Sub-1V CMOS Voltage Reference Based on Weighted V_(gs)

We propose a voltage reference based on the weighted difference between the gate-source voltages of an nMOS and a pMOS operating in their saturation regions. No diodes or parasitic bipolar transistors are used, The circuit is simulated and fabricated with SMIC 0.18μm mixed-signal technology,and our measurements demonstrate that its temperature coefficient is 44ppm/℃ and its PSRR is - 46dB, It works well when Vdd is above 650mV. The active area of the circuit is about 0.05mm^2.

SMART STRUCTURES USING PIEZOELEMENTS FOR ACTIVE VIBRATION AND NOISE SUPPRESSION IN AVIATION AND AEROSPACE

Smart material and structure (SMS) is a challenging novel technique for the 21 century especially in fields of aviation and aerospace. Vibration and noise suppression smart structure is an important branch of SMS. There are several typical structures such as the cabin of an airplane, space station, the solar board of satellite and the rotor blade of a helicopter, of which the vibrations and radiation noises have bad influences on precise equipments and aiming systems. In order to suppress vibrations and noises of these structures, several algorithms are applied to the models which simulate the structures. Experiments are performed to suppress vibrations and noises by bonding sensors and actuators to the structures at the optimized locations and using computer based measurement and control systems. For the blade vibration control of a helicopter, a non contact method of signal transmission by magneto electric coupling is discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that the methods used for active control are effective.

Analysis of input harmonic current mitigating performance in dual output phase-shift distribution transformer

A novel dual output phase-shift distribution transformer （ DOPSDT ） is proposed based on the electromagnetic filtering theory. First, its structural characteristics, winding connection mode and turn number ratio for special phase shifting are investigated. Secondly, the balance formulation of harmonic magneto-motive forces is derived and the electromagnetic filtering principle of the DOPSDT is introduced. The harmonic mitigating performance under different nonlinear load conditions are also analyzed using the field-circuit coupled method, The analysis results show that the DOPSDT can mitigate the primary current distortion even under severe nonlinear load conditions. By applying the zero sequence flux cancellation and phase-shift techniques at their secondary windings, the DOPSDT can significantly reduce the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th and 19th harmonics within its secondary windings.

Modifications produced by selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and ultra low dose aspirin on platelet activity in portal hypertension

AIM: To study the mechanism involved in the potentially beneficial effect of ultra low dose aspirin (ULDA) in prehepatic portal hypertension, rats were pretreated with selective COX 1 or 2 inhibitors (SC-560 or NS-398 respectively), and subsequently injected with ULDA or placebo. METHODS: Portal hypertension was induced by portal vein ligation. Platelet activity was investigated with an in-vivo model of laser induced thrombus production in mesenteric circulation and induced hemorrhagic time (IHT). Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and dosing of prostanoid products 6-keto-PGF1α, TXB2, PGE2 and LTB4 were also performed. RESULTS: The portal hypertensive group receiving a placebo showed a decreased in vivo platelet activity with prolonged IHT, an effect that was normalized by ULDA. SC-560 induced a mild antithrombotic effect in the normal rats, and an unmodified effect of ULDA. NS-398 had a mild prothrombotic action in portal hypertensive rats, similar to ULDA, but inhibited a further effect when ULDA was added. An increased 6-keto-PGF1α was observed in portal hypertensive group that was normalised after ULDA administration. TXA2 level after ULDA, remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the effect of ULDA on platelet activity in portal hypertensive rats, could act through a COX 2 pathway more than the COX 1, predominant for aspirin at higher doses.

