多角度探讨丹荷颗粒对于高胆固醇大鼠脾虚证候的改善作用

目的通过宏观表征、行为学、生理病理变化来观察丹荷颗粒对高胆固醇血症大鼠脾虚证候的影响作用。方法选取雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为空白对照组6只和高脂组30只。采用高脂乳剂灌胃加潮湿垫料干预6周诱导高胆固醇血症脾虚证大鼠模型。将成模大鼠随机分为模型组,丹荷低、中、高剂量组(0.37、1.10、3.30 g/kg),阿托伐他汀组(2.1 mg/kg),空白对照组及模型组给予等体积纯净水,每日1次,持续灌胃6周。观测大鼠的宏观表征(体质量、进食量)、旷场实验、抓力实验,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血清淀粉酶、胃残余率、小肠推进率水平,观察小肠黏膜组织病理学变化。将高胆固醇血症临床常见证候诊断标准等效转化,用于大鼠证候辨识。结果与空白对照组相比,模型组血清TC、LDL-C升高,体质量、进食量下降;旷场实验运动总距离下降;抓力下降;胃残余率升高;小肠推进率下降;小肠黏膜绒毛变短、隐窝变浅,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,给药各组均可以降低血清TC、LDL-C水平,增长体质量、进食量;丹荷高、低剂量组运动总距离升高;丹荷高剂量组、阿托伐他汀组抓力水平升高;丹荷高剂量组血清淀粉酶升高;丹荷高、中剂量组、阿托伐他汀组胃残余率降低,小肠推进率升高;丹荷各组小肠绒毛增长、隐窝深度增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经证候辨识,该模型高胆固醇血症大鼠为脾虚证候。结论丹荷颗粒对高脂乳剂加潮湿垫料诱导的高胆固醇血症大鼠的血脂有调节作用,可改善其脾虚证候,对其乏力状态及胃肠动力减弱有缓解和恢复作用。

“负、何/荷、担、挑”的历时演变与更替

通过对汉语中表"肩挑、担"义一组词的考察,观察它们历时演变更替的过程。作者认为先秦时期,"何/荷"占主体,由于"何"虚化为疑问词,就借用同音字"荷"代替"何"的"肩挑、担"义。同时,随着汉语白话系统的发展,表"肩挑、担"的口语词"担"作为常用词从魏晋南北朝至今一直在使用,而产生于唐时表该义的"挑",发展到元明时期已远超"担"的用例,并且这种现象一直持续到现在;从先秦到目前"负",用例一直不多,且一般保留在书面语中。

荷叶调脂疏肝汤联合GLP-1受体激动剂治疗糖耐量异常并非酒精性脂肪肝的临床效果

目的 研究荷叶调脂疏肝汤联合胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂治疗糖耐量异常(IGT)并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的临床疗效。方法 将医院2020年1月—2021年1月间收治的102例IGT并NAFLD患者采用随机数字表法均分为观察组与对照组,两组均应用GLP-1受体激动剂,观察组该基础上加用荷叶调脂疏肝汤,连续治疗12周,统计两组治疗效果。结果 治疗后,两组肝郁脾虚证症状,包括胁肋痛、腹痛、乏力、烦躁易怒、腹痛欲泻、溏便不爽、食欲不振、喜太息以及各项目总积分均较同组治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后,各症状积分及总积分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后,空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)以及空腹血糖(FPG)水平均较同组治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后,FINS、HOMA-IR以及FPG水平均显著低于对照组治疗后水平(P<0.05)。两组治疗后,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)均较同组治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)显著上升(P<0.05),观察组治疗后体质量指数(BMI)较其治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),对照组治疗前后BMI无显著性改变(P>0.05),且观察组治疗后,脂代谢相关指标TG、TC、LDL-C以及BMI水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组肝功能相关指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)以及γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平均较同组治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),但观察组治疗后肝功能相关指标水平均显著低于对照组治疗后(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组肝脏B超分级较其治疗前有显著性改变(P<0.05),对照组治疗前后肝脏彩超分级改变不显著(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组肝脏彩超分级显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,观察组在初次注射利拉鲁肽时有1例患者出现过敏反应,经降低药物注射剂量后过敏反应消失,后逐渐适应,两组均未出现药物相关不良的严重不良反应。结论 在GLP-1RAs的基础上联合应用荷叶调脂疏肝汤能有效改善IGT并NAFLD患者临床症状,调节患者血糖血脂,抑制IR,改善肝功能,且治疗安全性高。

Failure mechanisms and destruction characteristics of cemented coal gangue backfill under compression effect of non-uniform load

