痹痛贴膏春分/秋分节气穴位贴敷联合来氟米特治疗类风湿关节炎(寒湿痹阻)随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察痹痛贴膏春分/秋分节气穴位贴敷联合来氟米特治疗类风湿关节炎(寒湿痹阻)疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将100例门诊及住院患者按分层随机分组方法随机分为两组。对照组30例来氟米特20mg/次,1次/d,口服。治疗组70例痹痛贴膏春分/秋分节气穴位贴敷,取大椎、双侧肺俞、双侧外关、双侧足三里穴、阿是穴,每年春分或秋分当日起,贴敷1次/5d,3次/节气;取适量(约1cm×1cm×1cm)痹痛贴膏药剂,置于5cm^2无纺布上,中间加0.2g麝香,将膏药准确贴敷穴位上,10贴/人·次^(-1),6~8h/穴,如皮肤无特殊反应或病程长可适当延长时间;贴敷时有不适感,及时取下,戒生冷、烟酒、辛辣、海鲜等食物,两天内避免洗浴;来氟米特治疗同对照组。治疗1年为1疗程。观测临床症状、症状与体征评分、关节肿胀计分、关节压痛计分、晨僵时间计分、红细胞沉降率(ESR),C-反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)、不良反应。治疗1疗程(1年),判定疗效。[结果]治疗组临床痊愈20例,显效28例,有效18例,无效4例,总有效率94.29%;对照组临床痊愈5例,显效14例,有效4例,无效7例,总有效率76.67%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。关节疼痛、关节肿胀、关节压痛、晨僵时间两组均有改善(P<0.01),关节疼痛、关节压痛治疗组改善优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。RF两组无明显变化(P>0.05);ESR、CRP两组均有改善(P<0.01),CRP治疗组改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]痹痛贴膏穴位贴敷联合来氟米特治疗类风湿关节炎(寒湿痹阻),疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

ACC and MACC Biosynthesis and Ethylene Production in Water-Stressed Spring Wheat

Changes of ACC and MACC levels, ACC synthase activity as well as ethylene production in the leaves of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars 8139 (with relatively low drought-resistance) and 504 (with relatively high drought-resistance) during water stress were determined. The levels of ACC and MACC in both cultivars decreased in the first 24 It of water stress and increased in the second 24 It while the activities of ACC synthase increased continuously throughout the entire period of treatment (48 h), As water stress progressed, ethylene production decreased continuously in cv. 8139 but remarkably increased earlier and decreased later in the cv. 504. Moreover, the decrease in RWC of stressed leaves was greater and the changes in ACC and MACC levels as well as ACC synthase activity were higher in the drought-sensitive cv. 8139 than in the drought-resistant cv, 504 during water stress. The levels of ACC and MACC, activities of ACC synthase and productions of ethylene in the stressed leaves in two cultivars were significantly altered by the application of MGBG (an inhibitor of SAMDC) and AOA (an inhibitor of ACC synthase) where their effects on these items were almost opposite. They were increased by the former inhibitor but reduced by the latter. All of these results suggested that the level of ethylene production in plants did not depend on the level of ACC during water stress. The increase in the level of ethylene in the drought-resistant cultivar during the earlier period of water stress might be a phenomenon of adaptation to water stress and be correlated with the development of the drought-tolerance in plants and playing role in the transduction of stress signal. The role of MACC, however, was primarily in the regulation of ethylene production under water stress.

Response of Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat to Whole Season CO_2 Enrichment and Drought

Whole_growing season pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of growth and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gaoyuan 602) to CO 2 enrichment. Wheat plants were grown in open_top chambers (OTCs) subject to two concentrations of CO 2 ()(350 and 700 μL/L, hereafter 'ambient' and 'elevated' respectively) and three soil water levels (80%, 60% and 40% field water capacity ( FWC ), hereafter 'high soil moisture', 'medium soil moisture' and 'low soil moisture' respectively). Elevated CO 2 greatly increased leaf net photosynthesis ( Pn ) at all three soil water levels. The Pn of plants growing under elevated was 22% lower than that of plants growing at ambient when measured with the same (700 μL/L). Plant growth was enhanced by elevated throughout the growing season, with an increase of 14.8% in shoot dry weight at harvest under high soil moisture, and leaf area was increased by about 20% at all three soil water levels. Elevated in combination with high soil moisture increased the ratio of plant shoot dry weight to height by 15.7%, while this ratio was decreased by over 50% when plants were subject to drought. Elevated also increased the water use efficiency of wheat, mainly due to decreases in transpiration and cumulative consumption of water, and an increase in shoot dry weight, with the biggest value of 30% occurring at high soil water moisture level. Compared to high soil moisture, drought decreased shoot dry weight by 72% under ambient , and by 76% under elevated . Similarly, drought also reduced WUE by 19% under ambient , and 23% under elevated . Our results indicate that: (1) elevated can increase the photosynthetic rates, growth and WUE of wheat plants; (2) long_term exposure to high may result in lower photosynthetic capacity; (3) high stimulates plants lateral growth more than vertical growth; (4) the effects of CO 2 enrichment on plants depend on soil water status, with plants benefiting more from CO 2 enrichment if sufficient water is supplied; and (5) drought may cause relatively more reduction in plant growth and WUE under future elevated conditions.