Depressing effect of phenoxyl acetic acids on flotation of minerals containing Ca^(2+)/Mg^(2+) gangues

Phenoxyl acetic acids were applied to determine their depressing effect on minerals containing Ca2+/Mg2+ gangues. Calcite, mixture of calcite and fluorite, and nickel ore were used in the flotation. And the depression mechanism was studied by the determination of contact angle, zeta potential, adsorptive capacity of collector, and IR analysis as well. It is found that 0.1 mmol/L of phenoxyl acetic acid derived from pyrogallol or gallic acid exhibits strong depressing ability on calcite in almost zero yields at pH value of 9.8, and calcite can be depressed in the flotation of calcite/fluorite mixture for approximate 87% yield of fluorite. The flotation result of practical nickel ore containing serpentine indicates that these two depressants may also show better depression performance to serpentine than traditional depressants such as sodium fluosilicate and carboxylmethyl cellulose. Analysis for the depression mechanism reveals that there exists strong chemical interaction between the depressants and minerals.

comparison between tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in stress-exposed rats

AIM To investigate and compare the effects of tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in rats exposed to water-immersion restraint stress(WIRS).METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats. The two control groups were administered vitamin-free palm oil(vehicle) and the two treatment groups were given omeprazole(20 mg/kg) or tocotrienol(60 mg/kg) by oral gavage. After 28 d of treatment, rats from one control group and both treated groups were subjected to WIRS one time for 3.5 h. Gastric lesions were measured and gastric tissues were obtained to measure vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), epidermal growth factor(EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor(b FGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha(TGF-α) m RNA expression. RESULTS Rats exposed to WIRS for 3.5 h demonstrated the presence of considerable ulcers in the form of gastric erosion. The lesion index in the stressed control(S) group was increased(P < 0.001) compared to the tocotrienol treated and omeprazole treated groups. Stress led to a decrease in gastric VEGF(P < 0.001), b FGF(P < 0.001) and TGF-α(P < 0.001) m RNA levels and caused an increase in EGF m RNA(P < 0.001) that was statistically significant compared to the nonstressed control group. Although both treatment agents exerted similar ulcer reducing ability, only treatment with tocotrienol led to increased expression of VEGF(P = 0.008), b FGF(P = 0.001) and TGF-α(P = 0.002) m RNA.CONCLUSION Tocotrienol provides gastroprotective effects in WIRSinduced ulcers. Compared to omeprazole, tocotrienol exerts a similar protective effect, albeit through multiple mechanisms of protection, particularly through up-regulation of growth factors that assist in repair of gastric tissue injuries.

Urotensin Ⅱ inhibits electrical activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons by potentiating the GABA_A receptor-mediated Cl^- current

Objective To examine the effects of urotensin Ⅱ （UⅡ） on the discharges of neurons in CA1 area of hippocampal slices by using extracellular recording technique. Results ①In response to the application of UⅡ （0.3, 3.0, 30.0,300.0 nmol/L, n = 77） into the perfusate for 2 min, the spontaneous discharge rates （SDR） of 63/77 （81.8% ） neurons were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. ②Pretreatment with bicuculline（BIC, 100 μmol/L）, a specific GABAs receptor antagonist, led to a marked increase in the SDR of 6/7 （85.71%） neurons in an epileptiform pattern. The increased discharges were not significantly changed after UⅡ （30.0 nmol/L） was applied into the perfusate for 2 min. ③Pretreatment with picrotoxin （ PIC, 50 μmol/L）, a selective blocker of Cl^- channel, led to an increase in the SDR of all 8/8（ 100% ） neurons. The increased discharges were not influenced by the UⅡ （30.0 nmol/L） applied. ④Application of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibitor N^G nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME, 50μmol/L） into the perfusate for 2 min also significantly augmented the SDR of 14/16 （87.5 % ） neurons , then UⅡ （30.0 nmol/L） applied into the perfusate reduced the increased the SDR of all 14/14 （ 100% ） neurons. Conclusion These results suggest that UⅡ may decrease neuronal activity by potentiating GABAA receptor-mediated CI current in hippocampal CA1 neurons, and involved with the mediation of nitric oxide.

On Solutions of BSDE with Two Barriers Under Non-Lipschitz Condition

In this paper, we derive the existence and uniqueness theorem for the adapted solution to backward stochastic differential equations with two barriers under non-Lipschitz condition via penalization method.

