3-D SPIDERGON:3-D TOPOLOGY OF DELAY OPTIMIZATION FOR NETWORKS-ON-CHIP

A 3-D topology architeeture based on Spidergon and its generation method are proposed. Aiming at establishing relationships between the topology architecture and the latency, the 3-D topology latency model based on prototype is proposed, and then the optimization topology structure with minimum latency is determined based on it. Meanwhile, in accordance with the structure, the adaptive routing algorithm is designed. The algorithm sets longitudinal direction priority to adaptively searching the equivalent minimum path between the source nodes and the destination nodes in order to increase network throughput. Simulation shows that in case of approximate saturation network, compared with the same scale 3-D mesh structure, 3-D Spidergon has 17% less latency and 16.7% more network throughput.

A 4.8GHz CMOS Fully Integrated LC Balanced Oscillator with Symmetrical Noise Filter Technique and Large Tuning Range

This paper presents a fully integrated 4 8GHz VCO with an invention——symmetrical noise filter technique.This VCO,with relatively low phase noise and large tuning range of 716MHz,is fabricated with the 0 25μm SMIC CMOS process.The oscillator consumes 6mA from 2 5V supply.Another conventional VCO is also designed and simulated without symmetrical noise filter on the same process,which also consumes 6mA current and is with the same tuning.Simulation result describes that the first VCO’ phase noise is 6dBc/Hz better than the latter’s at the same offset frequency from 4 8GHz.Measured phase noise at 1MHz away from the carrier in this 4 8GHz VCO with symmetrical noise filter is -123 66dBc/Hz.This design is suitable for the usage in a phase locked loop and other consumer electronics.It is amenable for future technologies and allows easy porting to different CMOS manufacturing process.

上尿路尿路上皮癌Slit引导配体3的表达与临床病理特征以及预后的关系

目的观察Slit引导配体3(Slit guidance ligand 3,Slit3)在上尿路尿路上皮癌(upper tract urothelial carcinoma, UTUC)中的表达及其与UTUC临床病理特征以及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测Slit3在UTUC中的表达,并运用相关统计学方法分析Slit3表达与UTUC临床病理特征(包括患者年龄、性别、组织学分级、分期和大片坏死等)以及预后的关系。结果在UTUC患者中,Slit3表达随着肿瘤组织学分级和分期的增高而减低(P=0.014和P=0.006),Slit3还与肿瘤膀胱复发具有相关性(P=0.011)。在单因素生存分析中,Slit3低表达与UTUC患者的较短无病生存期和癌特异性生存期均相关(P=0.006,P=0.015),但在多因素生存分析中无统计学意义(P=0.213,P=0.332)。结论 Slit3的低表达与肿瘤高分级、高分期以及膀胱复发相关,但不影响UTUC的预后。

A Frequency-Independent Equivalent Circuit for High-k Stacked Monolithic Transformers

A new 2-Π lumped element equivalent circuit model for high-k stacked on-chip transformers is proposed. The model parameters are extracted with high precision, mainly based on analytical methods. The developed model enables fast and accurate time domain transient analysis and noise analysis in RFIC simulation since all elements in the model are fre- quency independent. The validity of the proposed model has been demonstrated by a fabricated monolithic stacked trans- former in TSMC＇s 0.13μm mixed-signal （MS）/RF CMOS＇ process.

Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases

Discoveries in the first few years of the 21st century have led to an understanding of important interactions between the nervous system and the inflammatory response at the molecular level, most notably the acetylcholine （ACh）- triggered,α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）- dependent nicotinic antinflammatory pathway. Studies using the α7nAChR agonist, nicotine, for the treatment of mucosal inflammation have been undertaken but the efficacy of nicotine as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases remains debatable. Further understanding of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway and other endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms is required in order to develop refined and specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including periodontitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis.

CMOS Quadrature Modulator and Up-Conversion Mixer for 802.11a Wireless LAN Systems

A quadrature modulator and an up-conversion mixer for an 802. lla wireless LAN system are designed and fabricated in 0.18μm gate length standard CMOS technology. A current feedback loop with a transconductor is used to improve the linearity of the quadrature modulator;An LC resonant tank is used as the load of the upconversion mixer to improve its gain and increase the voltage swing. The measurement results show that the input P1dB achieves -3.6dBm, the transducer power gain of the circuit is -3.6dB,and the current consumes about 45.8mA with a 1.8V power supply.