Backfill mining is one of the most important technical means for controlling strata movement and reducing surface subsidence and environmental damage during exploitation of underground coal resources. Ensuring the stability of the backfill bodies is the primary prerequisite for maintaining the safety of the backfilling working face, and the loading characteristics of backfill are closely related to the deformation and subsidence of the roof. Elastic thin plate model was used to explore the non-uniform subsidence law of the roof, and then the non-uniform distribution characteristics of backfill bodies’ load were revealed. Through a self-developed non-uniform loading device combined with acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) monitoring technology, the synergistic dynamic evolution law of the bearing capacity, apparent crack, and internal fracture of cemented coal gangue backfills (CCGBs) under loads with different degrees of non-uniformity was deeply explored. The results showed that: 1) The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of CCGB increased and then decreased with an increase in the degree of non-uniformity of load (DNL). About 40% of DNL was the inflection point of DNL-UCS curve and when DNL exceeded 40%, the strength decreased in a cliff-like manner;2) A positive correlation was observed between the AE ringing count and UCS during the loading process of the specimen, which was manifested by a higher AE ringing count of the high-strength specimen. 3) Shear cracks gradually increased and failure mode of specimens gradually changed from “X” type dominated by tension cracks to inverted “Y” type dominated by shear cracks with an increase in DNL, and the crack opening displacement at the peak stress decreased and then increased. The crack opening displacement at 40% of the DNL was the smallest. This was consistent with the judgment of crack size based on the AE b-value, i. e., it showed the typical characteristics of “small b-value-large crack and large b-value-small crack”. The research results are of significance for preventing the instability and failure of backfill.

复方小儿桑菊薄荷合剂防腐剂的筛选

目的:筛选复方小儿桑菊薄荷合剂防腐剂的种类及浓度,提高复方小儿桑菊薄荷合剂质量。方法:在复方小儿桑菊薄荷合剂中分别加入0.01%和0.02%羟苯乙酯,0.01%醋酸氯已定,0.02%醋酸氯已定丙二醇溶液,0.02%醋酸氯已定甘油溶液,0.01%和0.02%苯扎溴铵,0.03%、0.05%苯甲酸,0.01%和0.02%氯化苯甲烃铵置于室温观察溶解情况,并在不同留样期进行微生物限度检查。结果:除0.01%、0.02%和0.05%羟苯乙酯,0.01%醋酸氯已定,0.02%醋酸氯已定丙二醇溶液,0.02%醋酸氯已定甘油溶液,有结晶析出,其余防腐剂均在复方小儿桑菊薄荷合剂中溶解完全;含有0.01%和0.02%苯扎溴铵,0.03%和0.05%苯甲酸,0.01%和0.02%氯化苯甲烃铵的样品放置12个月,微生物限度均符合规定。结论:可选用0.03%苯甲酸,0.01%氯化苯甲烃铵为复方小儿桑菊薄荷合剂的防腐剂。

Chalcogenide-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts

The unique photocatalytic mechanism of S-scheme heterojunction can be used to study new and efficient photocatalysts.By carefully selecting semiconductors for S-scheme heterojunction photo-catalysts,it is possible to reduce the rate of photogenerated carrier recombination and increase the conversion efficiency of light into energy.Chalcogenides are a group of compounds that include sulfides and selenides(e.g.,CdS,ZnS,Bi_(2)S_(3),MoS_(2),ZnSe,CdSe,and CuSe).Chalcogenides have at-tracted considerable attention as heterojunction photocatalysts owing to their narrow bandgap,wide light absorption range,and excellent photoreduction properties.This paper presents a thor-ough analysis of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts based on chalcogenides.Following an introduction to the fundamental characteristics and benefits of S-scheme heterojunction photocata-lysts,various chalcogenide-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst synthesis techniques are summarized.These photocatalysts are used in numerous significant photocatalytic reactions,in-cluding the reduction of carbon dioxide,synthesis of hydrogen peroxide,conversion of organic matter,generation of hydrogen from water,nitrogen fixation,degradation of organic pollutants,and sterilization.In addition,cutting-edge characterization techniques,including in situ characterization techniques,are discussed to validate the steady and transient states of photocatalysts with an S-scheme heterojunction.Finally,the design and challenges of chalcogenide-based S-scheme het-erojunction photocatalysts are explored and recommended in light of state-of-the-art research.

