孔子作《易传》述论

对孔子著《易传》 ,宋欧阳修以后提出疑义。自长沙马王堆帛易出土后 ,孔子著《易传》又得到肯定。应对《易传》文本的著作、编篡的情况作出全面的分析 ,从而认定其著作权。关键的问题是是否承认《易传》有独立的思想体系。《易传》的著作权应归孔子 ,《易传》源于山东 ,有邹鲁文化背景。

试论《易传》的人文精神及在当代的现实价值

《易传》透露了无比深刻的世界观、人生观、价值观、道德观、政治观以及社会管理方面的学术思想 ,它集中体现了华夏先民们的伦理追求和人文意识 ,其中特别是“自强不息”的进取精神 ,“厚德载物”的包容精神 ,“崇德广业”的重德精神 ,“居安思危”的忧患精神 ,“穷则变”的通变精神 ,“中正有庆”的尚中精神等 ,都光彩四射 。

《文心雕龙》论《易传》的文学性

《文心雕龙》对《易传》的文学价值进行了多方面论述。刘勰认为文学的本原是道,文学的作用是明道,他提出的"道沿圣以垂文,圣因文以明道"这一重要命题,正是总结《易传》对《易经》的阐释所做出的概括。他认为《易传》释经不是简单的转述与琐碎的注解,而是精心创造并广泛使用了"丽辞",既多用对偶,又注重协韵,是文章的典范。他认为,《易传》在文章体裁发展中具有重要的意义,论、说、辞、序几种文体的产生,都与《易传》有着直接关系。他还论证了《易》象的意义,评价了《易传》的语言,分析了《易》的事象,既揭示了《易传》的文学贡献,也体现了作者的文学观念。

论马王堆《帛书易传》的理论方法

长沙马王堆汉墓《帛书易传》产生于战国中期以后,是战国后期楚地儒家学者研究《周易》的学术著作。其中提出"观其德义"的主张,表现出鲜明的经典化倾向。这种倾向就是将《周易》的义理和社会政治、历史文化结合在一起,在阐释《周易》的过程中,将自己的理论思想附会于《周易》卦爻辞的含义中,将其作为理论来源和载体,作为社会伦理道德的理论依据。这种倾向体现了儒家思想重视人道德心性的思想观念和积极用世的人生态度,是先秦时期道德心性观念的主要内涵。

-449 C>G polymorphism of NFKB1 gene,coding nuclear factor-kappa-B,is associated with the susceptibility to ulcerative colitis

AIM:To clarify the association between a polymorphism-449 C>G(rs72696119) in 5'-UTR of NFKB1 with ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:The studied population comprised 639 subjects,including patients with UC(UC cases,n = 174) and subjects without UC(controls,n = 465).We employed polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism to detect the gene polymorphism.RESULTS:The rs72696119 G allele frequencies in controls and UC cases were 33.4% and 38.5%,respectively(P = 0.10).Genotype frequency of the GG homozygote in UC cases was significantly higher than that in controls(P = 0.017),and the GG homozygote was significantly associated with susceptibility to UC [odds ratio(OR),1.88;95%CI,1.13-3.14].In male subjects,the GG homozygote was associated with an increased risk for UC(OR,3.10;95%CI,1.47-6.54;P = 0.0053),whereas this association was not found in female subjects.In addition,the GG homozygote was significantly associated with the risk of non-continuous disease(OR,2.06;95%CI,1.12-3.79;P = 0.029),not having total colitis(OR,2.40;95%CI,1.09-3.80,P = 0.040),disease which developed before 20 years of age(OR,2.80;95%CI,1.07-7.32,P = 0.041),no hospitalization(OR,2.28;95%CI,1.29-4.05;P = 0.0090) and with a maximum of 8 or less on the UCDAI score(OR,2.45;95%CI,1.23-4.93;P = 0.022).CONCLUSION:Our results provide evidence that NFKB1 polymorphism rs72696119 was significantly associated with the development of UC.This polymorphism influences the susceptibility to and pathophysiological features of UC.