Topology Discovery Sub-Layer for Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Network Routing Schemes

With the booming development of terrestrial network, scaling terrestrial network over satellite network to build Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Network(ITSN) and meanwhile to provide the global Internet access, has become ever more attractive. Naturally, the widely and successfully used terrestrial routing protocols are the promising protocols to integrate the terrestrial and satellite networks. However, the terrestrial routing protocols, which rely on propagating routing messages to discover New Network Topology(NNT) in the terrestrial network with rare topology changes, will suffer from overly numerous routing messages in satellite network whose topology frequently changes as satellites move. In this paper, a Topology Discovery Sub-layer for ITSN Routing Schemes(TDS-IRS) is firstly proposed to avoid the propagation of numerous routing messages by taking advantage of the movement predictability of satellite and the requirements of routing schemes to discover NNT in advance of topology change. Secondly, a Weighted Perfect Matching based Topology Discovery(WPM-TD) model is designed to conduct the NNT discovery on the ground. Thirdly, this paper builds a testbed with real network devices and meanwhile interconnect that testbed with real Internet, to validate that RS-TDS can discover NNT immediately with the less on-board overhead compared with optimized routing schemes. Finally, different network scenarios are applied to validate the WPM-TD, i.e., the core module of TDS-IRS. Extensive experiments show WPM-TD can work efficiently, avoiding the invalid NNT discovery and decreasing 20% ~ 57% of potential topology changes, which can also improve up to 47% ~ 105% of network throughput.

A High-Speed Bi-Directional Visible Light Communication System Based on RGB-LED

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a bi-directional indoor communication system based on visible light RGB-LED. Spectrally efficient modulation formats （QAM-OFDM）, advanced digital signal processing, pre- and post- equalization are adopted to compensate the severe frequency response of indoor channel. In this system, we utilize red-green-blue Light emitting diodes （LEDs）, of which each color can be used to carry different signals. For downlink, the low frequencies of each color are used while for uplink, the high frequencies are used. The overall data rate of downlink and uplink are 1.15-Gb/s and 300-Mb/s. The bit error ratios （BERs） for all channels after 0.7 m indoor delivery are below pre-forward- error-correction （pre-FEC） threshold of 3.8×10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest data rate in bi-directional visible light communication system.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

The 21st century Maritime Silk Road(MSR) proposed by China strongly promotes the maritime industry. In this paper, we use wind and ocean wave datasets from 1979 to 2014 to analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of the wind speed, significant wave height(SWH), mean wave direction(MWD), and mean wave period(MWP) in the MSR. The analysis results indicate that the Luzon Strait and Gulf of Aden have the most obvious seasonal variations and that the central Indian Ocean is relatively stable. We analyzed the distributions of the maximum wind speed and SWH in the MSR over this 36-year period. The results show that the distribution of the monthly average frequency for SWH exceeds 4 m(huge waves) and that of the corresponding wind speed exceeds 13.9 ms^(-1)(high wind speed). The occurrence frequencies of huge waves and high winds in regions east of the Gulf of Aden are as high as 56% and 80%, respectively. We also assessed the wave and wind energies in different seasons. Based on our analyses, we propose a risk factor(RF) for determining navigation safety levels, based on the wind speed and SWH. We determine the spatial and temporal RF distributions for different seasons and analyze the corresponding impact on four major sea routes. Finally, we determine the spatial distribution of tropical cyclones from 2000 to 2015 and analyze the corresponding impact on the four sea routes. The analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the MSR provides references for ship navigation as well as ocean engineering.

Performance of Physical-Layer Network Coding in Asymmetric Two-Way Relay Channels

In this paper, we study the performance of physical-layer network coding in asymmetric two-way relay channels using four different cases having different poor channels:phase asymmetry, downlink asymmetry, uplink asymmetry and node asymmetry. The decision and mapping rule for symmetric and asymmetric cases are studied. The performance in terms of bit error rate for each case will be studied and analysed by computer simulation. Analytical and simulation results show that uplink asymmetry is the worst case;intra-phase asymmetry and unreliable uplink channels will more severely affect the performance degradation, which is caused by channel asymmetry.

Application of Lyapunov exponent algorithm in balise signal chaotic oscillator detection

To improve the detection accuracy of the balise uplink signal transmitted in a strong noise environment,we use chaotic oscillator to detect the balise uplink signal based on the characteristics of the chaotic system that is sensitive to initial conditions and immune to noise.Combining with the principle of Duffing oscillator system used in weak signal detection and uplink signal feature,the methods and steps of using Duffing oscillator to detect the balise signal are presented.Furthermore,the Lyapunov exponent algorithm is used to calculate the critical threshold of the Duffing oscillator detection system.Thus,the output states of the system can be quantitatively judged to achieve demodulation of the balise signal.The simulation results show that the chaotic oscillator detection method for balise signal based on Lyapunov exponent algorithm not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of threshold setting,but also ensures the reliability of balise signal detection.

