An Ancient Civilization and Its Exploration in Modernization

Modernization has been a common issue in the development of all countries since the 20th century.However,as the global modernization movement developed,different countries and regions diverged in their modernization paths and models.In A New Path Ahead:Chinese Modernization,the author Dai Mucai,an expert in theoretical research on the Chinese path to modernization and a professor at the School of Marxism of Tsinghua University,elaborates on why the Chinese path to modernization is unprecedented in history,its originality and unique features,what it means to the world,and how to build a socialist modernization in a country with a 5,000-year-old civilization.

Deepening National Security Reforms to Guarantee Consistent Advancement in Chinese Modernization

Persistent efforts are needed to fully implement the guiding principles of the third plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee and advance the reform of China's national security work on the new journey that lies ahead.All of us in the Party should never forget our original aspiration.Since the advent of the new era,China has pushed forward and made remarkable achievements in reforming its national security work,undergoing a process of constant evolvement and continuous improvement.The third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee could be deemed the starting point of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era,opening a new epoch for reforming and innovating China's national security work.It identified modernizing China's system and capacity for governance as the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively and,most significantly,made a historic decision to establish the National Security Commission,having far-reaching impacts.General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed pursuing a holistic approach to national security,which provides us with fundamental guidance for further reform.The new version of the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China fully covers China's national security system and will guide the improvement of its legal system for national security in the new era.The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for improving China's national security system in efforts to modernize the country's system and capacity for governance.The 20th CPC National Congress clarified the Party's central task on the new journey and made strategic plans for safeguarding Chinese modernization through modernizing the country's national security system and capacity.The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee carried forward the spirit of the above meetings,from the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the 20th CPC National Congress,reiterating the importance of further deepening reform comprehensively on the new journey,emphasizing national security as the foundation for advancing Chinese modernization,and setting out the road map and agenda for modernizing China's national security system and capacity in the next five years.Therefore,we must study and implement the guiding principles of the third plenary session of the 2Oth CPC Central Committee.

Modernization,the Chinese Way

President Xi Jinping’s National Day speech underscores that Chinese modernization is not merely self-benefiting but an initiative for global progress and prosperity.AS the People’s Republic of China(PRC)celebrated its 75th founding anniversary on October 1,President Xi Jinping said on the journey ahead,the central task is to build China into a strong country and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.

DEEPER REFORM DRIVES CHINESE MODERNIZATION

Throughout China’s modernization,reform has played a key role in breaking down the obstacles to the country’s economic growth and steering it toward a future of socialist modernization.Since the third plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in 2013,China has embarked on a new era of comprehensively deepening reforms and charting a new course for further reform and opening-up.

Rationale and Pathway for New Industrialization in the Context of Chinese Modernization

The concepts of modernization and industrialization have different connotations that are specific to their historical backgrounds,and their theoretical innovation and development may benefit from China’s experiences.Industrialization is the cornerstone of modernization,and holds the key to its success.China’s experiences in blazing a new trail of industrialization are challenging the traditional Western theory of industrialization and deepening the connotations of Chinese modernization.New industrialization is a key entry point for steering China’s modernization drive and theoretical innovations.This paper offers an overview of the theory of Chinese modernization and its evolving trend along China’s socialist industrialization path,as well as the rationale and pathway for new industrialization in the context of Chinese modernization.As our findings suggest,the new industrialization concept has taken hold in every key aspect of Chinese modernization.When combined with the theory of Chinese modernization,the theoretical implications of new industrialization play a crucial role in propelling Chinese modernization forward along a new journey in the new era.

Thoroughly Study and Implement a Holistic Approach to National Security to Safeguard Chinese Modernization

2024 marks the tenth anniversary of a holistic approach to national security. As an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, a holistic approach to national security provides fundamental guidance for China's national security work in the new era and is, therefore, of great theoretical and practical significance. This approach has several distinct features: it ref lects the trends of our times, is deeply rooted in China's national culture, and follows a people-centered, struggle-oriented, systematic, strategic, in novative, and practice-based approach. By upholding and developing a holistic approach to national security, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) has comprehensively strengthened the Party's absolute leadership over national security, reshaped the systems and mechanisms for national security across the board, and made brilliant achievements in national security work in the new era. Given the context of the momentous changes unseen in a century that shape today's world, the national security situation facing China is increasingly complex and grim, characterized by many challenges and new characteristics. On the new journey toward rejuvenating the nation and building China into a strong country, we should fully implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress, firmly pursue a holistic approach to national security, and accelerate the modernization of China's national security system and capacity to ensure steady and sustained progress in Chinese modernization.