Research on the Agronomic,Quality Traits and the Corresponding Background Genes Distribution of Wheat Germplasm Ningchun 4 and Its Parents

[Objective] The aim of this study was to observe the agronomic,yield and quality traits of Ningchun 4 and its parents under the same environmental conditions,as well as to carry out molecular detection on the background genes distribution of the corresponding traits.[Method]Ningchun 4 and its parents Sonora 64,Hongtu,Abbondanza,Quality were used as materials to detect the agronomic and quality traits,as well as to analyze the genetic variation laws by molecular determination method.[Result]Ningchun 4 had inherited the advantages of bigger spike,red and hard grain from Sonora 64 and higher 1 000-grain weight from Hongtu.However,it had also inherited the disadvantages of late-maturing from Sonora 64 and lower tillering ability from Hongtu;the grain quality of Ningchun 4 was slightly lower than the Sonora 64;Ningchun 4 had high quality subunit of 5＋10,which had good dough rheological properties.[Conclusion]Ningchun 4 had inherited the long photoperiod characteristics and no-resistant to slow-leaf rusting and stripe rust characteristics from Hongtu and low PPO activity,high yellow pigments content from parents.

A Simplified Model with Soil Water Limitation on Spring Wheat Growth

The authors constructed a simplified model of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) carbon assimilation and dry matter accumulation (DMA) process which consisted of two independent variables, day length (L) and total daily radiation (TDR). Leaf water potential (Ψ) was incorporated into the simplified growth model based on the assumption that both light use efficiency (α) and CO 2 conductance of assimilation (g c) were depressed by water limitation. Finally,Ψ was estimated from a regression equation in which the independent variables were relative soil water content in the upper 80 cm (θ R,80 ), ambient temperature (T a), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the cumulative leaf water potential below thresholds of -1.5 MPa (Ψ c,1.5 ). Some applications in research program of field experiment of atmosphere_land surface processes in Heihe River region were tested. The simulated data agreed well with the data observed at Linze oasis in 1989 for various levels of water supply and at Zhangye oasis in 1992 in the field. The analysis and simulation using the model demonstrated that the simplified growth model could describe very well the DMA process of spring wheat with and without water limitation in the region of HEIFE (Heihe field experiment).

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

An extensive soil investigation was conducted in different domains of Changchun to disclose the fractionations of Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn and Ni in urban soils. Meanwhile correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regressions were used to define relationships between soil properties and metal fractions and the chief factors influencing the fractionation of heavy metals in the soils. The results showed that Pb, Ni and Cu were mainly associated with the residual and organic forms; most of Cd was concentrated in the residual and exchangeable fractions. Zn in residual and carbonate fraction was the highest. The activities of the heavy metals probably declined in the following order: Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni. The chemical fractions of heavy metals in different domains in Changchun City were of significantly spatial heterogeneity. Soil properties had different influences on the chemical fractions of heavy metals to some extent and the main factors influencing Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni fractionation and transformation were apparently different.

Temporal and Spatial Variations of ET 0 and Sensitivity Coefficients in Spring-summer in Eastern Agricultural Areas of Qinghai,China

Reference crop evapotranspiration(ET 0) is a key parameter to calculate crop water requirements.In the paper,ET 0 during 1960-2005 was calculated with FAO-56 PM in eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai,China.Then the sensitivity coefficients of ET 0 to meteorological variables were estimated through the nondimensional partial derivative in FAO-56 PM.Results show that the mean annual ET 0 of the whole area is 904 mm,and ET 0 portrays a very significant decrease during the 46 years.In spatial,ET 0 decreases from southeast to northwest,firstly increases then decreases from southwest to northeast.Through sensitivity analysis,in spring the most sensitive variable is relative humidity,while in summer is temperature.The temperature,sunshine duration and wind speed sensitivity coefficients(S(TA),S(n),S(u)) are higher in middle areas as opposed to surrounding areas,while the relative humidity sensitivity coefficient(S(RH)) has an opposite distribution rule.