Screening and cloning of differentially expressed genes in placentas from patients of pregnancy-induced hypertension by suppression subtractive hybridization

Suppresssion subtractive hybridization (SSH) was preformed to compare gene expression profiles of PIH patients and normal pregnancy placentas. The subtractive cDNA library of PIH placenta was set up and screedned. Differential cDNAs were cloned, and sequenced by T 7 primer methodology. One hundred and three differential cDNAs were isolated by SSH. Sequencing and BLAST analysis showed 90 inserts shared more than 95% homolog with sequences in the GenBank/EMBL database. We identified 36 putative genes including pregnancy-specific glycoprotein gene (BC005924), serine protease inhibitor gene(BC012868), VEGFR-1 gene(AF063657, etc.

Optimization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by rice dregs hydrolysates using response surface methodology

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have been shown to have antihypertensive effects and have been utilized for physiologically functional foods and pharmaceuticals. The ACE inhibitory ability of a hydrolysate is de- termined by its peptide composition. However, the peptide composition of a hydrolysate depends on proteolytic enzyme and the hydrolysis conditions. In this study, the effect of process conditions on the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolyzed with a trypsin was investigated systematically using response surface methodology. It was shown that the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolysates could be controlled by regulation of five process conditions. Hydrolysis conditions for optimal ACE inhibition were defined using the response surface model of fractional factorial design (FFD), steepest ascent design, and central composite design (CCD).

IC Implementation of a Programmable CMOS Voltage Reference

A new approach for the design and implementation of a programmable voltage reference based on an improved current mode bandgap voltage reference is presented. The circuit is simulated and fabricated with Chartered 0. 35μm mixed-signal technology. Measurements demonstrate that the temperature coefficient is ± 36. 3ppm/℃ from 0 to 100℃ when the VID inputs are 11110.As the supply voltage is varied from 2.7 to 5V, the voltage reference varies by about 5mV. The maximum glitch of the transient response is about 20mV at 125kHz. Depending on the state of the five VID inputs,an output voltage between 1.1 and 1.85V is programmed in increments of 25mV.

Active disturbance rejection control for hydraulic width control system for rough mill

The highly nonlinear behavior of the system limits the performance of classical linear proportional and integral （PI） controllers used for hot rolling. An active disturbance rejection controller is proposed in this paper to deal with the nonlinear problem of hydraulic servo system in order to preserve last response and small overshoot of control system. The active disturbance rejection （ADR） controller is composed of nonlinear tracking differentiator （TD）, extended state observer （ESO） and nonlinear feedback （NF） law. An example of the hydraulic edger system case study is investigated to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed nonlinear controller, especially, in the circumstance of foreign disturbance and working condition variation, compared with classic PI controller.

Analysis and suppression method of transformer no-load closing excitation inrush current

The primary winding of the transformer will generate large inrush current due to the saturation of iron core when an unloaded transformer is switched-on. The inrush current not only causes mechanical interaction force due to which the windings are damaged, but also induces the differential protection relays to operate incorrectly. In this paper, the mathematical model of unloaded single phase transformer in switch-on is analyzed; the computation formulas of the inrush current and its interruption angle are presented. The experiment investigation of single phase transformers with different capacities shows that the inrush current measurement result is consistent with theoretical analysis. The inrush current waveform is typically a steeple top waveform with high order harmonics and damping in one direction. In the same condition, large inrush current amplitude will be induced with smaller switching angle, larger residual flux and smaller saturation flux.