A Novel Resource Allocation Algorithm based on Downlink and Uplink Decouple Access Scheme in Heterogeneous Networks

Traditional cellular network requires that a user equipment(UE) should associate to the same base station(BS) in both the downlink(DL) and the uplink(UL). Based on dual connectivity(DC) introduced in LTE-Advanced R12, DL/UL decouple access scheme has been proposed, which is especially suitable for heterogeneous networks(Het Nets). This paper is the pioneer to take the DL/UL decouple access scheme into consideration and develop a novel resource allocation algorithm in a two-tier Het Net to improve the total system throughput in the UL and ease the load imbalance between macro base stations(MBSs) and pico base stations(PBSs). A model is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming, and the proposed algorithm is a sub-optimal algorithm based on the graph theory. First, an undirected and weighted interference graph is obtained. Next, the users are grouped to let users with large mutual interferences to be assigned to different clusters. Then, the users in different clusters are allocated to different resource blocks(RBs) by using the Hungarian algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide great promotions for both the total system throughput and the average cell edge user throughput and successfully ease the load imbalance between MBSs and PBSs.

Joint Network and Fountain Codes Design for RelayAssisted Multi-User System

In relay-assisted multi-user system, relay coding is important to enhance the robustness and reliability of cooperative transmission. For better adaptability and efficiency, two joint network and fountain coding(JNFC) schemes are proposed. When the condition of all direct channels is worse, JNFC scheme based on distributed LT(DLT) codes is used. Otherwise, JNFC scheme based on multi-dimensional LT(MD-LT) codes is suited. For both two above-mentioned schemes, the united degree distribution design method for short-length fountain codes is proposed. For the latter scheme, MD-LT codes are proposed for equal error protection(EEP) of each user. Simulation results and analysis show that the united degree distribution need less decoding overhead compared with other degree distribution for short-length fountain codes. And then, all users are protected equally in despite of asymmetric uplinks.

Operation reliability for on-ramp junction of urban freeway

A disorder situation of traffic operation always appears in on-ramp junction area of urban freeway,because the operation action for vehicles presents the weaving condition,especially for different vehicle types.Based on the analysis on the cellular automata theory,and combining with on-site survey data,several key parameters were defined,namely,cellular length,cellular speed,cellular acceleration,updating time interval.In addition,cellular acceleration rule,cellular deceleration rule,random rule,lane-changing rule and other micro-simulation rules were set,and cellular automaton micro-simulation model was set up.Further-more,a micro-simulation module was developed for traffic operation actions of on-ramp junction with Matlab toolbox.Finally,a simulation experiment for traffic operation reliability was done with this micro-simulation module,and the situation of change for on-ramp junction area was obtained under the conditions of different mainline design speed,acceleration lane length,vehicle generation probability and lane-changing probability.The results show that operation reliability for on-ramp junction is determined by the parameters of the probability of vehicle generation and the length of acceleration lane,especially for on-ramp.

Numerieal Prediction of Storm Surge in the Qingdao Area Under the Impact of Climate Change

A typhoon-induced storm surge simulation system was developed for the Qingdao area, including a typhoon diagnostic model for the generation of wind and pressure fields and a 2D Advanced Circulation(ADCIRC) model for simulating the associated storm surge with a 200 m resolution along the Qingdao coastline. The system was validated by an extreme surge event Typhoon Mamie(8509) and the parameters of Typhoon Mamie were used to investigate the sensitivity of typhoon paths to Qingdao storm surges with four selected paths: the paths of Typhoons Mamie(8509), Opal, 3921 and 2413, the selection being made according to their relative position to Qingdao. Experiments based on the Typhoon Mamie(8509) storm surge were also conducted to study the possible influences of future climate changes, including the sea level rise and sea surface temperature(SST) rise, on storm surges along the Qingdao coast. Storm surge conditions under both present day and future(the end of the 21 st century) climate scenarios associated with the four selected paths were simulated. The results show that with the same intensity, when typhoons follow the paths of 3921 and 2413, they would lead to the most serious disasters in different areas of Qingdao. Sea level and SST affect storm surges in different ways: sea level rise affects storm surge mainly through its influence on the tide amplitude, while the increased SST has direct impact on the intensity of the surges. The possible maximum risk of storm surges in 2100 in the Qingdao area caused by typhoons like Mamie(8509) was also estimated in this study.