Analysis on Main Traits of Spring Wheat Landraces in Tibet

In this study, 9 main traits of 774 spring wheat landraces in Tibet were investigated and analyzed. The results show that spring wheat landraces in Tibet have high plant height （with an average of 126.1 cm） and long growth period （with an average of 135.2 d）, with an average spike length of 9.5 cm, average effective tiller number per plant of 5.9, average spikelet number per spike of 19.9, average kernel number per spikelet of 3.5, average spikelet number per spike of 51.8, aver- age kernel weight per spike of 2.0 g, and average 1 000-grain weight of 38.1 g. Specifically, kernel number per spikelet of 2 landraces is larger than 6.0, spikelet number per spike of 2 landraces is larger than 100, kernel weight per spike of 2 landraces is larger than 4.0 g, 1 000-grain weight of 11 tandraces is larger than 50 g. There is abundant genetic diversity in those traits except in growth period, and the coefficient variation of 9 traits is in a decreasing order of effective tiller number per plant 〉 kernel weight per spike 〉 kernel number per spike 〉 spike length 〉 kernel number per spikelet 〉 1 000-grain weight 〉 plant height 〉 spikelet number per spike 〉 growth period. There is different relevance among different traits. Growth period is extremely significantly positively related to yield traits; grain number traits are extremely significantly positively relative to plant height and spike length, but ex- tremely significantly negatively relative to effective tiller number per plant; kernel number per spike is extremely significantly positively relative to kernel weight per spike, but extremely significantly negatively related to 1 000-grain weight; 1 000-grain weight is extremely significantly positively related to kernel weight per spike. Based on principal component analysis, these 9 traits could be included by 5 principal com- ponents （grain number, grain weight, spike length, tiller number and growth period）. According to the comprehensive evaluation values of these five principal components, 50 landraces including ZM019573, ZM019849, ZM019730, ZM018745, ZM019657, ZM019891, ZM020533, ZM018508, 7M019074 and ZM020026 have good performance.

Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Heavy Haze in Changchun City in Northeast China

Northeast China has been reported as having serious air pollution in China with increasing occurrences of severe haze epi- sodes. Changchun City, as the center of Northeast China, has longstanding industry and is an important agricultural base. Additionally, Changchun City has a long winter requiring heating of buildings emitting pollution into the air. These factors contribute to the complex- ity of haze pollution in this area. In order to analyze the causes of heavy haze, surface air quality has been monitored from 2013 to 2015. By using satellite and meteorological data, atmospheric pollution status, spatio-temporal variations and formation have been analyzed. Results indicated that the air quality in 88.9% of days exceeding air quality index （AQI） level-1 standard （AQI 〉50） according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard （NAAQS） of China. Conversely, 33.7% of the days showed a higher level with AQI 〉 100. Ex- treme haze events （AQI 〉 300） occurred frequently during agricultural harvesting period （from October 10 to November 10）, intensive winter heating period （from Late-December to February） and period of spring windblown dust （April and May）. Most daily concentra- tions of gaseous pollutants, i.e., NO2 （43.8 gg/m3）, CO （0.9 mg/m3）, SO2 （37.9 gg/m3）, and 03 （74.9 gg/m3） were evaluated within level-1 concentration limits of NAAQS standards. However, particulate matter （PM2.5 and PMI0） concentrations （67.3 ~tg/m3and 115.2 ~g/m3, respectively） were significantly higher than their level-1 limits. Severe haze in spring was caused by offsite transported dust and windblown surface soil. Heavy haze periods during fall and winter were mainly formed by intensive emissions of atmospheric pollutants and steady weather conditions （i.e., low wind speed and inversion layer）. The overlay emissions of widespread straw burning and coal combustion for heating were the dominant factors contributing to haze in autumn, while intensive coal burning during the coldest time was the primary component of total emissions. In addition, general emissions including automobile exhaust, road and construction dust, residential and industrial activities, have significantly increased in recent years, making heavy haze a more frequent occurrence. There- fore, both improved technological strategies and optimized pollution management on a regional scale are necessary to minimize emis- sions in specified seasons in Changchun City, as well as comprehensive control measures in Northeast China.

Groundwater system analysis of south Yishu geosyncline

South Yishu geosyncline is 50 km southeast of Changchun City of Jilin Province, where an aquifer is thick,surface runoff is abundant and it has potential to develop water resources preferably. By means of system analysis, the authors analyse the structural characteristics, I/O characteristics, function characteristics and boundary and environment characteristics of the groundwater system, so as to search for a way of optimizing water resources arrangement and enhancing water resources'bearing capacity. Based on the analysis results, the authors abstract conceptual model and mathematical model of the groundwater system. The simulation results certify and enrich the knowledge about south Yishu geosyncline.

