Method Development and Validation of the Simultaneous Analysis of Methylisothiazolinone, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Benzisothiazolinone and Bronopol in Washing-Up Liquid

A method of analysis for the simultaneous determination of methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and Bronopol (BNP) in washing-up liquid was established. The method consisted of a gradient HPLC analysis at three different wavelengths. The four compounds could be analyzed with good precision and accuracy.

Full Dynamic Model for Liquid Sloshing Simulation in Cylindrical Tank Shape

This study presents a comprehensive full dynamic model designed for simulating liquid sloshing behavior within cylindrical tank structures. The model employs a discretization approach, representing the liquid as a network of interconnected spring-damper-mass systems. Key aspects include the adaptation of liquid discretization techniques to cylindrical lateral cross-sections and the calculation of stiffness and damping coefficients. External forces, simulating various vehicle maneuvers, are also integrated into the model. The resulting system of equations is solved using Maple Software with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. This model enables accurate prediction of liquid displacement and pressure forces, offering valuable insights for tank design and fluid dynamics applications. Ongoing refinement aims to broaden its applicability across different liquid types and tank geometries.

Investigation of Liquid Cooling Plate for Server CPUs Based on Topology Optimization

In this study, a microchannel liquid cooling plate (LCP) is proposed for Intel Xeon 52.5 mm * 45 mm packaged architecture processors based on topology optimization (TO). Firstly, a mathematical model for topology optimization design of the LCP is established based on heat dissipation and pressure drop objectives. We obtain a series of two-dimensional (2D) topology optimization configurations with different weighting factors for two objectives. It is found that the biomimetic phenomenon of the topologically optimized flow channel structure is more pronounced at low Reynolds numbers. Secondly, the topology configuration is stretched into a three-dimensional (3D) model to perform CFD simulations under actual operating conditions. The results show that the thermal resistance and pressure drop of the LCP based on topology optimization achieve a reduction of approximately 20% - 50% compared to traditional serpentine and microchannel straight flow channel structures. The Nusselt number can be improved by up to 76.1% compared to microchannel straight designs. Moreover, it is observed that under high flow rates, straight microchannel LCPs exhibit significant backflow, vortex phenomena, and topology optimization structures LCPs also tend to lead to loss of effectiveness in the form of tree root-shaped branch flows. Suitable flow rate ranges for LCPs are provided. Furthermore, the temperature and pressure drop of experimental results are consistent with the numerical ones, which verifies the effectiveness of performance for topology optimization flow channel LCP.

液相剥离法高效制备石墨烯的研究进展

石墨烯是一种具有优良物理化学性质的二维纳米材料,广泛应用于电池、催化、传感器、印刷、生物医药等领域。然而,石墨烯及其衍生产品的应用与发展面临着巨大挑战——低成本、高品质、规模化生产。本文综述了液相剥离法高效制备石墨烯的研究进展,重点探讨了电化学插层法、溶剂插层法、高温膨胀法和微波膨胀法等液相剥离的前处理方法原理以及对石墨烯剥离效果的影响;分析了水基溶剂、有机溶剂和混合溶剂等剥离溶剂的优缺点与选取原则;对比了超声、高剪切和微通道等过程强化设备的剥离原理和优缺点;简述了离心分离的后处理方法以及分离效果;最后对液相剥离法宏量制备石墨烯的发展趋势进行了展望:通过结合人工智能等方法进行多目标优化,开发无残留的功能化插层剂并匹配温和快速的膨胀方法,寻找低毒、低沸点、高分散的溶剂体系,精确调控液相剥离设备作用机理,设计连续化梯级离心设备,实现液相剥离制备石墨烯的连续化、规模化、低成本快速制备。