The effects of oral smokeless tobacco administration on endurance performance

Background： Smokeless tobacco is widely used by athletes to enhance performance. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts on cardiocirculatory and metabolic systems, involving tissue blood flow and circulatory vasoreactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral smokeless tobacco （Swedish snus （SS）） on the perception of fatigue and time to exhaustion （TTE） during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Methods： Fourteen healthy non-tobacco male users were recruited for a double-blind, controlled crossover design （SS vs. snus placebo （SP））. Subjects were tested for 3 sessions： experimental session 1 （Exp 1） consisted of an incremental test to determine the maximal aerobic power out-put （Wmax）, whereas Exp2 and Exp3 consisted of exercising at 65%Wmax until exhaustion in SS or SP conditions. During Exp2 and Exp3, muscle and cerebral oxygenation was assessed by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, and the rating of perceived exertion （RPE） was recorded. Results： Comparing SS with SP tests, significant differences （p 〈 0.05） were found in the values of cerebral （-3%） and muscular tissues oxygenation （-4%） in the first 30 min of exercise. The RPE values were not significantly different between the 2 conditions （SS vs. SP）. No significant difference was found in TTE （SS： 54.25 ± 21.84 min; SP： 50.01 ± 17.03 min）. Conclusion： This study showed that muscular and cerebral oxygenation increased significantly with snus administration during an endurance exercise until exhaustion, but this did not affect fatigue perception and TTE. The results showed that snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance in non-tobacco users.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Can we go beyond INDCs： Analysis of a future mitigation possibility in China, Japan, EU and the U.S.

The most important achievement in the Paris Agreement is to set up emission reduction target by commitment submitted by each country/ region with the form INDC. However the emission reduction target inside INDCs could not match with the emission pathway for the global to keep a global temperature rise this century well below 2 ℃ and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 ℃ above pre- industrial levels. It is important for countries to do more than their commitment in INDCs, especially in near term. This paper looks at the near term trend for possibilities for further emission reduction compared with INDCs, and found there do have the possibility. It concludes there is space for the four countries/regions to do more than their INDCs submitted to UNFCCC, and see the light towards to a global 2 ℃ target.

A Research on the Construction of International Training Course for Maritime Talents Based on the Initiative of ＂One Belt and One Road＂

Based on the initiative of ＂One Belt and One Road＂ and the demand analysis of the international shipping market for high-quality maritime talents with good skills of communicating ability and international vision, this paper analyzes the feasibility, necessity, construction goal, construction principle, construction content, tutorial setting, tutorial structure and tutorial demonstration and explore how＂ to make China maritime universities＇ have ability to train the international students in an efficient and orderly manner; by investigating the relevant enterprises and institutions, and presents a plan for the construction of ＂One Hundred Courses, One Thousand Class-Hours＂.

Bridging Civilizations From Asia to Europe： The Silk Road

Throughout history, Silk Road played an important role with connecting more than 50 countries between its endpoints. Reviving this ancient trade route is a contemporary discussion among politicians. There are many projects realized and proposed for the resurgence of the modem Silk Road, including the railroad project connecting Baku, Tiflis and Kars of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey; the undersea rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait, Marmaray; the Silk Road Economic Belt proposed by China; and the Maritime Silk Road, again proposed by China. Just like the original Silk Road, it was not only a route for caravans or trade, but it was a meeting point for cultural, religious, and philosophical exchanges that served humanity for centuries; today＇s modem Silk Road initiatives should be considered as bridges between Eastern and Western civilizations that will serve the same purpose of its ancient predecessor. The revived Silk Road will facilitate strengthening of relationships in between countries that experienced harmony in history. The railways, transportation facilities, transnational gates, energy corridors, and natural gas pipelines that constitute the Silk Road will transform the region with improving its economy and bringing peace and economic prosperity. With recent developments, it witnesses the importance of geopolitical and historical ties in establishing contemporary alliances. Although there are great expectations with the revival of the modern Silk Road, authors would like to emphasize that it should be an agreement to foster shared interests rather than the interest of bigger partners.

An uplink power control algorithm using traditional iterative model for cognitive radio networks

Based on the analysis of the feature of cognitive radio networks, a relevant interference model was built. Cognitive users should consider especially the problem of interference with licensed users and satisfy the signal-to-interference noise ratio （SINR） requirement at the same time. According to different power thresholds, an approach was given to solve the problem of coexistence between licensed user and cognitive user in cognitive system. Then, an uplink distributed power control algorithm based on traditional iterative model was proposed. Convergence analysis of the algorithm in case of feasible systems was provided. Simulations show that this method can provide substantial power savings as compared with the power balancing algorithm while reducing the achieved SINR only slightly, since 6% S1NR loss can bring 23% power gain. Through further simulations, it can be concluded that the proposed solution has better effect as the noise power or system load increases.