Significance and Microscopic Analysis of Deformation in the Cultural Remains of Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period at Daijiayuan Ruins in Huoshan,Anhui Province,China

During an excavation survey to the Daijiayuan vestige of the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period at Huoshan in Western Anhui,a ground crack related to tectonic movement and filled with silty fine sand was found. This phenomenon was initially confirmed to be due to seismic liquefaction. Many microscopic seismic relics,such as load structure,flow structure,cutoff plane and flotation of organic matter were found in the directional microscopic analysis of deformation. These discoveries and cognitions prove that there were two earthquake events taking place in the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period in this area. Above-mentioned works enrich and develop the research methods to identify prehistoric earthquake event in eastern China area to a certain extent.

Control Effect of 80% Nicosulfuron·Atrazine Water-dispersible Granules on Weeds in Spring Maize Field

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the control effect of different concentrations of 80% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules on weeds in spring maize field. [Method] Maize field was sprayed with 300, 375, 450, 750 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules respectively, with 40 g/L nicosulfuron suspending concentrate and 38% atrazine suspending concentrate as control agents. Artificial weeding and control(CK) plots were set. [Result] Fresh weight control efficiency of 375-750 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules was significantly higher than that of 40 g/L nicosulfuron suspending concentrate and 38% atrazine suspending concentrate; no obvious phytotoxicity symptoms were observed after application of 300-450 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine waterdispersible granules; 750 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules posed certain impact on the growth of maize seedlings. Compared with control plots, various doses of 80% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules significantly improved the yield of maize. [Conclusion] In the present study, 375-450 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules exhibited high control effect on weeds in maize field and were safe for the growth of maize seedlings.

Predicting Western Pacific Subtropical High Using a Combined Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Forecast

Weather and climate in East China are closely related to the variability of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH), which is an important part of the Asian monsoon system. The WPSH prediction in spring and summer is a critical component of rainfall forecasting during the summer flood season in China. Although many attempts have been made to predict WPSH variability, its predictability remains limited in practice due to the complexity of the WPSH evolution. Many studies have indicated that the sea surface temperature(SST) over the tropical Indian Ocean has a significant effect on WPSH variability. In this paper, a statistical model is developed to forecast the monthly variation in the WPSH during the spring and summer seasons on the basis of its relationship with SST over the tropical Indian Ocean. The forecasted SST over the tropical Indian Ocean is the predictor in this model, which differs significantly from other WPSH prediction methods. A 26-year independent hindcast experiment from 1983 to 2008 is conducted and validated in which the WPSH prediction driven by the combined forecasted SST is compared with that driven by the persisted SST. Results indicate that the skill score of the WPSH prediction driven by the combined forecasted SST is substantial.

Comparison of volatile constituents in two types of mugwort leaves(produced in Qichun and Nanyang) using the headspace GC-MS

Objective： To compare the volatile constituents in mugwort leaves produced in Qichun, Hubei Province and Nanyang, Henan Province. Methods： The volatile constituents were extracted using headspace heating and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Then a qualitative analysis was made according to the standard database provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） and the relative contents of each constituent were calculated using the peak area normalization method. Results： A total of 59 compounds were identified from the mugwort leaves from Qichun and 51 compounds were identified from the mugwort leaves from Nanyang. These mainly include monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, C^HvOz and other compounds involving the aldehyde, ketone, alkane and benzene. The mugwort leaves from Qichun and Nanyang share 32 common volatile constituents. The chromatographic peak area of identified compounds accounting for 96.38% of GC-MS total chromatographic peak areain Qichun mugwort leaves, versus 95.54% of that in Nanyang mugwort leaves. Conclusion： The headspace heating extraction combined with GC-MS technology can evidently display similarities and differences of volatile constituents in mugwort leaves produced in different areas and thus provide scientific basis for the quality and screening of mugwort leaves.

Recent progress on single-molecule nanocatalysis based on single-molecule fluorescence microscopy

Understanding the heterogeneous catalytic properties of nanoparticles is of great significance for the development of high efficient nanocatalysts, but the intrinsic heterogeneities of nanocatalysts were always covered in traditional ensemble studies. This issue can be overcome if one can follow the catalysis of individual nanoparticles in real time. This paper mainly summarizes recent developments in single- molecule nanocatalysis at single particle level in Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. These developments include the revealing of catalytic kinetics of different types （plane ＆ edge） of surface atoms on individual Pd nanocubes, the observing of in situ deactivation of indi- vidual carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles during the electrocatalytic hydrogen-oxidation reaction, and the measurement of catalytic activation energies on single nanocatalysts for both product formation process and dissociation process, etc. These studies further indicate the advantages or unique abilities of single-molecule methods in the studies of nanocatalvsis or even chemical reactions.