扬雄《法言》中的道家思想

《法言》中道家思想的形成与扬雄当时所生活的社会环境以及他的师学渊源密不可分。归纳起来 ,这些思想主要体现在两方面 :尚玄崇道和因循革化。这些道家思想的存在并不和扬雄推崇儒家学说的主旨相矛盾 ,而恰恰正是为儒家思想服务的。

扬雄尊孟思想浅论

扬雄尊崇孟子。他以孟子为法,力辟异端,维护儒学传统。在思想内涵上,扬雄重仁厚义,追孟继孔,并精体实践,切实履行,将孟子学说发扬光大。扬雄认为孟子与孔子不异,将孟子列入道传序列。其尊孟思想在后世引起了广泛影响。

STUDY ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FORECASTING METHOD OF WATER CONSUMPTION PER HOUR

An artificial neural network (ANN) short term forecasting model of consumption per hour was built based on seasonality,trend and randomness of a city period of time water consumption series.Different hidden layer nodes,same inputs and forecasting data were selected to train and forecast and then the relative errors were compared so as to confirm the NN structure.A model was set up and used to forecast concretely by Matlab.It is tested by examples and compared with the result of time series trigonometric function analytical method.The result indicates that the prediction errors of NN are small and the velocity of forecasting is fast.It can completely meet the actual needs of the control and run of the water supply system.

Context-attributed graph grammar framework for specifying visual languages

Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.

Method based on fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems

In this paper, we present a fuzzy linguistic scale, which is characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers on [1/9, 9], for the comparison between two alternatives, and introduce a possibility degree formula for comparing triangular fuzzy numbers. We utilize the fuzzy linguistic scale to construct a linguistic preference matrix, and propose a fuzzy induced ordered weighted geometric averaging (FIOWGA) operator to aggregate linguistic preference information. A method based on the fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed method and to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.

ASIC Design of DA-Based 2-D Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform

Aim To present an ASIC design of DA based 2 D IDCT. Methods\ In the design of 1 D IDCT is utilized a Chen based fast IDCT algorithm, and multiplier accumulators based on distributed algorithm contributes in reducing the hardware amount and in enhancing the speed performance. Results and Conclusion\ VHDL simulation, synthesis and layout design of system are implemented. This 2 D IDCT ASIC design owns best timing performance when compared with other better designs internationally. Results of design prove to be excellent.

Optimizing neural networks by genetic algorithms for predicting particulate matter concentration in summer in Beijing

We developed and tested an improved neural network to predict the average concentration of PM10(particulate matter with diameter smaller than 10 ?m) several hours in advance in summer in Beijing.A genetic algorithm optimization procedure for optimizing initial weights and thresholds of the neural network was also evaluated.This research was based upon the PM10 data from seven monitoring sites in Beijing urban region and meteorological observation data,which were recorded every 3 h during summer of 2002.Two neural network models were developed.Model I was built for predicting PM10 concentrations 3 h in advance while Model II for one day in advance.The predictions of both models were found to be consistent with observations.Percent errors in forecasting the numerical value were about 20.This brings us to the conclusion that short-term fluctuations of PM10 concentrations in Beijing urban region in summer are to a large extent driven by meteorological conditions.Moreover,the predicted results of Model II were compared with the ones provided by the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) modeling system.The mean relative errors of both models were 0.21 and 0.26,respectively.The performance of the neural network model was similar to numerical models,when applied to short-time prediction of PM10 concentration.

A functional approach to improving non-English majors＇ writing proficiency

Problems in generating and organizing ideas, in coherence and language competence are common in non-English majors＇ writings. To improve their writing proficiency, the writing course should have real-life purposes, balance between real and display writing, between product and process approaches, vary writing activities, train strategies in improving coherence, balance the content of feedback and use various forms of feedback.

