Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets,aerosols,or contacts.Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets,aerosols,or contacts.Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.The inanimate surfaces have often been described as a source of nosocomial infections.However,summaries on the transmissibility of coronaviruses from contaminated surfaces to induce the coronavirus disease 2019 are rare at present.This review aims to summarize data on the persistence of different coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces.The literature was systematically searched on Medline without language restrictions.All reports with experimental evidence on the duration persistence of coronaviruses on any type of surface were included.Most viruses from the respiratory tract,such as coronaviruses,influenza,SARS-CoV,or rhinovirus,can persist on surfaces for a few days.Persistence time on inanimate surfaces varied from minutes to up to one month,depending on the environmental conditions.SARSCoV-2 can be sustained in air in closed unventilated buses for at least 30 min without losing infectivity.The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month.Viruses in respiratory or fecal specimens can maintain infectivity for quite a long time at room temperature.Absorbent materials like cotton are safer than unabsorbent materials for protection from virus infection.The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low.Preventive strategies such as washing hands and wearing masks are critical to the control of coronavirus disease 2019.展开更多
Inanimate subject is a special grammatical structure in English.However,in Chinese,most sentences begin with animate subjects,so there are some problems in determining how to translate the inanimate subjects in Englis...Inanimate subject is a special grammatical structure in English.However,in Chinese,most sentences begin with animate subjects,so there are some problems in determining how to translate the inanimate subjects in English-Chinese translation.Based on different thinking modes between Chinese and western and on functions of English inanimate-subject sentences,it adopts exem?plification to explore three common translation methods of inanimate subjects in E-C translation,and further introduces the appli?cation of them in different literary forms,so as to deepen understanding of English inanimate-subject sentences.展开更多
1 Results Animate as well as inanimate matter,living organisms as well as materials,are formed of molecules and of the organized entities resulting from the interaction of molecules with each other.Chemistry provides ...1 Results Animate as well as inanimate matter,living organisms as well as materials,are formed of molecules and of the organized entities resulting from the interaction of molecules with each other.Chemistry provides the bridge between the molecules of inanimate matter and the highly complex molecular architectures and systems which make up living organisms. Synthetic chemistry has developed a very powerful set of methods for constructing ever more complex molecules.Supramolecular chemistry seeks to con...展开更多
Remediation into film of the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen＇s many fairytales often accentuate his quaint or sentimental tendencies. In a silent film adaptation of ＂The Little Match Girl＂ the French filmmake...Remediation into film of the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen＇s many fairytales often accentuate his quaint or sentimental tendencies. In a silent film adaptation of ＂The Little Match Girl＂ the French filmmaker Jean Renoir transports us into an avant-garde world of consumerism and commodification that seems at odds with Andersen＇s original vision. Yet Renoir＇s film is remarkably resonant with Andersen＇s own pre-cinematic imagination even as it produces a different inflection of the uncanny. The match girl is turned into a femme enfant fatale and her illu- minated visions are redirected away from the comforts of home to a world of artifice and melodrama.展开更多
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets,aerosols,or contacts.Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.The inanimate surfaces have often been described as a source of nosocomial infections.However,summaries on the transmissibility of coronaviruses from contaminated surfaces to induce the coronavirus disease 2019 are rare at present.This review aims to summarize data on the persistence of different coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces.The literature was systematically searched on Medline without language restrictions.All reports with experimental evidence on the duration persistence of coronaviruses on any type of surface were included.Most viruses from the respiratory tract,such as coronaviruses,influenza,SARS-CoV,or rhinovirus,can persist on surfaces for a few days.Persistence time on inanimate surfaces varied from minutes to up to one month,depending on the environmental conditions.SARSCoV-2 can be sustained in air in closed unventilated buses for at least 30 min without losing infectivity.The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month.Viruses in respiratory or fecal specimens can maintain infectivity for quite a long time at room temperature.Absorbent materials like cotton are safer than unabsorbent materials for protection from virus infection.The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low.Preventive strategies such as washing hands and wearing masks are critical to the control of coronavirus disease 2019.
文摘Inanimate subject is a special grammatical structure in English.However,in Chinese,most sentences begin with animate subjects,so there are some problems in determining how to translate the inanimate subjects in English-Chinese translation.Based on different thinking modes between Chinese and western and on functions of English inanimate-subject sentences,it adopts exem?plification to explore three common translation methods of inanimate subjects in E-C translation,and further introduces the appli?cation of them in different literary forms,so as to deepen understanding of English inanimate-subject sentences.
文摘1 Results Animate as well as inanimate matter,living organisms as well as materials,are formed of molecules and of the organized entities resulting from the interaction of molecules with each other.Chemistry provides the bridge between the molecules of inanimate matter and the highly complex molecular architectures and systems which make up living organisms. Synthetic chemistry has developed a very powerful set of methods for constructing ever more complex molecules.Supramolecular chemistry seeks to con...
文摘Remediation into film of the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen＇s many fairytales often accentuate his quaint or sentimental tendencies. In a silent film adaptation of ＂The Little Match Girl＂ the French filmmaker Jean Renoir transports us into an avant-garde world of consumerism and commodification that seems at odds with Andersen＇s original vision. Yet Renoir＇s film is remarkably resonant with Andersen＇s own pre-cinematic imagination even as it produces a different inflection of the uncanny. The match girl is turned into a femme enfant fatale and her illu- minated visions are redirected away from the comforts of home to a world of artifice and melodrama.
