing capacity of the products was the highest under freezing conditions while the lowest under sunlight when some active components were destroyed. [ Conclusion] It is the best to store the compound beverage of winter jujube and peanut meal at freeze conditions and better at the refrigeration conditions. The storage of compound beverage should avoid direct sunlight. Key words Winter jujube; Peanut meal; Compound beverage; Antioxidation; China

Attribution of Antioxidation of Quercetin in Vitro and Arbor Acre Broilers

The antioxidant effects of quercetin were studied in vitro and in vivo.In vitro,vitamin C was used as a positive control to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of quercetin in three aspects:scavenging free radicals,protecting biological macromolecules and the total reducing power.In vivo,a total of 240 AA broilers(1-day age)with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates in each group,and 10 broilers in each replicate.The four groups were fed with corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0.00%,0.02%,0.04%and 0.06%quercetin to study its effects on antioxidant indexes of AA broilers,and to explore the optimal dose of quercetin as a dietary additive.The results showed that quercetin scavenged superoxide anion,hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)in vitro,the scavenging effects of quercetin on O_(2)-and•OH first increased and then decreased with the increase of the concentrations(P<0.01),and its maximum scavenging effect was observed at concentrations of 40 and 300 mg·L^(-1).The scavenging effects of quercetin on DPPH was increased constantly with increasing concentrations.The scavenging effect of quercetin on three free radicals was DPPH>•OH>O_(2)-.The inhibition of vitelline lipoprotein peroxidation by quercetin was increased with increasing concentrations(P<0.01)and the inhibitory effect was higher than that of vitamin C.The inhibition of red blood cell hemolysis by quercetin was increased with increasing concentrations at 0.05-1.25 mg·L^(-1)(P<0.01);however,the inhibition tended to decrease when the concentration was too high(31.25 mg·L^(-1)),and the inhibitory effect was higher than that of vitamin C.The inhibition of mitochondrial expansion by quercetin was increased with increasing concentrations,according to the degree of mitochondrial expansion at 60 min,the integrity of mitochondria in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.01).The total reducing power of quercetin was increased with increasing concentrations(P<0.01);however,the total reducing power was less than that of vitamin C.In vivo,malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO)were significantly decreased with increasing quercetin(P<0.01).Quercetin supplementation had no effect on the content of lipid peroxidation(LPO)in livers(P>0.05);however,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was significantly increased,whereas glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and catalase(CAT)activities were significantly decreased in livers with increasing quercetin(P<0.05).These results suggested that quercetin exhibited strong antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo.

Influence of deposition voltage on phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings

Cristobalite aluminum phosphate (C-AlPO_4) coatings were prepared by a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process on SiC-coated C/C composites. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. The influence of deposition voltage on the phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings was investigated. Results show that the as-prepared coatings are composed of cristobalite aluminum phosphate crystallites. The thickness and density of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings are improved with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition amount and bonding strength of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings also increase with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition mass per unit area of the coatings and the square root of the deposition time at different hydrothermal voltages satisfy linear relationship. The antioxidation property of the coated C/C composites is improved with the increase of deposition voltage. Compared with SiC coatings prepared by pack cementation, the multilayer coatings prepared by pack cementation with a later hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process exhibit better antioxidation property. The as-prepared multi-coatings can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation in air at 1 773 K for 37 h with a mass loss rate of 0.53%.

Effects of EGCG on Liver Antioxidation and Fat Metabolism in Heat-stressed Broilers

This study aims to investigate the effects of EGCG on the lipid deposition and liver anti-oxidative capacity of broilers under heat stress.One hundred and ninety-two 2-week-old broilers were divided into four groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 chickens per replicate:one thermoneutral control group(28℃,TN group),which was fed the basal diet,and three cyclic high-temperature groups(35℃from 7:00 to 19:00 h;28℃from 19:00 h to 7:00 h,heat stress(HS)group),which were fed the basal diet added with EGCG at doses of 0(HS0 group),300(HS300 group),and 600 mg/kg(HS600 group),respectively.The liver metabolism and lipid deposition indices were performed at 35 d of age.The results showed that heat stress decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and the Nrf2 mRNA expression in liver,and increase significantly the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the expression of LITAF,NF-KB,FAS,SREBP1 mRNA and the lipid deposition compared with TN group.EGCG(HS300 and HS600 group)increased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and catalase(CAT),increased the Nrf2 mRNA expression,decreased the MDA contents,and reduced the lipid deposition and expression of LITAF,NF-KB,FAS and SREBP1 mRNA.In conclusion,the results of this study show that EGCG can improve liver antioxidative capacity to alleviate oxidative damage caused by heat stress.

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives on Growth,Immunity and Antioxidation of Chickens

Chinese herbal medicine additives can not only directly improve the growth performance of chickens,but also indirectly affect the growth of chickens by enhancing the antioxidant capacity,immunity and disease resistance of the body,and eliminating diseases and adverse factors,thereby improving the growth performance of chickens.In the context of the current national prohibition of adding antibiotics to feed,the research and application of Chinese herbal medicine additives are of practical significance to eliminate the long-term use of antibiotics as chicken feed additives and reduce the threat to the environment and human health.For this reason,the research related to the substitution of Chinese herbal medicine for antibiotics is made a brief introduction to provide a reference in research and production practice.

Conditon of the Serum Antioxidation in Normal Pregnant Women near Term

In order to investigate the condition of antioxidation in normal pregnancy, the serum levels of antioxidant activity (AOA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, uric acid and vitamin C were measured in 30 cases of normal pregnant women near term. The results showed that the serum levels of both AOA and SOD activity (nitrite unit per mg serum protein) in normal pregnant woment group were significantly higher than that of nonpregnant women group (P<001 and P<0.005, respectively), which indicated that the serum condition of antioxidation was improved during normal pregnancy. Besides, the level of vitamin C decreased and the level of uric acid remained unchanged.

MOXIBUSTION ENHANCES ANTIOXIDATION ACTIVITY OF THE BODY

Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) for two weeks increased the activity of both total antioxidation and SOD in rat plasma and gastric mucosa, decreased the content of MDA in the plasma butnot in the gastric mucosa.

Effects of L-carnitine on Blood Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidation in Hyperlipidemia Rats

[Objective] To study the effects of L-carnitine （LC） on lowering the high blood lipid and antioxidation in hyperlipidemia rats. [Method] 50 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. They were fed with standard diet, high-cholesterol diet and high-cholesterol diet with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g/（ kg · d） LC. After the LC groups were consecutively orally administered LC for 28 days, rat serum total cholesterol （ TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein （ HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein （LDL-C） content, as well as super oxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondial- dehyde （MDA） content in serum and liver were determined. [ Reset~ Compared with the high-fat model group, LC could significantly reduce the se- rum TC, TG, LDL-C levels, increase HDL-C level, and enhance SOD activity in serum and liver, decrease the content of MDA （ P 〈0.05）. [ Con- Clusion] LC might have a significant role in lowering the high blood lipid and improving internal antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemia rats.