Let G be a locally compact Lie group and its Lie algebra. We consider a fuzzy analogue of G, denoted by called a fuzzy Lie group. Spherical functions on are constructed and a version of the existence result of the Hel...Let G be a locally compact Lie group and its Lie algebra. We consider a fuzzy analogue of G, denoted by called a fuzzy Lie group. Spherical functions on are constructed and a version of the existence result of the Helgason-spherical function on G is then established on .展开更多
The Paraconsistent Many-Valued Similarity (PMVS) method for multi-attribute decision making will be incomplete as a decision model if it is not extended to the realm of group decision-making. Therefore, in this articl...The Paraconsistent Many-Valued Similarity (PMVS) method for multi-attribute decision making will be incomplete as a decision model if it is not extended to the realm of group decision-making. Therefore, in this article, our primary objective is to show how the paraconsistent many-valued similarity method can be used to solve group decision-making problems involving choice making or ranking of a finite set of decision alternatives. Moreover, since weights are very important parameters in multi-attribute decision-making, we have introduced the Borda rule to calculate the weights of experts and that of every criterion under consideration. To demonstrate how the proposed method works, a numerical example on energy sources of an economy from the points of view of a group of experts is investigated. Further, we compare the results of this new approach with that of fuzzy TOPSIS group decision-making method to illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the former.展开更多
In the course of organic synthesis, particularly for multi-step synthesis or natural product total synthesis, the selection of appropriate protective groups for the intended functionality is crucial in order to achiev...In the course of organic synthesis, particularly for multi-step synthesis or natural product total synthesis, the selection of appropriate protective groups for the intended functionality is crucial in order to achieve chemoselective synthetic goals. The development of many useful protective groups has been reported based on the functionality of the anilino group. Herein, we discuss our study of various protective groups and the processes we used to establish compatibility with anilino functionality via the implementation of Oxone-mediated oxidative esterification in methanol. The results and the details of our experiments are reported herein.展开更多
Background: The gram-positive, beta-hemolytic, and chain-forming Group B Streptococcus (GBS), commonly known as Streptococcus agalactiae, may asymptomatically invade the human gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts. Howe...Background: The gram-positive, beta-hemolytic, and chain-forming Group B Streptococcus (GBS), commonly known as Streptococcus agalactiae, may asymptomatically invade the human gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts. However, GBS may become very invasive and pathogenic to the mother and baby during pregnancy, having negative effects. Study Aim: This study aims to investigate the pregnancy outcomes of women who tested positive for genitourinary GBS infection during pregnancy in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from patient files in Armed Forces Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia. Data collected were entered to a Microsoft Excel sheet, then imported and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The study included 272 women of whom 66.5% were 31 to 45 years old. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed in 8.5% of the sample, 71.7% had a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD), 1.8% had previous abortions, and 27.2% of new-borns were admitted to the NICU after delivery. There was a significant association between NICU admissions and women employment status (p = 0.001), gravidity (p = 0.001), parity (p = 0.001), history of abortions (p = 0.001), medical conditions (p = 0.049), and mode of delivery (p = 0.049). Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, GBS infection during pregnancy is associated to more NICU admissions. NICU admissions were significantly correlated with gestational diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism in mothers but not with intrapartum antibiotic use.展开更多
In our paper Simplicial K(G, 1)’s we constructed a sub-complex of the nerve of a group G determined by a partial group structure, and we proved, under a generalized associativity condition called regularity, that the...In our paper Simplicial K(G, 1)’s we constructed a sub-complex of the nerve of a group G determined by a partial group structure, and we proved, under a generalized associativity condition called regularity, that the sub-complex realizes as a K(G, 1). This type of sub-complex appears naturally in several topological and algebraic contexts. In this note we prove that regularity of a partial group implies that the Kan extension condition is satisfied on its nerve in dimensions greater than one, and in dimension one a weaker version of the extension condition holds.展开更多
Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of...Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.展开更多
Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a real public health problem, particularly in Africa. Among these ESBLs, there are the Muenchen Cefotaximase (CTX-M) described all over the wo...Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a real public health problem, particularly in Africa. Among these ESBLs, there are the Muenchen Cefotaximase (CTX-M) described all over the world of which the most frequent is the CTX-M of group 1 particularly the CTX-M-15 variant. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CTX-M group 1 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains and to test their antibiotics susceptibility profile. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to detect ESBL-secreting Escherichia coli strains by the synergy test. Identification of CTX-M type ESBL from group 1 was performed using the NG-Test CTX-M rapid diagnostic test (NG-Biotech®). Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines 2019. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed with Excel version 2010 and SPSS 20.0 respectively. Results: Eighty-two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were tested. A group 1 CTX-M ESBL was detected in 75.6% of the strains (n = 62). These strains were highly resistant to cefotaxim (100%), aztreonam (100%), ceftazidim (85.4%) and cefepim (66.1%). They were also resistant to quinolones, gentamycin and sulfadoxine-trimethoprim combination. However, these strains showed sensitivity to ertapenem (100%), cefoxitin (69.3%), tigecyclin (66%), and amikacin (66.1%). The combination of piperacillin and tazobactam was active on 30.6% of the strains against 6.4% for the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Conclusion: The CTX-M type ESBL of group 1 was present in the majority of ESBL-producing Escherichia colis trains. Despite the production of this enzyme conferring resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, some antibiotics remain active to treat infections caused by these germs.展开更多
With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social rela...With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social relations model (SRM) [1], this paper investigates interpersonal perception in virtual groups from a multilevel perspective. In particular, it examines the following three areas: homophily, identification, and individual attraction, and explores how much of these directional and dyadic relational evaluations can be attributed to the effect of the actor, the partner, and the relationship.展开更多
Vaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a maternal and child health issue. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of GBS carriage;identify the factors associated with this carriage and determine the ...Vaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a maternal and child health issue. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of GBS carriage;identify the factors associated with this carriage and determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains. We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study in rural Senegal (in the health district of Sokone). Socio-demographic, clinical and gynaeco-obstetrical data were collected. Vaginal swabs were taken by the midwives on specific settings in order to test for GBS and other High Risk Vaginal Bacteria (HRVB). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to the recommendations of the CA SFM/EUCAST 2020. In total, 100 pregnant women were targeted and 97 pregnant women were included. Their age ranged from 18 to 40 years with 64.9% (63/97) of participants belonging to the “20 - 30” age group. The overall prevalence of Group B Streptococcus carriage was 15.5% (15/97). However, the proportion of women with at least one high risk infectious bacteria was 29.89% (29/97). No statistically significant differences were found between GBS carriage and the potential factors studied. However, the study also looked for the presence of other high-risk bacteria and coinfections were indeed found between GBS and E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that GBS strains were fully susceptible to penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and vancomycin. Sensitivities to norfloxacin and gentamycin were 73.3% and 86.7% respectively. In contrast, high resistance to tetracycline (86.7%) was observed. GBS carriage remains a major public health issue because of its consequences for the mother and the newborn. Correct screening and proper monitoring of strain susceptibility remain one of the most effective means of patient management and care.展开更多
文摘Let G be a locally compact Lie group and its Lie algebra. We consider a fuzzy analogue of G, denoted by called a fuzzy Lie group. Spherical functions on are constructed and a version of the existence result of the Helgason-spherical function on G is then established on .
文摘The Paraconsistent Many-Valued Similarity (PMVS) method for multi-attribute decision making will be incomplete as a decision model if it is not extended to the realm of group decision-making. Therefore, in this article, our primary objective is to show how the paraconsistent many-valued similarity method can be used to solve group decision-making problems involving choice making or ranking of a finite set of decision alternatives. Moreover, since weights are very important parameters in multi-attribute decision-making, we have introduced the Borda rule to calculate the weights of experts and that of every criterion under consideration. To demonstrate how the proposed method works, a numerical example on energy sources of an economy from the points of view of a group of experts is investigated. Further, we compare the results of this new approach with that of fuzzy TOPSIS group decision-making method to illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the former.
文摘In the course of organic synthesis, particularly for multi-step synthesis or natural product total synthesis, the selection of appropriate protective groups for the intended functionality is crucial in order to achieve chemoselective synthetic goals. The development of many useful protective groups has been reported based on the functionality of the anilino group. Herein, we discuss our study of various protective groups and the processes we used to establish compatibility with anilino functionality via the implementation of Oxone-mediated oxidative esterification in methanol. The results and the details of our experiments are reported herein.
文摘Background: The gram-positive, beta-hemolytic, and chain-forming Group B Streptococcus (GBS), commonly known as Streptococcus agalactiae, may asymptomatically invade the human gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts. However, GBS may become very invasive and pathogenic to the mother and baby during pregnancy, having negative effects. Study Aim: This study aims to investigate the pregnancy outcomes of women who tested positive for genitourinary GBS infection during pregnancy in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from patient files in Armed Forces Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia. Data collected were entered to a Microsoft Excel sheet, then imported and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The study included 272 women of whom 66.5% were 31 to 45 years old. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed in 8.5% of the sample, 71.7% had a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD), 1.8% had previous abortions, and 27.2% of new-borns were admitted to the NICU after delivery. There was a significant association between NICU admissions and women employment status (p = 0.001), gravidity (p = 0.001), parity (p = 0.001), history of abortions (p = 0.001), medical conditions (p = 0.049), and mode of delivery (p = 0.049). Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, GBS infection during pregnancy is associated to more NICU admissions. NICU admissions were significantly correlated with gestational diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism in mothers but not with intrapartum antibiotic use.
文摘In our paper Simplicial K(G, 1)’s we constructed a sub-complex of the nerve of a group G determined by a partial group structure, and we proved, under a generalized associativity condition called regularity, that the sub-complex realizes as a K(G, 1). This type of sub-complex appears naturally in several topological and algebraic contexts. In this note we prove that regularity of a partial group implies that the Kan extension condition is satisfied on its nerve in dimensions greater than one, and in dimension one a weaker version of the extension condition holds.
文摘Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.
文摘Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a real public health problem, particularly in Africa. Among these ESBLs, there are the Muenchen Cefotaximase (CTX-M) described all over the world of which the most frequent is the CTX-M of group 1 particularly the CTX-M-15 variant. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CTX-M group 1 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains and to test their antibiotics susceptibility profile. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to detect ESBL-secreting Escherichia coli strains by the synergy test. Identification of CTX-M type ESBL from group 1 was performed using the NG-Test CTX-M rapid diagnostic test (NG-Biotech®). Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines 2019. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed with Excel version 2010 and SPSS 20.0 respectively. Results: Eighty-two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were tested. A group 1 CTX-M ESBL was detected in 75.6% of the strains (n = 62). These strains were highly resistant to cefotaxim (100%), aztreonam (100%), ceftazidim (85.4%) and cefepim (66.1%). They were also resistant to quinolones, gentamycin and sulfadoxine-trimethoprim combination. However, these strains showed sensitivity to ertapenem (100%), cefoxitin (69.3%), tigecyclin (66%), and amikacin (66.1%). The combination of piperacillin and tazobactam was active on 30.6% of the strains against 6.4% for the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Conclusion: The CTX-M type ESBL of group 1 was present in the majority of ESBL-producing Escherichia colis trains. Despite the production of this enzyme conferring resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, some antibiotics remain active to treat infections caused by these germs.
文摘With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social relations model (SRM) [1], this paper investigates interpersonal perception in virtual groups from a multilevel perspective. In particular, it examines the following three areas: homophily, identification, and individual attraction, and explores how much of these directional and dyadic relational evaluations can be attributed to the effect of the actor, the partner, and the relationship.
文摘Vaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a maternal and child health issue. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of GBS carriage;identify the factors associated with this carriage and determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains. We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study in rural Senegal (in the health district of Sokone). Socio-demographic, clinical and gynaeco-obstetrical data were collected. Vaginal swabs were taken by the midwives on specific settings in order to test for GBS and other High Risk Vaginal Bacteria (HRVB). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to the recommendations of the CA SFM/EUCAST 2020. In total, 100 pregnant women were targeted and 97 pregnant women were included. Their age ranged from 18 to 40 years with 64.9% (63/97) of participants belonging to the “20 - 30” age group. The overall prevalence of Group B Streptococcus carriage was 15.5% (15/97). However, the proportion of women with at least one high risk infectious bacteria was 29.89% (29/97). No statistically significant differences were found between GBS carriage and the potential factors studied. However, the study also looked for the presence of other high-risk bacteria and coinfections were indeed found between GBS and E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that GBS strains were fully susceptible to penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and vancomycin. Sensitivities to norfloxacin and gentamycin were 73.3% and 86.7% respectively. In contrast, high resistance to tetracycline (86.7%) was observed. GBS carriage remains a major public health issue because of its consequences for the mother and the newborn. Correct screening and proper monitoring of strain susceptibility remain one of the most effective means of patient management and care.