阿莫西林胶囊在中国健康人体内的生物等效性研究

目的:研究阿莫西林胶囊在中国健康人体内的生物等效性。方法:以单中心、开放式、随机、双制剂、两周期、两序列交叉试验设计,共48例受试者(空腹试验和餐后试验各24例),口服0.25 g阿莫西林胶囊受试制剂或参比制剂。高效液相色谱—串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法测定给药后不同时间阿莫西林的血药浓度,并计算主要药代动力学参数,判定两制剂是否等效。结果:空腹试验显示,受试制剂和参比制剂阿莫西林的药物峰浓度(C_(max))分别为(5483.296±1321.102)ng/mL、(5611.291±1659.407)ng/mL,从时间0到t之间血药浓度—时间曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))分别为(13255.3±1715.7)h·ng/mL、(13115.5±2091.7)h·ng/mL,从0时到无限时间(∞)的血药浓度—时间曲线下面积(AUC_(0-∞))分别为(13329.4±1718.8)h·ng/mL、(13192.7±2107.1)h·ng/mL,达峰时间(T_(max))均为1.38 h。餐后试验显示,受试制剂和参比制剂阿莫西林的C_(max)分别为(4218.072±780.598)ng/mL、(4156.713±877.752)ng/mL,AUC_(0-t)分别为(13073.9±1584.3)h·ng/mL、(12817.8±1575.5)h·ng/mL,AUC_(0-∞)分别为(13166.8±1606.0)h·ng/mL、(12914.8±1587.2)h·ng/mL,T_(max)均为3.00 h。两种试验制剂C_(max)、AUC_(0-t)、AUC_(0-∞)几何均值比值的90%置信区间(CI)均在可接受的生物等效性范围内(80%~125%)。结论:两种阿莫西林胶囊在中国健康志愿者体内吸收速度和吸收程度生物等效。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐。样品以少量水稀释分散后,加入乙腈提取,经PRIME HLB小柱净化,用Waters Torus DEA色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以同位素内标法定量。在各自的线性范围内,氯酸盐、高氯酸盐的质量浓度与氯酸盐、高氯酸盐和相应同位素内标物的色谱峰面积比线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。氯酸盐的检出限为3.0μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,高氯酸盐的检出限为1.5μg/kg,定量限为4.5μg/kg,平均回收率为88.9%~97.1%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~7.4%(n=6)。该方法简便、快速,适用于蔬菜中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的同时快速检测。

Dairy Farming Conditions and Utilization Levels of Liquid Brewers’ Yeast in Kenya

Dairy production plays an integral part in supporting smallholder farmers’ livelihoods. The desire to increase the number of dairy cattle is not feasible due to the reduced output of feed resources occasioned by climate change. Consequently, the need to increase productivity per cow is inevitable. Conventional protein supplements are costly;hence, the need to explore affordable nutrientdense alternative feed resources. Liquid brewers’ yeast (LBY), a by-product of the brewing industry, is a rich protein supplement in dairy production. This study aimed to assess the dairy farming conditions and utilization levels of LBY as a feed supplement in Githunguri Sub-county, Kiambu. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 457 dairy farmers in a cross-sectional survey. The findings revealed that most farmers (94.2%) fed their cattle on established forage/fodder and crop residues with supplementation. Even though 53.1% of the respondents were aware of the use of LBY, only 30.6% utilized it to supplement dairy cows, most of whom (96.0%) used it fresh without preservation. Membership in farmers’ organizations increased awareness of LBY (r = 0.732). Principal component analysis indicated that the benefits of using LBY outweigh the challenges involved with a loading matrix of 0.891 - 0.954 and 0.681 - 0.807, respectively. The low adoption and use levels of LBY as a source of protein supplements were due to low awareness. There is a need for concerted efforts by stakeholders in the industry to increase farmers’ knowledge base on the utilization and effectiveness of LBY in dairy production.