Strength and damage evolution mechanism of rock mass with holes under cyclic loading

The damage and failure law of rock mass with holes is of great significance to the stability control of roadways. This study investigates the mechanical properties and failure modes of porous rock masses under cyclic loading, elucidates the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and their spatial evolution, and establishes the interrelation among AE, stress, strain, time, and cumulative damage. The results reveal that the rock mass with holes and the intact rock mass show softening and hardening characteristics after cyclic loading. The plastic strain of the rock mass with holes is smaller than that of the intact rock mass, and the stress −strain curve shows hysteresis characteristics. Under uniaxial compression, the pore-bearing rock mass shows the characteristics of higher ringing count, AE energy, b-value peak, and more cumulative ringing count in the failure stage, while it shows lower characteristics under cyclic action. At the initial stage of loading, compared with the intact rock mass, the pore-containing rock mass shows the characteristics of a low b-value. The AE positioning and cumulative damage percentage are larger, and the AE positioning is denser around the hole. The specimen with holes is mainly shear failure, and the complete specimen is mainly tensile shear failure.

Charge-balanced codoping enables exceeding doping limit and ultralow thermal conductivity

Materials with low thermal conductivity are applied extensively in energy management,and breaking the amorphous limits of thermal conductivity to solids has attracted widespread attention from scientists.Doping is a common strategy for achieving low thermal conductivity that can offer abundant scattering centers in which heavier dopants always result in lower phonon group velocities and lower thermal conductivities.However,the amount of equivalent heavyatom single dopant available is limited.Unfortunately,nonequivalent heavy dopants have finite solubility because of charge imbalance.Here,we propose a charge balance strategy for SnS by substituting Sn2+with Ag^(+)and heavy Bi^(3+),improving the doping limit of Ag from 2%to 3%.Ag and Bi codoping increases the point defect concentration and introduces abundant boundaries simultaneously,scattering the phonons at both the atomic scale and nanoscale.The thermal conductivity of Ag0.03Bi0.03Sn0.94S decreased to 0.535 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)at room temperature and 0.388 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)at 275°C,which is below the amorphous limit of 0.450 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)for SnS.This strategy offers a simple way to enhance the doping limit and achieve ultralow thermal conductivity in solids below the amorphous limit without precise structural modification.

Investigation of granite failure precursor under axial load using modified LSTM framework

Granite is usually composed of quartz,biotite,feldspar,and cracks,and the variation characteristics of these components could reflect the deformation and failure process of rock well.Taking granite as an example,the video camera was used to record the deformation and failure process of rock.The distribution of meso-components in video images was then identified.The meso-components of rock failure precursors were also discussed.Moreover,a modified LSTM(long short-term memory method)based on SSA(sparrow search algorithm)was proposed to estimate the change of meso-components of rock failure precursor.It shows that the initiation and expansion of cracks are mainly caused by feldspar and quartz fracture,and when the quartz and feldspar exit the stress framework,rock failure occurs;the second large increase of crack area and the second large decrease of quartz or feldspar area may be used as a precursor of rock failure;the precursor time of rock failure based on meso-scopic components is about 4 s earlier than that observed by the naked eye;the modified LSTM network has the strongest estimation ability for quartz area change,followed by feldspar and biotite,and has the worst estimation ability for cracks;when using the modified LSTM network to predict the precursors of rock instability and failure,quartz and feldspar could be given priority.The results presented herein may provide reference in the investigation of rock failure mechanism.

Identification of origin of insulating polymer maneuvered photoredox catalysis

Solid non-conjugated polymers have long been regarded as insulators due to deficiency of delocalizedπelectrons along the molecular chain framework.Up to date,origin of insulating polymer regulated charge transfer has not yet been uncovered.In this work,we unleash the root origin of charge transport capability of insulating polymer in photocatalysis.We ascertain that insulating polymer plays crucial roles in fine tuning of electronic structure of transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs),which mainly include altering surface electron density of TMCs for accelerating charge transport kinetics,triggering the generation of defect over TMCs for prolonging carrier lifetime,and acting as hole-trapping mediator for retarding charge recombination.These synergistic roles contribute to the charge transfer of insulating polymer.Our work opens a new vista of utilizing solid insulating polymers for maneuvering charge transfer toward solar energy conversion.

Single-atom modified graphene cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction on halide perovskite

Metal halide perovskite(MHP)has become one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction owing to the wide light absorption range,negative conduction band position and high reduction ability.However,photoreduction of CO_(2)by MHP remains a challenge because of the slow charge separation and transfer.Herein,a cobalt single-atom modified nitrogen-doped graphene(Co-NG)cocatalyst is prepared for enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction of bismuth-based MHP Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9).The optimal Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/Co-NG composite exhibits the CO production rate of 123.16μmol g-1 h-1,which is 17.3 times higher than that of Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9).Moreover,the Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/Co-NG composite photocatalyst exhibits nearly 100%CO selectivity as well as impressive long-term stability.Charge carrier dynamic characterizations such as Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),single-particle PL microscope and transient absorption(TA)spectroscopy demonstrate the vital role of Co-NG cocatalyst in accelerating the transfer and separation of photogenerated charges and improving photocatalytic performance.The reaction mechanism has been demonstrated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy measurement.In addition,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy test and theoretical calculation reveal the reaction reactive sites and reaction energy barriers,demonstrating that the introduction of Co-NG promotes the formation of~(*)COOH intermediate,providing sufficient evidence for the highly selective generation of CO.This work provides an effective single-atom-based cocatalyst modification strategy for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction and is expected to shed light on other photocatalytic applications.