Transformative Learning in Language Arts as a Method of Guidance and Counseling

Our voluntary project ran in different groups of adults （healthy, depressed, schizophrenic, and clients with anxiety disorders）. The study is based on analysis of personal counseling experience, where literature was used as a tool to disclose client＇s personal meanings. During our sessions, clients were observed phenomenologically, and their speach was written down. Reflecting on the qualitative data of transformative learning in language arts, we developed techniques for facilitation and disclosure of personal meanings. Grounded theory was used for data generalization： Personal educational insights and its comparison with other researchers＇ theoretical insights were the basis to develop the methodical system for psychological guidance and counseling and to explain it. We revealed that focus on personally important meanings during discussion after literature reading has influence on the mental state of personality and deepens the interactions with the literature art, so we suggest a spiral model to explain the methodical system of our method. Transformative learning in language arts as a method of guidance and counseling can be understood as spiritual motion by spirale. It has three levels： （1） art level （interaction with the literature）; （2） psychology level （counseling）; and （3） art level （interaction with the same peace of literature as in the beginning of the session, poetic summary of the session）. Levels （1） and （3） mean interaction with literature art, but at the third level, this interaction has new quality, because personality has better perception of Self and more ability to connect personal meanings and literature wisdom. At the first level, we have direction from literature to Personality. At the third level, we have direction from the Self （Speaking from Within） to literature. Disclosure of personally important meanings is a key to self-understanding and poetical thinking; our developed methodical system reduces emotional tension and strengthens interconnectedness between inner and outer world and improves poetical understanding. In this paper, the methodical system of transformative learning and guidance is discussed.

SVM with discriminative dynamic time alignment

In the past several years, support vector machines （SVM） have achieved a huge success in many fields, especially in pattern recognition. But the standard SVM cannot deal with length-variable vectors, which is one severe obstacle for its applications to some important areas, such as speech recognition and part-of-speech tagging. The paper proposed a novel SVM with discriminative dynamic time alignment （ DDTA - SVM） to solve this problem. When training DDTA - SVM classifier, according to the category information of the training sampies, different time alignment strategies were adopted to manipulate them in the kernel functions, which contributed to great improvement for training speed and generalization capability of the classifier. Since the alignment operator was embedded in kernel functions, the training algorithms of standard SVM were still compatible in DDTA- SVM. In order to increase the reliability of the classification, a new classification algorithm was suggested. The preliminary experimental results on Chinese confusable syllables speech classification task show that DDTA- SVM obtains faster convergence speed and better classification performance than dynamic time alignment kernel SVM （ DTAK - SVM）. Moreover, DDTA - SVM also gives higher classification precision compared to the conventional HMM. This proves that the proposed method is effective, especially for confusable length - variable pattern classification tasks

SUBDIVIDING VERBS TO IMPROVE SYNTACTIC PARSING

This paper proposes a new way to improve the performance of dependency parser: subdividing verbs according to their grammatical functions and integrating the information of verb subclasses into lexicalized parsing model. Firstly,the scheme of verb subdivision is described. Secondly,a maximum entropy model is presented to distinguish verb subclasses. Finally,a statistical parser is developed to evaluate the verb subdivision. Experimental results indicate that the use of verb subclasses has a good influence on parsing performance.

On Variables Affecting L1 Transfer in L2 Acquisition

This paper focuses on variables affecting L1 transfer in L2 acquisition, which, according to the author, are categorized into three groups： learner-related variables, language-based variables and socio-linguistic variables, and each of them is clarified in more details.

The study of English perfective aspect

Through this research, on the basis of English-Chinese and Chinese-English parallel corpora, the following conclusion tries to be drawn： In English, the perfect may not be used together with the specific time of the past situation. In contrast to English, Chinese does not have perfect constructions. English perfective aspect is an actual aspect indication： duration and completion of an action or situation. According to different reference time, the actual aspect can be divided into past actuality, present actuality and future actuality. This paper will undoubtedly contribute to the study of tense-aspect in Chinese. The study of English perfective aspect is conducive to the comparative study and translation of aspect in English and Chinese.