锌冶炼过程中提取镓的技术研究及其进展

针对镓从锌冶炼过程中回收占比低的问题,总结分析了锌冶炼过程中镓回收技术研究进展.在鼓风炉炼锌(ISP)工艺中,镓主要富集在鼓风炉炉渣里,其质量分数通常在0.025%~0.031%,从鼓风炉炉渣中回收镓主要有还原蒸发法、高温氯化挥发法、硫酸浸出法、碱熔–浸出法、还原熔炼–电解法和还原熔炼–熔融造渣法等方法,但这些工艺普遍流程长,回收率低,加工成本偏高,部分工艺环境污染大,难以工业化应用.传统的湿法炼锌工艺中,大于93.5%的镓富集在浸出渣中,浸出渣处理以火法还原挥发工艺为主,在回转窑挥发浸出渣工艺中90%的镓保留在窑渣中,导致镓的回收流程长且回收率低,湿法处理浸出渣存在镓和铁分离的难题,至今未得到有效解决.氧压浸出炼锌工艺中,镓主要富集在锌粉置换渣里,锌粉置换渣采用酸性浸出和萃取工艺分离富集镓,最终制备金属镓,镓的综合回收率达到71%.通过对火法和湿法炼锌中镓回收工艺进行分析,对镓回收工艺中存在的关键问题和分离技术进行了总结,提出萃取分离、乳状液膜和树脂吸附有望成为锌冶炼过程中回收镓的绿色高效短流程关键技术.

植物基乳产业的发展趋势与技术创新

植物基乳产品作为植物基食品产业的重要组成部分,其发展水平对促进植物基食品产业有着举足轻重的作用。分析了全球植物基乳产品的市场规模和我国植物乳产品的市场情况:2023年,全球规模为296亿美元,并以11.4%的速度增长;我国植物基饮品包括豆奶、椰奶、核桃乳、杏仁乳等呈稳定性增长趋势,粉体类产品市场也较稳定(达30万t)。指出植物基乳作为未来食品需要进一步完善定义,充分体现植物基乳特征和属性要求;要加大力度开发满足新消费场景和渠道的新技术、新产品,解决消费者关心的植物基乳产品口味、价格和清洁标签等关键问题,加快植物基酸奶、冷饮等技术的成熟和落地,并通过开发满足不同消费场景、特殊营养、健康需求的产品,为植物基乳产品价值和市场竞争力赋能,创立多元化的植物基乳产业发展新模式。

A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Index Components in Danhong Injection

The purpose of this study was to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 4-coumaric acid in Danhong injection. The chromatographic method employed was as follows: the column was a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 10 μm), the mobile phase was a gradient elution of 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B), the detection wavelengths were 280 nm for sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, and salvianolic acid B and 326 nm for 4-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid, the sample volume was 10 μL, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was 35°C. This method can realize the separation and determination of sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 4-coumaric acid within 50 minutes. The linear relationships of the five peak areas and their concentrations are good (R2> 0.9997). The precision RSD values are all less than 1.0%. The reproducibility RSD values are all less than 1.3%. The stability RSD values are all less than 2.2%. The recovery values ranged from 92.4% to 99.4%. This method is simple, accurate, and reproducible. It can be used for the determination of sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 4-coumaric acid in Danhong injection.

Investigation of the Potential of Using Liquid Rubbers in Rubber Industry

Along with the developing technology in the rubber industry, the use of natural and synthetic rubbers as well as liquid rubbers has increased significantly in recent years. The formulation of the tread compound, which directly affects the performance of a tire, is generally produced from natural and synthetic rubbers. Intensive scientific studies have been carried out on liquid rubbers because they reduce the consumption of process oils used in the tire production phase and increase dispersion. In this study, the rheological and physico-mechanical properties of rubbers developed using only liquid rubber (liquid isoprene and liquid SBR) with four different viscosities and without using process oil (Styrene Butadiene Rubber—SBR) were investigated. It has been observed that the rubber blends produced by adding four different liquid rubbers to the same recipe caused changes in rheological and physico-mechanical properties compared to the reference sample. It was observed that the minimum torque/viscosity (ML), maximum torque/viscosity (MH) and curing time (t90) in some of the formulas tested decreased significantly due to the use of liquid rubber.

Determination of Voriconazole in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

A sensitive, accurate and robust Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry method has been developed and validated to measure voriconazole trough levels in human plasma. The plasma samples were mixed with fluconazole as an Internal Standard and directed to protein precipitation and drug extraction. An aliquot of 1 μl was injected into the chromatographic system and separated by the Acquity BEH C18 column at a flow rate of 0.30 ml/min in a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, Ultrapure water (UPW), methanol and formic acid. Voriconazole was detected by a Triple Quadrupole Detector (TQD) operating on Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) and a positive ion mode Electrospray ionization (ESI) Q1 mass: 350.1 m/z, Q3 mass: 281.1 m/z. Method linearity of the calibration curve (0.10 - 8.00 μg/ml) indicated a correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.99. The intra and inter-assay accuracy was within 85% - 115% and the intra and inter-assay precision was ≤5.76%. Voriconazole recovery percentage was between 97.69 - 119.62%. The method was successively applied in routine voriconazole TDM.

