Since the intrinsic properties of materials are determined by the properties and arrangement of atoms,including crystal structure and defects,there is a strong analogy between material genes and biological genes.There...Since the intrinsic properties of materials are determined by the properties and arrangement of atoms,including crystal structure and defects,there is a strong analogy between material genes and biological genes.Therefore,improving the performance of materials by optimizing their genes is a new idea of material upgrading.The<001>orientation texture is closely related to the magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials.We designed and experimentally demonstrated a gene optimization in an important soft magnetic material by electric current.The reduction of grain boundary hopping energy barrier caused by the distribution of electromagnetic field promoted<001>orientation grain nucleation and growth,which directly improved the initial<001>orientation grain gene,and the inheritance of<001>orientation texture was used to control the formation of recrystallization texture.Therefore,it is possible to utilize the gene optimization technique in many materials upgrading such as metal materials and biological materials according to the differences in electromagnetic properties of microstructures.展开更多
Herein,a high strain of ~0.3% with a small hysteresis of 43% is achieved at a low electric field of 4 kV/mm in the highly <001>-textured 0.97(0.76Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-0.24SrTiO_(3))-0.03NaNbO_(3)(BNT-ST-0.03N...Herein,a high strain of ~0.3% with a small hysteresis of 43% is achieved at a low electric field of 4 kV/mm in the highly <001>-textured 0.97(0.76Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-0.24SrTiO_(3))-0.03NaNbO_(3)(BNT-ST-0.03NN)ceramics with an ergodic relaxor(ER)state,leading to a large normalized strain(d_(33)^(*))of 720 pm/V.The introduction of NN templates into BNT-ST induces the grain orientation growth and enhances the ergodicity.The highly <001>-textured BNT-ST-0.03NN ceramics display a pure ergodic relaxor state with coexisted ferroelectric R3c and antiferroelectric P4bm polar nanoregions(PNRs)on nanoscale.Moreover,due to the incomplete interdiffusion between the NN template and BNT-ST matrix,the textured ceramics present a core-shell structure with the antiferroelectric NN core,and thus the BNT-based matrix owns more R3c PNRs relative to the homogeneous nontextured samples.The high <001> crystallographic texture and more R3c PNRs both facilitate the relaxor-to-ferroelectric transition,leading to the low-field-driven high strain,while the ergodic relaxor state ensures a small hysteresis.Furthermore,the d_(33)^(*)value remains high up to 518 pm/V at 100℃ with an ultra-low hysteresis of 6%.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874023,51601011and U1860206)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Recruitment Program of Global Experts.
文摘Since the intrinsic properties of materials are determined by the properties and arrangement of atoms,including crystal structure and defects,there is a strong analogy between material genes and biological genes.Therefore,improving the performance of materials by optimizing their genes is a new idea of material upgrading.The<001>orientation texture is closely related to the magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials.We designed and experimentally demonstrated a gene optimization in an important soft magnetic material by electric current.The reduction of grain boundary hopping energy barrier caused by the distribution of electromagnetic field promoted<001>orientation grain nucleation and growth,which directly improved the initial<001>orientation grain gene,and the inheritance of<001>orientation texture was used to control the formation of recrystallization texture.Therefore,it is possible to utilize the gene optimization technique in many materials upgrading such as metal materials and biological materials according to the differences in electromagnetic properties of microstructures.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0711700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U19A2087)+1 种基金the Special Funding Support for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2020GK2062)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX2021377).
文摘Herein,a high strain of ~0.3% with a small hysteresis of 43% is achieved at a low electric field of 4 kV/mm in the highly <001>-textured 0.97(0.76Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-0.24SrTiO_(3))-0.03NaNbO_(3)(BNT-ST-0.03NN)ceramics with an ergodic relaxor(ER)state,leading to a large normalized strain(d_(33)^(*))of 720 pm/V.The introduction of NN templates into BNT-ST induces the grain orientation growth and enhances the ergodicity.The highly <001>-textured BNT-ST-0.03NN ceramics display a pure ergodic relaxor state with coexisted ferroelectric R3c and antiferroelectric P4bm polar nanoregions(PNRs)on nanoscale.Moreover,due to the incomplete interdiffusion between the NN template and BNT-ST matrix,the textured ceramics present a core-shell structure with the antiferroelectric NN core,and thus the BNT-based matrix owns more R3c PNRs relative to the homogeneous nontextured samples.The high <001> crystallographic texture and more R3c PNRs both facilitate the relaxor-to-ferroelectric transition,leading to the low-field-driven high strain,while the ergodic relaxor state ensures a small hysteresis.Furthermore,the d_(33)^(*)value remains high up to 518 pm/V at 100℃ with an ultra-low hysteresis of 6%.