盐酸去甲乌药碱负荷99Tcm-MIBI心肌灌注显像在冠心病诊断中的价值

目的分析去甲乌药碱盐酸盐(HG)负载99Tcm标记-MIBI心肌灌注显像(MPI)的检查方法用于冠心病的诊断价值。方法我院100例可疑冠心病患者均进行HG负荷MPI和冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,以冠状动脉造影的结果为标准来计算HG负荷MPI对冠状动脉疾病的敏感度,特异性,准确性,阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果冠状动脉心脏疾病经HG负荷MPI检查为76.18%的敏感度,75.00%的准确性,93.75%的特异性,不良反应较小。结论采用HG负荷MPI诊断冠心病的临床效果具有一定优势,临床副作用轻微。

Mechanical response of roof rock mass unloading during continuous mining process in underground mine

Taking the test stopes during continuous mining induced roof caving of Tongkeng ore-body No.92 as example, the calculation flow of unloading analysis was established. According to the unloading region division method of the affected zone theory, and the deterioration laws of mechanics parameters of unloading rock mass, the continuous mining process in underground mine was analyzed by the software MIDAS/GTS, the mechanical response of roof rock mass unloading was studied, and the differences were analyzed with the conventional simulation. The result shows that the maximum tensile stress, subsidence displacement and equivalent plastic strain of roof rock mass are 1.5 MPa, 20 cm and 1.5% in the unloading analysis, while 1.0 MPa, 13 cm and 0.9% in the conventional analysis. The values of unloading analysis, which are also closer to the actual situation, are greater than those of conventional analysis; the maximum step in continuous mining is 48 m, which shows that the induced treatment of the roof should be carried out after 2 mining steps

Mechanisms of surface charge development of serpentine mineral

The electrokinetic behavior and surface dissolution of serpentine mineral were studied through Zeta potential measurements, dissolution experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that serpentine has an iso-electric point （IEP） of 11.9, which is higher than that of other phyllosilicate minerals. Dissolution experiments show that the hydroxyl is easy to dissolve with respect to the magnesium cations in the magnesium oxide octahedral sheet. As a result of hydroxyl dissolution, the magnesium ions are left on serpentine surface, which is responsible for serpentine surface charge. The removal of magnesium ions from serpentine surface by acid leaching results in a decrease of serpentine IEP. Therefore, it has been clearly established that the surface charge developed at the serpentine/aqueous electrical interface is a function of the serpentine surface incongruent dissolution.

Energy conversion of rocks in process of unloading confining pressure under different unloading paths

Based on energy theory and tests of rocks with initial confining pressures of 10, 20 and 30 MPa under different unloading paths, the processes of strain energy conversion were investigated. The absorbing strain energy for axial compression, the dissipating strain energy for plastic deformation and cracks propagation, the expending strain energy for circumferential deformation, and the storing and releasing elastic strain energy were considered. Unloading paths included the condition of fixing axial pressure and unloading axial pressure, increasing axial pressure and unloading confining pressure, as well as unloading axial pressure and confining pressure simultaneously. Results show that expending strain energy for circumferential deformation has mainly evolved from absorbing strain energy for axial compression in three unloading paths during unloading processes. Dissipating strain energy is significantly increased only near the peak point. The effect of initial confining pressure on strain energy is significantly higher than that of unloading path. The strain energy is linearly increased with increasing initial confining pressure. The unloading path and initial confining pressure also have great influence on the energy dissipation. The conversion rate of strain energy in three paths is increased with increasing initial confining pressure, and the effect of initial confining pressure on conversion rate of strain energy is related with the unloading paths.