Statins role in cancer prevention and development-recent meta-analyses

The therapeutic indications of 3-hydroxy-3-methylgl-utaryl-coenzyme A （HMG-CoA） reductase inhibitors （statins） include hypercholesterolaemia and the pre-vention of cardiovascular events. Statins are well toler-ated and beyond their unambiguous positive cardio-vascular effects there are a steadily increasing number of pleiotropic actions emerging. In this regard, growth inhibition, apoptosis, anti-infammatory and immuno-modulatory actions have been attributed to statins. The anti-proliferative effects have been the basis for massive preclinical investigations to elucidate a func-tional role for statins in carcinogenesis and tumor cell growth. However, preclinical and clinical studies are conflicting, although there is accumulating evidence that statins are capable to suppress and decrease the incidence and recurrence of some human cancers. Giv-en the fact that statins are well tolerated they might also have some impact in combinations with conven-tional and targeted chemotherapy. While synergism has been shown for many combinations in vitro this does not hold true yet in the clinics. Here we review the rational behind usage of statins in oncological set-tings. Positive effects have been observed in patients with melanoma and cancers from the breast, colon, prostate, lung, liver and hematologic tissues. However, substantial evidence from clinical studies is still weak and confounded by several factors, which are inherent in the study design. The majority of the studies are ob-servational or of retrospective nature. Defnitely, there is substantial need for larger, prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Finally, we conclude that statins at the current status of evidence should not be recommended in the prevention or during progression of any cancers, however, individual statins may have benefcial effects in specifc tumor subgroups.

Active disturbance rejection control for precise position tracking of piezoelectric actuators

Positioning with high precision piezoelectric actuators is widely used.To overcome positioning inaccuracy caused by hysteresis and creep of actuators,a precise tracking method for piezoelectric actuators using active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) has been proposed in this paper.This method,in real-time,actively estimates and compensates parameter uncertainties,nonlinear factors such as hysteresis,and external disturbances in the tracking system.Precise tracking of the piezoelectric actuator can be achieved without any form of feedforward compensations.The experimental results demonstrate that the active disturbance rejection controller can reduce tracking errors by over90%comparing with those using the PID controller.Those features of the proposed control method are very suitable for applications in adaptive optics.

HYPERTENSION IN RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS

Objective To further evaluate the effect of hypertension on renal graft function, and the relationship between hypertension, hyperlipoidemia and ischemic heart disease. Methods 102 renal transplant recipients with a functioning renal graft for more than 1 year were enrolled in this study. Renal function was followed for the further 24 months. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 89.2%(91/102) and 36.2%(33/91) hypertensive patients had uncontrolled blood pressure. After 24 months those with high blood pressure had significantly higher Scr levels than normotensive patients (P<0.05). The number of different antihypertensive classes required was related to Scr (P<0.05). Plasma cholesterol levels in hypertension patients especially in blood pressure uncontrolled group were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Ischemic heart disease was more common in hypertensive patients (P<0.05). Cyclosporine A was associated with hypertension more frequently than azathioprine and FK506, whereas low-dose prednisolone did not appear to influence blood pressure. Conclusion The data further confirmed that hypertension was associated with hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease, and emerged as a predictor of renal graft dysfunction. Whether cyclosporine A should be converted to new immunosuppressive agents and which class of antihypertensive medication is more effective in this population remain open questions.

A Meta-analysis of angitensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on normotensive early diabetic renal diseases

Objective: To make a systematic assessment on whether the progression of early diabetic renal disease with normotension may be slowed down by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Methods: Randomized clinical experiments published on MEDLINE from January 1990 to April 1999 and on China Biological Medicine were reviewed for studying the effects of ACE-inhibitors on normotensive patients with early diabetic renal diseases. Based on the inclusion criteria, 10 studies were selected. Their results were combined and analyzed with RevMan3. I software. Results: The pooled effect of urinary microalbumin excretion rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were -77.502 mg/24 h (-100.748 to-54.256), -5.002 mmHg [-9.630 to 0.685],-2.949 mmHg (-4.005 to 1.892). -4.284 mmHg (-5.444 to 3.123) respectively. Using clinical albuminuria as the end-point, the pooled odd ratio was 0.27 [95% CI 0.18 0.40]. The sub-group analysis showed that those results had no difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There was no significant correlation between the pooled effects of urinary micro-albuminuria excretion rate and systolic blood pressure. diastolic blood pressure or mean arterial blood pressure. Conclusion: ACE inhibitors can decline urinary micro-albuminuria excretion rate in normotensive patients with early diabetic renal disease and delay the progression of early diabetic renal disease to clinical albuminuria. These effects may not be dependent on its blood pressure-reduction effect.