Viewing Chinese modernization and Its Requirements for Human Rights Protection from the Perspective of Human Development

Modernization,as a specific stage in the historical development of human society,possesses a multi-layered composite structure,with each layer playing both a promoting and inhibiting role in human development and dignity simultaneously.Chinese modernization is a strategic choice made based on lessons learned from various experiences of modernization processes in other countries,reflecting judgments on the benefits and choices on the values of human development and dignity in modernization.It values the promotion of the free and well-rounded development of all individuals as its standard,demanding the full realization of the positive effects of modernization on human development and the overcoming of its negative effects.Human rights,aiming to promote the free and well-rounded development of every person as the ultimate value goal,are not only an intrinsic structural element of the modernization stage but also a social normative tool that restrains the direction of modernization development,aligning closely with the values pursued by Chinese modernization.Chinese modernization poses dual requirements for human rights protection:on the one hand,it demands the affirmation and promotion of the positive effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards,and on the other hand,it requires the prevention and mitigation of the negative effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards.There exists a certain tension between these two dimensions,necessitating an appropriate balance and thereby presenting corresponding requirements for China’s approach to human rights protection.

Xi Jinping stresses sci-tech modernization,innovation

A conference conflating the National Science and Technology Conference,the National Science and Technology Award Conference,the 21st General Assembly of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the 17th General Assembly of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,was held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on the morning of June 24.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee,Chinese president,and chairman of the Central Military Commission,attended the conference,presented medals and certificates for China's top science and technology award to laureates and delivered an important speech.

Pioneering a New Realm of Human Rights Civilization in the Chinese Path to Modernization——An Overview of the Symposium on“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”

On October 14,2023,a symposium themed“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”was held in Changchun,Jilin Province,China.More than fifty experts,scholars,and researchers from national institutions and universities engaged in discussions and exchanges on human rights on the Chinese path to modernization,including the path,practice,knowledge systems,and civilization forms of human rights.This symposium played a significant role in advancing the construction of the disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system of human rights in China.

Chinese Education Modernization:A Case Study on Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in All Courses with Organic Integration of Cultural Literacy and Political Education

Chinese education modernization is integral to Chinese modernization,and is of leading significance to the further advancement of Chinese modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.In this paper,taking ideological and political theories teaching in all courses as an example,an attempt is made to organically integrate cultural literacy and political education under the vision of Chinese education modernization,and“gathers knowledge heritage in the dissemination of value and leads the values in the dissemination of knowledge,”thereby training students into highcaliber talents with good and all-round moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetical,and labor grounding.

Normative Analysis and Strategy Research on Harmonized Development of Modern Industrialization, Urbanization, Agricultural Modernization and IT Application

Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scientific concepts of IT applica- tion, urbanization, agricultural modernization and industrialization were illustrated and the interrelations were analyzed, with measures on harmonized development pro- posed based on existing problems.

The Realization Path of Japan's Agricultural Modernization and Its Precious Experience for China

In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, the level of agricultural modernization of Japan has exceeded that of many developed countries. We conduct comparative analysis on the development characteristics of China's agriculture and Japan's agriculture, and summarize the realization path of Japan's agricultural modernization. Based on the reality of China, we can draw on the following experience from Japan: establishing and improving the agricultural legislation for agriculture; improving the rural cooperative economic organizations; deepening the reform of the agricultural land property right system; increasing the government's direct funds input of into agriculture; improving the agricultural technology extension system.

China’s Agricultural Modernization Strategy towards 2035

China’s agricultural modernization drive has made steady progress with great achievements.After six decades of development,China has reached the mid-stage of agricultural modernization.By the average pace of recent years,China is poised to attain agricultural and rural modernization by 2035,but progress will vary considerably across regions and sectors.A transition towards an agricultural powerhouse is the only path towards agricultural modernization.Being a large agricultural producer,China has yet to qualify as an agricultural powerhouse in terms of agricultural sufficiency,competitiveness,innovation,and sustainability.From the mid-and long-term perspective,our agricultural modernization should proceed in light of China’s rural reform experience,focusing on food security,agricultural industry,green transition,and agri-tech.With a regionally differentiated approach,China should aim to basically achieve agricultural and rural modernization in about 15 years and complete the transition towards an agricultural powerhouse in 20 years from 2020.

Measurement for coordinated development of＂four modernizations＂ and its efficiency ofprefecture level cities or above in China

The efficient and coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization, informatization and agricultural modernization(so called 'Sihua Tongbu' in China, and hereinafter referred to as 'four modernizations') is not only a practical need but also an important strategic direction of integrating urban-rural development and regional development in recent China. This paper evaluated the comprehensive, coupling and coordinated developmental indices of 'four modernizations' of China's 343 prefecture-level administrative units, and calculated their efficiency of 'four modernizations' in 2001 and 2011. The efficiency evaluation index system was established. The efficiencies and their changing trend during the period 2001–2011 were investigated using the data envelopment analysis(DEA) model. Spatial-temporal pattern of the efficiency of China's prefecture-level units was explored by using exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA). Finally, the main influencing factors were revealed with the aid of geographically weighted regression(GWR) model. Results indicate that the comprehensive, coupling and coordinated developmental indices and efficiency of 'four modernizations' of China's prefecture-level administrative units have obvious spatial differences and show diverse regional patterns. Overall, the efficiency is relatively low, and only few units with small urban populations and economic scale are in DEA efficiencies. The efficiency changing trends were decreasing during 2001–2011, with a transfer of high efficiency areas from inland to eastern coastal areas. The difference between urban and rural per capita investment in fixed assets boasts the greatest influence on the efficiency.

