China still use sketch maps as control devices that guarantees consistency and accuracy of population counting in previous census.Although the rapid advancement of geospatial technologies provides many possible soluti...China still use sketch maps as control devices that guarantees consistency and accuracy of population counting in previous census.Although the rapid advancement of geospatial technologies provides many possible solutions of digital census mapping,existing researches do not answer which solution is suitable to China.Subject to many constraints originated from characteristics of China,a practical solution of census mapping based on remote sensing imagery and auxiliary geographic information was proposed and proved to be feasible through evaluation analysis and a three-stage pilot study.Imagery with 2.5 meters and higher resolution,innovative workflow of census areas delineation,easy-to-use census mapping software packages and training organization all together provide the all-around supports for the 2010 rounded census (the 6th census) mapping activities.A digital census geographic framework detailed at the level of enumeration area was established in the 2010 rounded census which fills in the gaps in the field of modern geospatial census in China.The spatially referenced digital census database,especially the detailed census units,is of great value in successive census,sampling survey and many other census-related fields.Future work including quality evaluation of census areas,census mapping solution in the Tibet Autonomous Region are also discussed.展开更多
The two-dimensional series patterns have been greatly applied to the changes of clothing details and edges, and the clothes with series edges is able to fully embody the clothing structure, highlight clothing modeling...The two-dimensional series patterns have been greatly applied to the changes of clothing details and edges, and the clothes with series edges is able to fully embody the clothing structure, highlight clothing modeling features, and modify the beauty of bodily form, so that clothes looks simple, decent, and cool, and its structure is clear to all; a form of rotation is formed on the human body, making the beauty-appreciation perspective of the viewers greatly changed. However, there are unending changes in the modern clothes, and therefore it is particularly important to explore a new design way of thinking in the field of design. The two-dimensional series patterns are reflected in the clothing details by relying on different composition forms, and can show the essence of traditional Chinese culture and promote design to win in details.展开更多
Remote sensing based land cover mapping at large scale is time consuming when using either supervised or unsupervised clas- sification approaches. This article used a fast clustering method---Clustering by Eigen Space...Remote sensing based land cover mapping at large scale is time consuming when using either supervised or unsupervised clas- sification approaches. This article used a fast clustering method---Clustering by Eigen Space Transformation （CBEST） to pro- duce a land cover map for China. Firstly, 508 Landsat TM scenes were collected and processed. Then, TM images were clus- tered by combining CBEST and K-means in each pre-defined ecological zone （50 in total for China）. Finally, the obtained clusters were visually interpreted as land cover types to complete a land cover map. Accuracy evaluation using 2159 test sam- pies indicates an overall accuracy of 71.7% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.64. Comparisons with two global land cover products （i.e., Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover （FROM-GLC） and GlobCover 2009） also indicate that our land cover result using CBEST is superior in both land cover area estimation and visual effect for different land cover types.展开更多
Based on legacy soil data from a soil survey conducted recently in the traditional manner in Hong Kong of China, a digital soil mapping method was applied to produce soil order information for mountain areas of Hong K...Based on legacy soil data from a soil survey conducted recently in the traditional manner in Hong Kong of China, a digital soil mapping method was applied to produce soil order information for mountain areas of Hong Kong. Two modeling methods （decision tree analysis and linear discriminant analysis） were used, and their applications were compared. Much more effort was put on selecting soil covariates for modeling. First, analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test the variance of terrain attributes between soil orders. Then, a stepwise procedure was used to select soil covariates for linear discriminant analysis, and a backward removing procedure was developed to select soil covariates for tree modeling. At the same time, ANOVA results, as well as our knowledge and experience on soil mapping, were also taken into account for selecting soil covariates for tree modeling. Two linear discriminant models and four tree models were established finally, and their prediction performances were validated using a multiple jackknifing approach. Results showed that the discriminant model built on ANOVA results performed best, followed by the discriminant model built by stepwise, the tree model built by the backward removing procedure, the tree model built according to knowledge and experience on soil mapping, and the tree model built automatically. The results highlighted the importance of selecting soil covariates in modeling for soil mapping, and suggested the usefulness of methods used in this study for selecting soil covariates. The best discriminant model was finally selected to map soil orders for this area, and validation results showed that thus produced soil order map had a high accuracy.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2006AA120105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001314)+1 种基金Youth Science Funds of State Key Laboratory of Resources and En-vironmental Information System(No.KA11040101)Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Science&Technology Pillar Pro-gram(No.2012BAI32B07)
文摘China still use sketch maps as control devices that guarantees consistency and accuracy of population counting in previous census.Although the rapid advancement of geospatial technologies provides many possible solutions of digital census mapping,existing researches do not answer which solution is suitable to China.Subject to many constraints originated from characteristics of China,a practical solution of census mapping based on remote sensing imagery and auxiliary geographic information was proposed and proved to be feasible through evaluation analysis and a three-stage pilot study.Imagery with 2.5 meters and higher resolution,innovative workflow of census areas delineation,easy-to-use census mapping software packages and training organization all together provide the all-around supports for the 2010 rounded census (the 6th census) mapping activities.A digital census geographic framework detailed at the level of enumeration area was established in the 2010 rounded census which fills in the gaps in the field of modern geospatial census in China.The spatially referenced digital census database,especially the detailed census units,is of great value in successive census,sampling survey and many other census-related fields.Future work including quality evaluation of census areas,census mapping solution in the Tibet Autonomous Region are also discussed.