Damage of concrete attacked by sulfate and sustained loading

The damage processes of ordinary concrete and high strength concrete, attacked by solutions of 2. 5%, 5. 0% and 10% Na2SO4（mass fraction）are studied. And the effects of flexural loads with stress ratios of 25% and 50% of the initial flexural strength on the damage process of concrete are also investigated. The results show that the damage process of concrete attacked by sulfate salt exhibits an initial damaged stage, a performance improving stage and a performance worsening stage. When the concentration of Na2SO4 in a solution increases from 2. 5% to 5.0%, the service time of the concrete decreases approximately 25%. Furthermore, it decreases to even 40% with an increase in a Na2SO4 concentration up to 10%. And the flexural load accelerates the deterioration rate of the concrete in the latter period. The stress ratio increases from 0 to 25%, the failure time of the concrete decreases 15% ; and the failure time decreases between 25% and 35% when the stress ratio increases from 25% to 50%. In addition, sulfate corrosion products of concrete are studied by SEM （scanning electron microscopy）, EDS （energy disperse spectroscopy） and XRD（X-ray diffraction）.

Effect of induction unloading on weakening of rock mechanics properties

The effects of induction unloading such as drilling, blasting, lancing and water-infusion softening on weakening of rock mechanics properties were investigated. Three stress paths were chosen as test schemes corresponding to the triaxial compressive test, pre-peak and post-peak unloading the confining pressure tests. The results show that compression deformation is the main cause of rock failure under loading condition. However, the strong dilatation leads to the rock failure along unloading direction. Rock failure happens even under little axial stress with confining pressure unloading. Poisson ratio increases with the decrease of confining pressure during the process of unloading. Elastic modulus increases slowly along with the decline of confining pressure, but decreases rapidly when unloaded to yielding strength. It shows that the weakening rate of rock intensity tends to be faster with easily failure under the unloading condition.

Congregated electron phase and Wagner model applied in titanium distribution behavior in low-titanium slag

For studying the carbon thermal reduction rules of titanium in hot metal and providing a theoretical basis for the blast furnace（BF） hearth protection, the distribution behavior of titanium between low-titanium slag system of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 and hot metal was studied using analytical reagents in a temperature range from 1350 °C to 1600 °C. Through high temperature melting, rapid quenching, chemical analysis and thermodynamic model calculating, the results showed that the increase of reaction temperature, which improved the titanium distribution L（Ti） and lowered the system activity coefficient γsys, leads to the rise of equilibrium constant. Combined with Wagner and congregated electron phase models, the data obtained in distribution experiments were used to fit out the Gibbs free energy formula of titanium carbothermic reduction. Finally, the relations between the contents of Si and Ti in hot metal and the titanium load to reach the minimum w（Ti） for the formation of Ti C were given.

Molecular Ecology of Lower Subtropical Species, Schima superba and Castanopsis chinensis in Three Succession Series Communities

Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)was used to analyze 2 populations: Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Castanopsis chinensis Hance. across three different communities representing three succession stages, in Dinghu Mountain, China. These two were middle succession species in the lower subtropical broad_leaved forest. Four AFLP primer combinations using total 48 individuals of S. superba provided 24, 40, 27 and 27 reliable bands, of which 15, 23, 23 and 16 were polymorphic, respectively. Similarly, total 48 individuals of C. chinensis provided 27, 20, 33 and 39 reliable bands, of which 12, 5, 15 and 13 were polymorphic respectively. These bands were used as presence/absence data to assess the levels of genetic variation and population structure of those species. From average heterozygosity, S. superba possessed higher molecular variation than C. chinensis . Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)indicated that most of the genetic variation of S. superba was due to the differences within population(95.99%, P <0.001), with 4.01% ( P <0.001)genetic variation among population. Similarly, AMOVA indicated the most of the genetic variation of C. chinensis was due to the differences within population(75.36%, P <0.001), with 24.64%( P <0.001)genetic variation among communities(24.64%). DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis) analysis showed that the individuals of S. superba from the same community did not cluster together, while the individuals of C. chinensis from the same community roughly cluster together. The above results reflected the biological characteristics of the two different species suggesting the significant effect of microenvironment of different community on population differentiation and its relationship of which to forest succession resulted in genetic divergence.

Critical load position for cavities beneath CRCP slab under vehicle loading

In order to study the critical load position that causes cavities beneath the continuously reinforced concrete pavement（ CRCP） slab under vehicle loading, the elliptical load is translated into the square load based on the equivalence principle.The CRCP slab is analyzed to determine the cavity position beneath the slab under vehicle loading. The influences of cavity size on the CRCP slab＇s stress and vertical displacement are investigated. The study results showthat the formation of the cavity is unavoidable under traffic loading, and the cavity is located at the edge of the longitudinal crack and the slab corner.The cavity size exerts an obvious influence on the largest horizontal tensile stress and vertical displacement. The slab corner is the critical load position of the CRCP slab. The results can be used to assist the design of CRCP in avoiding cavities beneath slabs subject to vehicle loading.