New Approach for China's Agricultural Modernization Practice from the Perspective of Multiplex Function

This paper analyzes the multiplex composite function of agriculture comprehensively as follows.The first is political function:it can ensure the national food security;the second is economic function:it can promote agricultural competitiveness and increase farmers' income;the third is social function:it can promote the construction of new socialist village;the fourth is ecological function:it can conserve the resources environment and guarantee sustainable development of agriculture.In terms of reference of international theory and the main innovative experience of domestic agricultural modernization practice,this paper points out the new approach for agricultural modernization practice in China,and puts forward institutional guarantee based on agricultural multiplex function as follows:we should gradually promote new land system taking land transfer as major content;we should establish rational transfer system of rural labour forces;we should establish virtuous circular agricultural financial credit system;we should hew to the innovation and promotion system of agricultural technology;we should establish strict the system of resources environment and ecological protection;we should establish the agricultural risk security system.

Issues concerning Farmland Transfer in the Development of China's Agricultural Modernization——Based on the Survey of Farmers in 21 Townships of Sichuan Province

Based on the actual survey of 724 rural households in 21 townships of Sichuan Province,this article analyzes the basic information,basic characteristics and problems in current China's farmland transfer.The results show that the rural land contractual management right is relatively stable;in farmland transfer market,the degree of development of farmland transfer-out market is higher than that of farmland transfer-in market;at the same time,there are many problems,such as fragmentation of rural land resources allocation,incomplete land property rights system,too powerful land security function,single land transfer pattern and unsound transfer system.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:unifying urban and rural planning,and adjusting distribution pattern of rural land in concert with the course of urbanization;improving land property rights system,so that the farmers have the land contractual management right with real right tendency;strengthening the legal construction of land transfer,regulating the land transfer process,and guiding regularized and legalized development of land transfer;promoting farmers' cognitive level,and establishing the intermediary platform to provide land transfer information,ensuring information symmetry between both sides of transfer;providing more non-agricultural jobs,establishing and improving social security system for farmers,and diluting the social security function of land.

Impact of Agricultural Modernization,Economic Growth and Industrialization on the International Competitiveness of Agricultural Products:Based on the Empirical Analysis of Cointegration and VEC Model

The expanded agricultural trade deficit in recent years has caused widespread concern about the international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products.In this paper,guided by Michael Porter's diamond model theory,based on agricultural production and trade data in China and the world from 1986 to 2011,we use principal component analysis,cointegration and vector error correction model,to perform an empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural modernization,economic growth and industrialization on the international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products.The results show that China's agricultural modernization is slow,the demand for agricultural products caused by economic growth is increased,and excessive rural labor transfer due to industrialization leads to decline in the international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products.China should increase its efforts to promote the modernization of agriculture and level of industry nurturing agriculture;use WTO rules to create a good international and domestic environment for the development of China's agriculture and improvement of the international competitiveness of agricultural products;give full play to the role of demand in boosting the industrial upgrading of domestic agriculture.

θ-improved limited tolerance relation model of incomplete information system for evaluation of water conservancy project management modernization

The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.

The Research on Synergic Development Mechanism of Oceanic Meteorology Modernization in the Huang-Bohai Region

To study the cooperative development mechanism of ocean meteorological modernization of Huang-Bohai,we analyze the situation of ocean meteorological modernization in Huang-Bohai with the method of an new five-force model and the analyses of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis).As the research results shown,the advantages of ocean meteorological modernization of Huang-Bohai mainly include three aspects which are ocean meteorological observation system,ocean meteorological warning information release and the construction of ocean meteorological center;the disadvantages contain that stereo-observation ability of the ocean meteorology is insufficiency,and the precision forecast technology and the cooperative development are deficiency in ocean meteorology;opportunities also include three aspects which are "The Belt and Road",and development of new technology and new warning system on meteorology disasters;threats mainly contain the main influencing weather system,the potential social competition and hazard factors.The use of different functions and combination innovation of five forces,i.e.,attractiveness,cohesiveness,radiating power,repulsiveness and affinity,could promote the cooperative development of ocean meteorological modernization in the Huang-Bohai.

A Study of Agricultural Technology Extension and Synchronous Development of Agricultural Modernization,Urbanization and Industrialization in China

Through the study of relationship between agricultural technology extension and the development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization,it is found that agricultural technology extension is an important means to achieve synchronous development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization. Based on the sample data in China during 1978-2011,we perform the empirical analysis using VAR model and cointegration analysis and impulse response methods. The results show that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between agricultural technology extension and the development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization,and agricultural technology extension plays a role in promoting agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization to varying degrees. Finally,it is concluded that there is a need to establish efficient agricultural technology extension mechanism and diversified agricultural technology extension investment mechanism to make agricultural technology extension better promote China's agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization.