番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)编码的核内涵体蛋白a蛋白酶(Nuclear inclusion body a proteinase,NIa-Pro)是一种多功能病毒非结构蛋白,在病毒侵染宿主及病毒与宿主互作中起着重要作用。本研究利用以麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)...番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)编码的核内涵体蛋白a蛋白酶(Nuclear inclusion body a proteinase,NIa-Pro)是一种多功能病毒非结构蛋白,在病毒侵染宿主及病毒与宿主互作中起着重要作用。本研究利用以麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)为融合表达框架的原核表达系统构建了表达NIa-Pro的重组载体pMAL-c5xNP,并转化大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导和Ni^(2+)-NTA-琼脂糖亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组融合蛋白MBP-NIa(N端和C端分别融合MBP和His标签),然后利用蛋白酶Factor Xa切去重组融合蛋白中的MBP,再通过直链淀粉树脂亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组蛋白NIa-Pro。活性检测结果表明,重组蛋白PRSV-NIa-Pro具有非特异的双链DNA酶和特异的蛋白酶双重活性。展开更多
OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： O...OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,展开更多
The earthquake and tsunami that devastated coastal area in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province and North Sumatra Province,especially Nias Island on December 26,2004,caused damage to most mangrove and coastal forests in ...The earthquake and tsunami that devastated coastal area in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province and North Sumatra Province,especially Nias Island on December 26,2004,caused damage to most mangrove and coastal forests in the areas.Before the 2004 tsunami,there is no report or publication about mangrove and coastal vegetation in Nias Island.The aims of this research were to describe the mangrove forests and coastal vegetation after tsunami disaster and to learn the ecological functions of mangrove forests and coastal vegetation on shore protection.Field surveys,in eastern,northern and western coast of Nias Island within 10 days of the middle weeks in March 2005 and in southern coast of Nias Island within 6 days of the first 2 weeks in November 2006 after the 2004 tsunami,were conducted.Our research results showed that dense mangrove forests and coastal vegetation had been proven to be effective on protecting coastal area from the tsunami,while heavy damage occurred in the areas that have degraded mangrove and coastal forests.Therefore,mangrove forests play an important role on shore protection,and this protection depends on the quality of the mangrove habitats.It should be noted that degraded habitats or habitats with mangrove associate species instead of true mangrove species do not provide adequate protection.展开更多
The distinct influences of eastern Pacific （EP） and central Pacific （CP） La Nina on rainfall anomalies over Southeast Asia and Australia in boreal autumn （September to November） are explored in this study. Compo...The distinct influences of eastern Pacific （EP） and central Pacific （CP） La Nina on rainfall anomalies over Southeast Asia and Australia in boreal autumn （September to November） are explored in this study. Composite results reveal that CP La Nina gives rise to significant and severe flooding over Southeast Asia and Australia, whereas EP La Nina fails to exert any evident impacts on rainfall over this region. This difference can be attributed to the distinct features of cooling sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） between EP and CP La Nina. With a more westward location and stronger intensity of the negative SSTAs during CP La Nina autumn, the highest and lowest SLP anomalies are substantially enhanced and shift westwards too, further causing intense easterly winds over the western Pacific and westerly anomalies over the Indian Ocean driven by this SLP gradient. Subsequently, robust low-level convergence and high-level divergence is observed over the Maritime Continent and Australia, resulting in significant above-normal rainfall anomalies in those regions. In contrast, weak and eastern Pacific-confined cooling SSTAs during EP La Nina produce correspondingly weak low-level convergence over the Maritime Continent conditions that make it hard for significant rainfall anomalies to arise.展开更多
文摘番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)编码的核内涵体蛋白a蛋白酶(Nuclear inclusion body a proteinase,NIa-Pro)是一种多功能病毒非结构蛋白,在病毒侵染宿主及病毒与宿主互作中起着重要作用。本研究利用以麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)为融合表达框架的原核表达系统构建了表达NIa-Pro的重组载体pMAL-c5xNP,并转化大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导和Ni^(2+)-NTA-琼脂糖亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组融合蛋白MBP-NIa(N端和C端分别融合MBP和His标签),然后利用蛋白酶Factor Xa切去重组融合蛋白中的MBP,再通过直链淀粉树脂亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组蛋白NIa-Pro。活性检测结果表明,重组蛋白PRSV-NIa-Pro具有非特异的双链DNA酶和特异的蛋白酶双重活性。
基金financially sponsored by the Special Funding of Henan Health Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project,No.4173(2010-2015)Xinxiang Medical University of High-Level Personnel of Scientific Research Projects,No.08BSKYQD-004the Key Projects of Science and Technology Research of Department of Education in Henan,No.13A320869
文摘OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,
基金The authors thank the Directorate -General of Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry (Dirjen RLPS), and the Management Agency of Asahan - Barumun Catchments Area (BPDAS Asahan- Barumun ), Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia for financial supported for survey in March 2005 and survey in November 2006, respectively.
文摘The earthquake and tsunami that devastated coastal area in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province and North Sumatra Province,especially Nias Island on December 26,2004,caused damage to most mangrove and coastal forests in the areas.Before the 2004 tsunami,there is no report or publication about mangrove and coastal vegetation in Nias Island.The aims of this research were to describe the mangrove forests and coastal vegetation after tsunami disaster and to learn the ecological functions of mangrove forests and coastal vegetation on shore protection.Field surveys,in eastern,northern and western coast of Nias Island within 10 days of the middle weeks in March 2005 and in southern coast of Nias Island within 6 days of the first 2 weeks in November 2006 after the 2004 tsunami,were conducted.Our research results showed that dense mangrove forests and coastal vegetation had been proven to be effective on protecting coastal area from the tsunami,while heavy damage occurred in the areas that have degraded mangrove and coastal forests.Therefore,mangrove forests play an important role on shore protection,and this protection depends on the quality of the mangrove habitats.It should be noted that degraded habitats or habitats with mangrove associate species instead of true mangrove species do not provide adequate protection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41230527][grant number41675091][grant number 41461164005]
文摘The distinct influences of eastern Pacific （EP） and central Pacific （CP） La Nina on rainfall anomalies over Southeast Asia and Australia in boreal autumn （September to November） are explored in this study. Composite results reveal that CP La Nina gives rise to significant and severe flooding over Southeast Asia and Australia, whereas EP La Nina fails to exert any evident impacts on rainfall over this region. This difference can be attributed to the distinct features of cooling sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） between EP and CP La Nina. With a more westward location and stronger intensity of the negative SSTAs during CP La Nina autumn, the highest and lowest SLP anomalies are substantially enhanced and shift westwards too, further causing intense easterly winds over the western Pacific and westerly anomalies over the Indian Ocean driven by this SLP gradient. Subsequently, robust low-level convergence and high-level divergence is observed over the Maritime Continent and Australia, resulting in significant above-normal rainfall anomalies in those regions. In contrast, weak and eastern Pacific-confined cooling SSTAs during EP La Nina produce correspondingly weak low-level convergence over the Maritime Continent conditions that make it hard for significant rainfall anomalies to arise.