Proton pump inhibitor step-down therapy for GERD:A multi-center study in Japan

AIM:To investigate the predictors of success in stepdown of proton pump inhibitor and to assess the quality of life(QOL).METHODS:Patients who had heartburn twice a week or more were treated with 20 mg omeprazole(OPZ) once daily for 8 wk as an initial therapy(study 1).Patients whose heartburn decreased to once a week or less at the end of the initial therapy were enrolled in study 2 and treated with 10 mg OPZ as maintenance therapy for an additional 6 mo(study 2).QOL was in-vestigated using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS)before initial therapy,after both 4 and 8 wk of initial therapy,and at 1,2,3,and 6 mo after starting maintenance therapy.RESULTS:In study 1,108 patients were analyzed.Their characteristics were as follows;median age:63(range: 20-88)years,sex:46 women and 62 men.The success rate of the initial therapy was 76%.In the patients with successful initial therapy,abdominal pain,indigestion and reflux GSRS scores were improved.In study 2,83 patients were analyzed.Seventy of 83 patients completed the study 2 protocol.In the per-protocol analysis,80%of 70 patients were successful for stepdown.On multivariate analysis of baseline demographic data and clinical information,no previous treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)[odds ratio (OR)0.255,95%CI:0.06-0.98]and a lower indigestion score in GSRS at the beginning of step-down therapy(OR 0.214,95%CI:0.06-0.73)were found to be the predictors of successful step-down therapy.The improved GSRS scores by initial therapy were maintained through the step-down therapy.CONCLUSION:OPZ was effective for most GERD patients.However,those who have had previous treatment for GERD and experience dyspepsia before stepdown require particular monitoring for relapse.

A new adding method of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression in underground coal mines

To realize a stable addition of foaming agent used for foam technology, a new adding method using the jet cavitation was introduced, and its performance was investigated experimentally under different operating conditions. Experimental results show that the bubble region in the jet device has a constant vapor pressure, which creates a good condition for liquid absorption, while it shrinks with increasing outlet pressure. The liquid absorption amount keeps unchanged when the outlet pressure is lower than a critical value. The critical outlet pressure increases by 40% with decreasing cavitation absorption amount, which is especially suitable for mini-flow quantitative addition of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression. Its effectiveness on suppressing mine dust was evaluated in a heading face of underground coal mines. Field application indicates that the reliable and simple foaming system adopting the new adding method makes a marked dust suppression effect. The working environment of heading face is significantly improved, ensuring the safe tunneling and personal security.

Effect of moxibustion on vascular dementia and neuropeptide substance content in cerebral spinal fluid

Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion therapy on the improvements of clinical symptom scale score and neuropeptide substance in vascular dementia （VD） and investigate a mechanism of moxibustion for VD. Methods Eighty-seven cases of VD were divided randomly into a moxibustion group （43 cases） and a medication group （44 cases）. In moxibustion group, the isolated moxibustion with Typhonium Rhizome was applied to Baihui （百会 GV 20）, and suspended moxibustion was used on Shenting （神庭 GV 24） and Dazhui （大椎 GV 14）. In medication group, Piracetam tablet was taken orally. After 4-session treatment, the scores in Hasegawa＇s Dementia Scale （HDS）, Mini Mental Status Examination （MMSE） and Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADL） as well as the content of active substances, somatostatin （SS） and arginine vasopressin （AVP） in cerebral spinal fluid relevant with learning and memory were compared with those before treatment. Results The total effective rate was 81.4% （35/43） in moxibustion group, which was superior to 63.6% （28/44） in medication group （P〈0.01）. The scores in HDS, MMSE and ADL after treatment were all improved as compared with those before treatment in two groups （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The improvements of the scores in MMSE and ADL in moxibustion group were superior to those in medication group （both P〈0.05）. After treatment, SS and AVP content in cerebral spinal fluid increased remarkably as compared with those before treatment in two groups （both P〈0.01）, and SS and AVP levels after treatment in moxibustion group were improved significantly as compared with those in medication group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Moxibustion therapy is superior to oral administration of Piracetam tablet no matter in the improvement of symptom scores or in the regulation of neuropeptide substances relevant with learning and memory, which deserves to be promoted in application.