＂I＇m here to discuss my final grade!＂ A study of the speech act of complaint by Malaysian ESL learners

The present study investigates the preferred strategies of the speech act of complaint by Malaysian ESL learners. The subjects were selected from Malaysian university students majoring in English at University Sains Malaysia. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire in the form of a discourse completion task and a semi-structured interview. The responses were analyzed based on Rinnert and Nogami＇s （2006） taxonomy of the speech act of complaint to examine the main components of complaint, the level of directness and the degree of mitigation. It is anticipated that the findings will be able to provide valuable insights into teaching and learning English in non-native settings.

Study of relations between translation and language in China at present

Since translation is a kind of cross-cultural communication via language as a medium, this article mainly introduces the relationship between translation and language from different perspectives.

Presenting Knowledge System of International Trade Terms in Business English Learners＇ Dictionaries

Dictionaries should present business encyclopedic knowledge as well as business linguistic knowledge. This paper, taking Incoterms for international trade as an example （with ＂CIF＂ as the case for analysis）, introduces 7 types of dictionary structures （overall structure, frame stzucture/megastrncture, macrostructure, microstzucture, distribution structure, cross-reference stzucture/mediostrncture and access structure）, summarizes the knowledge system of international trade terms （consisting of ＂international trade＂, ＂sets of rules of international trade terms＂, ＂Incoterms 2010＂, and ＂CIF＂）, and illustrates the methods of systematically presenting the knowledge system of international trade terms through dictionary structures in an English-English-Chinese bilingualized business English learners＇ dictionary with Oxford Business English Dictionary for Learners of English （New Edition） as a reference. Such presentation is intended for enhancing business English learners as dictionary users to grasp the knowledge of international trade terms as a whole.

Analysis of top-students＇ halt of acquisition in oral English：From Krashen＇s input hypothesis perspective

Applied to real-life teaching, Krashen＇s theory helps us to find the causes of top students＇ halt of acquisition in oral English class--that is, insufficient and inappropriate input in listening, speaking and reading.

Metaphors Enhance Creativity in Writing

Metaphor, a rhetoric device which involves both stylistics as well as cognition, is really a hot theme in recent years of academic research. Thus this paper thinks that metaphor may help the language learners to write creatively by a brief introduction and some personal experiences in language teachi ng.

A Study on the Effect of Creative Chinese Characters Learning on the Ability to Learn Chinese Old Sayings and Idioms Using K-Pop Music Video

Music is an extraordinary bridge between people all over the world so much as to be called a universal language. Idols and B-boys stages are fun, touching, and fantastic. Today, South Korean students are excited and enthusiastic about their colorful dance moves. The study is about creative educational methods that use K-pop music videos to learn the proverbs and old words that our ancestors learned to keep in mind and teach. K-pop lyrics are a rich reflection of the experiences of life and the world in which people are living today. Accordingly, this study can present new teaching and learning method examples that are used in class related to the old language associated with K-pop lyrics and can also introduce interesting class materials.

Aspects of Urhobo Grammar Taught Through Poetry： The Verb ＂Edia＂ to Be

Unquestionably, anyone born to Urhobo parents, being biologically Urhobo, should speak the Urhobo language. But does everybody born by an Urhobo parent speak Urhobo？ From our observation, the answer to this question is clearly ＂no＂. Many of the Urhobo people in the Diaspora as well as those at home have chosen to shift from their own language to other languages. Hence Urhobo language has gradually acquired the status of a second language. Therefore, its teaching would also veer away from language teaching methods that are used for first languages. Based on Noam Chomsky＇s theory of Generative Grammar, aspects of the Urhobo grammar will be treated as we present specifically the verb ＂edia＂/＂to be＂. As it is, it is being presented as a second language bearing in mind the great population of Urhobo people in the Diaspora as well as Mowarin＇s ＂miguo generation＂ of Urhobo children back home in Urhobo land. This being so, the methods applied in this study are the Grammar Translation Method Approach as well as the Direct Method Approach. To facilitate its learning especially for the new generation of Urhobo persons, the poetic approach would also be applied.