马王堆帛书《易传·缪和》考释四则

马王堆帛书《易传·缪和》第一章中的“夫《易》,眀君之守也”,“守”应释为“道”,这是《缪和》首章对《周易》性质的界定。第一章中的“恐言而贸易,失人之道”,应当释读为“恐言而贸,易失人之道”;从帛书图版的字形特点来看,“失”被误写为“夫”;“人之道”则是指“做到诚”的意思。第三章中的“书、春秋、诗、语”一句,对于“语”的解释存在分歧,通过考察先秦两汉文献中儒家经典并列出现的情况,确定“语”并非书名,而是指语言内容。第四章中的“粉白黑涅”,“黑”应释为“黱”,“涅”义同“黑”;“粉”是傅面之义,“黱”是画眉之义。“粉白黱黑”的意思是以粉敷面助其白,以黱画眉增其黑。

试论《老子》道家学说的易学情结

《老子》产生之时代乃春秋末期 ,而春秋末期则为卜筮之事盛行之时代。从《老子》书看 ,其有诸多文句和思想与春秋筮辞有关。是《老子》早于《易传》将《易》由卜筮向义理方向的发展推进了一步 ,后世《易传》中保存和吸收了诸多《老子》道家的思想和观点。以此言 ,《老子》是《周易》古经到《易传》十翼的过渡环节 ,其在中国古代易学发展史上占有十分重要的地位。

《周易大传》语气词的语用功能考察

本文从篇章语法的角度分析《周易大传》语气词的功能 ,认为语气词“也”、“者”、“矣”、“焉”等是一个语用成分 ,句中的“者也”、“者”、“也”是主位标记 ,句末的“也”、“者也”、“焉”、“矣”是焦点标记 ;前者通常表达旧信息 ,后者表达新信息 。

浅论《易·系辞传》的文艺思想

本文主要从《系辞》言辞所具的特殊作用 ,以及所提出的“书”、“言”、“意”、“象”并界定了“文”的概念等三个方面进行了论述 ,并指出了其对后代文学理论的形成和发展所具的深刻影响 。

Analysis of Hereditary Stability and Disease Susceptivity of sFat-1 Transgenic Pigs

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the hereditary stability of sFat-1 transgenic pigs and the differences in disease susceptivity between sFat-1 transgenic pigs and non-transgenic pigs. [Method] The integration of sFat-1 gene in pigs was detected by PCR; the infection of transgenic pig to pseudorabies, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, brucellosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rotavirus and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was detected by using ELISA and PCR. [Result] The positive ratio of F3 generation sFat-1 transgenic pigs was 18.5%; the susceptivity of positive sFat- 1 transgenic and negative pigs to seven infectious diseases showed no significant difference. [Conclusion] Exogenous gene in sFat-1 transgenic pigs can not be stably inherited. The overall physical condition of positive transgenic and negative pigs was similar.

《周易大传》判断句考察

《周易大传》中的判断句均为无判断词句,但它的判断谓语不一定是名词。其中的“是”字句,颇有特色, 它既有指代性,又有判断性。“为”字句之“为”,它和动宾结构中的动词在形式上有别,在意义上也不同。

POLYMORPHISM OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME GENE AND GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ASTHMA WITH FAMILIAL AGGREGATION