文摘The two-dimensional series patterns have been greatly applied to the changes of clothing details and edges, and the clothes with series edges is able to fully embody the clothing structure, highlight clothing modeling features, and modify the beauty of bodily form, so that clothes looks simple, decent, and cool, and its structure is clear to all; a form of rotation is formed on the human body, making the beauty-appreciation perspective of the viewers greatly changed. However, there are unending changes in the modern clothes, and therefore it is particularly important to explore a new design way of thinking in the field of design. The two-dimensional series patterns are reflected in the clothing details by relying on different composition forms, and can show the essence of traditional Chinese culture and promote design to win in details.
基金partially supported by the National High-tech R&D Program of China(Grant No.2009AA12200101)a research grant from Tsinghua University(Grant No.2012Z02287)
文摘Remote sensing based land cover mapping at large scale is time consuming when using either supervised or unsupervised clas- sification approaches. This article used a fast clustering method---Clustering by Eigen Space Transformation （CBEST） to pro- duce a land cover map for China. Firstly, 508 Landsat TM scenes were collected and processed. Then, TM images were clus- tered by combining CBEST and K-means in each pre-defined ecological zone （50 in total for China）. Finally, the obtained clusters were visually interpreted as land cover types to complete a land cover map. Accuracy evaluation using 2159 test sam- pies indicates an overall accuracy of 71.7% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.64. Comparisons with two global land cover products （i.e., Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover （FROM-GLC） and GlobCover 2009） also indicate that our land cover result using CBEST is superior in both land cover area estimation and visual effect for different land cover types.
基金Supported by the Public Policy Research of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, China (No.2002-PPR-3)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-YW-409)+1 种基金the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (Nos.40625001 and 40771092)the Mini-AOE (Area of Excellence) Fund from the Hong Kong Baptist University,China (No.RC/AOE/08-09/01)
文摘Based on legacy soil data from a soil survey conducted recently in the traditional manner in Hong Kong of China, a digital soil mapping method was applied to produce soil order information for mountain areas of Hong Kong. Two modeling methods （decision tree analysis and linear discriminant analysis） were used, and their applications were compared. Much more effort was put on selecting soil covariates for modeling. First, analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test the variance of terrain attributes between soil orders. Then, a stepwise procedure was used to select soil covariates for linear discriminant analysis, and a backward removing procedure was developed to select soil covariates for tree modeling. At the same time, ANOVA results, as well as our knowledge and experience on soil mapping, were also taken into account for selecting soil covariates for tree modeling. Two linear discriminant models and four tree models were established finally, and their prediction performances were validated using a multiple jackknifing approach. Results showed that the discriminant model built on ANOVA results performed best, followed by the discriminant model built by stepwise, the tree model built by the backward removing procedure, the tree model built according to knowledge and experience on soil mapping, and the tree model built automatically. The results highlighted the importance of selecting soil covariates in modeling for soil mapping, and suggested the usefulness of methods used in this study for selecting soil covariates. The best discriminant model was finally selected to map soil orders for this area, and validation results showed that thus produced soil order map had a high accuracy.