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in the metabolism of angiotensin Ⅱ (AT Ⅱ) and inactivation of bradykinins and tachykinins, which are potent bronchialconstrictors and mediators of inflammation asthma, and ACE is heavily expressed in the lungs. An insertion deletion (D/I) polymorphism of ACE gene has been shown to be associated with levels of ACE. We investigate whether the polymorphism of ACE gene is associated with asthma and bronchial responsiveness. Methods. A case control study was carried out in 50 asthmatics, 7 families with at least 2 asthmatic individuals, and 50 healthy subjects. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methacholine brocho provocation and pulmonary function tests were performed in all asthmatics. Results. There was an higher gene frequency of DD genotype of ACE gene in asthmatic subjects and families individuals compared with healthy subjects (46%, 53% vs 16%, P<0 05; odd ratio 4 98). Anhigher prevalence of DD genotype of ACE was in patients with bronchial hyperresposiveness (BHR) (67%vs 33%, P<0 05; odd ratio 3 8). Accordingly, the mean values of FEV 1% and FEV 1/FVC were higher in asthmatics carrying non DD alleles than patients with DD genotype (73 78% vs 56 56%, P<0 05; 79 19% vs 69 29%, P<0 05, respectively). Conclusion. These results suggested that DD allele of ACE genotype was significantly involved in genetic susceptibility to asthma. DD genotype of ACE might be a risk factor for the degree of airway obstruction, it could also be implicated in pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Review of screening for pancreatic cancer in high risk individuals

Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose at an early stage and is associated with a very poor survival.Ten percent of pancreatic cancers result from genetic susceptibility and/or familial aggregation.Individuals from families with multiple affected first-degree relatives and those with a known cancer-causing genetic mutation have been shown to be at much higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer.Recent efforts have focused on detecting disease at an earlier stage to improve survival in these high-risk groups.This article reviews high-risk groups,screening methods,and current screening programs and their results.

Genetic polymorphism of MCP-1-2518,IL-8-251 and susceptibility to acute pancreatitis:A pilot study in population of Suzhou,China

AIM： To study the relationship between MCP-1-2518A/ G, IL-8-251A/T polymorphism and acute pancreatitis （AP） in the Han population of Suzhou, China. METHODS： A case-control study was conducted to compare the distribution of genotype and genetic frequency of MCP-1-2518A/G, IL-8-251A/T gene polymorphism among AP （n = 101）, including mild AP （n = 78） and severe AP （n = 23） and control healthy individuals （n = 120） with polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） and DNA sequencing, and analyze the relationship between the MCP-1-2518A/G, IL-8-251A/T gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to AP. RESULTS： Significant differences were found in the distribution of genotype of MCP-1-2518A/G between the healthy control group and mild AP group （χ^2 = 32.015, P 〈 0.001）, the same was evident between the healthy control group and severe AP group （χ^2 = 12.932, P 〈 0.05） in Suzhou. However, no difference of genotypic distribution was noted between MAP and SAP （Z2 = 0.006, P = 0.997）. The genetic frequencies of G allele in mild AP were 72.4% （113/156） and 76.1% （35/46） in severe AP, both were higher than the controls, 47.1% （113/240） （χ^2 = 24.804; P 〈 0.001, and 4,2 = 13：005; P 〈 0.001）, but no difference was found between severe AP and mild AP （χ^2 = 0.242, P = 0.623）. No difference was found in the distribution of genotype of IL-8-251A/T between the healthy control group and AP group neither in the frequency of A and T allele. CONCLUSION： The MCP-1-2518 AA genotype of the population in Suzhou may be a protective genotype of AP, while one with higher frequency of G allele is more likely to suffer from pancreatitis. But the genotype of AA and the frequency of G allele could not predict the risk of severe AP. No correlation is found between the IL-8-251 polymorphism and the liability of AP.

Role of autoimmunity in primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the presence of serum autoantibodies and chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis.The pathogenesis of PBC involves environmental factors,genetic predisposition and loss of immune tolerance.In recent years,it has become univocally accepted that an inappropriately activated immune response is one of the most important factors in PBC.In this study,the role of autoimmunity in PBC is summarized and a feasible research orientation is recommended.

Early Age of Onset, Multiple Primary Malignancies and Poor Prognosis Are Indicative of an Inherited Predisposition to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Familial Rather Than Sporadic Disease- An Update Based on 14- to 23-year Follow-up

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the effects of an inherited predisposition to familial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） through the comparison and analysis of the clinicopathologic differences between familial and sporadic ESCC cases. METHODS Differences in age of onset, prevalence rates of double primary ESCC, and survival rates between familial ESCC （n = 476） and sporadic ESCC cases （n = 1226） were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, familial ESCC cases showed a significantly younger age of onset （51.9±8.2 vs. 53.4 ±8.0, Pt.test = 0.00）, a significantly higher prevalence rate for double ESCC （2.73 % vs. 1.22%, adjusted with TNM：χMH2 = 4.029, P = 0.045）, and a lower survival rate than in sporadic cases （Pwald = 0.04）. The familial cases showed both a younger age of onset and poorer survival in most subgroups, and the differences were more marked in early-stage rather than in the .late-stage disease groups. CONCLUSION Theses findings confirm the existence of familial as opposed to sporadic ESCC. By the theory of the ＂two-hit＂ origin of cancer, these findings also suggest that the ＂first hit＂, a genetic predisposition, can affect the age of onset, number of primary carcinomas, and the prognosis for familial ESCC patients.

Genetic determination of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. According to the Rome m criteria, IBS is defined as recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort for at least 3 d per month during the previous 3 mo associated with two or more of the following symptoms： improvement with defecation, onset associated with a change in the frequency of stool and/or onset associated with a change in form or appearance of stool. There is growing evidence regarding the genetic contribution in IBS, however the precise etiology of IBS is still unknown. The evaluation of the genetic influence is based on twin studies, familial aggregation and genetic epidemiological investigations. Most studies showed a concordance for IBS significantly greater in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins. The majority of the studies have shown that familial aggregation may represent exposures to a similar environment, as well as the influence of genetic factors. Whereas no specific gene has been identified in association with IBS, recent studies have noticed the importance of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin reuptake transporter gene, G-protein beta 3 subunit gene （C825T）, cholecystokinin receptor （CCKAR gene 779T〉C）, and high-producer tumor necrosis factor genotype. Further studies are necessary to determine how genetic factors influence the clinical manifestations and therapeutical response in IBS patients.

王夫之的《周易》研究(续)

王夫之诠释《周易》,遵重传统训话、训释,而不拘泥于传统,呈现王夫之研究《易经》的卓识与其不同于《易》学诸家的解读异彩。本文略举数例,期望人们对王夫之在《易》学方面的研究有所了解。

A sensor transaction scheduling algorithm for maintaining real-time data temporal validity

A new scheduling algorithm called deferrable scheduling with time slice exchange (DS-EXC) was proposed to maintain the temporal validity of real-time data. In DS-EXC, the time slice exchange method was designed to further defer the release time of transaction instances derived by the deferrable scheduling algorithm (DS-FP). In this way, more CPU time would be left for lower priority transactions and other transactions. In order to minimize the scheduling overhead, an off-line scheme was designed. In particular, the schedule for a transaction set is generated off-line until a repeating pattern is found, and then the pattern is used to construct the schedule on-line. The performance of DS-EXC was evaluated by sets of experiments. The results show that DS-EXC outperforms DS-FP in terms of increasing schedulable ratio. It also provides better performance under mixed workloads.

He/icobacter py/ori infection in hemodialysis patients: Susceptibility to amoxicillin and clarithromycin

AIM: To evaluate susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to amoxicillin and clarithromycin in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and non-uremic controls. METHODS: The subjects with dyspeptic complaints were 33 ESRD patients and 46 age- and sex-matched non-uremic controls who exhibited H pylori on antral biopsy specimens. The two groups were age and sex matched. The H pylori strains' pattern of susceptibility to amoxicillin and clarithromycin was investigated with the agar dilution technique. RESULTS: None of the H pylori strains from either group showed resistance to amoxicillin with the agar dilution method. Twelve (36.4%) of the ESRD group strains and 7 (15.2%) of the control group strains showed resistance to clarithromycin, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Resistance to amoxicillin does not appear to be an important problem in H py/ori-infected ESRD and non-uremic patients in our region. In contrast, the rates of resistance to clarithromycin are high, particularly in the ESRD population.