基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS技术结合化学计量学方法的不同干燥处理杜仲叶成分分析

采用基于液质联用的非靶向代谢组学技术结合化学计量学数据自动解析软件AntDAS-LCHRMS分析了4种不同干燥处理(冻干、热泵烘干、电热烘干、晒干)杜仲叶样本中的化合物。杜仲叶样本数据由超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS)分别在正、负离子模式下进行采集,经AntDAS-LCHRMS软件解析,共鉴定出71种差异性化合物,经标准品验证确定40种化合物,包括环烯醚萜类、有机酸类、黄酮类、氨基酸类、核苷类、维生素类等9类物质。其中,正、负离子模式下均可识别并验证的化合物有车叶草苷、绿原酸、芦丁、异槲皮苷、车叶草苷酸、京尼平苷等25种化合物。层次聚类分析(HCA)及主成分分析(PCA)结果均显示,相同处理的杜仲叶样本各自聚成一类,不同处理的杜仲叶样本可明显区分。热图分析进一步揭示了不同干燥处理杜仲叶样本中差异性化合物的含量变化。晒干处理样本中苯丙氨酸及色氨酸等氨基酸类物质的水平较高;冻干及热泵烘干处理样本中有机酸类、环烯醚萜类、糖类等含量较高;电热烘干样本中核苷类、黄酮类物质的含量较高;黄酮类物质在冻干、热泵烘干及晒干样本中差异较小。研究结果为不同干燥处理杜仲叶的成分分析、品质评价及其开发应用提供了科学依据,也可为其他复杂药用植物体系的化学成分分析提供参考。

一种测量液膜厚度的超声相控阵实验装置

气液两相流存在于核反应堆蒸发、飞行器冷却、化工生产降膜蒸发等过程,界面波的动态测量对工业过程监控和生产优化具有重要意义。界面波的准确识别与特性参数测量是开展科学研究与工程实践的重要前提。基于超声相控阵测量系统,设计了扇扫的测量方式,可以用于气液界面清晰的流型中液膜厚度和界面波形态三维测量。通过静态标定和圆管验证,确定了像素点和液膜厚度之间的关系,在气相表观流速为0.0719~0.4316 m/s,液相表观流速为0.0567~1.4161 m/s的工况下进行实时动态实验,获得了实时流动过程中较高精度的截面气液相界面信息,并构建了管道内部界面波三维分布形态,为界面波特性研究提供了一种实验参考方法。

纤维素生物质与废塑料共催化热解制取富烃液体燃料的研究进展

生物质能是国际公认的零碳可再生能源,其高效利用成为缓解能源与环境危机的关键,并对中国实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的目标具有重要意义。纤维素生物质与废塑料的共催化热解技术,不仅能制备高附加值的富烃液体燃料,还可达到“以废治废”的目的,进而实现生物质与废塑料的高效资源化利用。本工作从生物质与废塑料高值化利用的角度出发,对生物质和废塑料共催化热解制备富烃液体燃料的研究现状进行了综述,介绍了纤维素生物质和废塑料的基础化学特性差异,论述了废塑料种类、催化剂种类、物料和催化剂比例、催化热解温度等因素对生物质和废塑料共催化热解生物油产率和品质的影响,阐述了生物质和废塑料单独催化热解过程中的化学反应机理,并揭示了共催化热解过程中的协同反应机理,展望了该领域未来的发展方向,为生物质与废塑料的高附加值利用提供参考与思路。

商品期货市场套期保值与价格发现功能关联机制研究——基于市场流动性与参与者结构视角

基于市场流动性与参与者结构视角,探究在商品期货市场发展中套期保值与价格发现功能关联机制,并使用2011年1季度—2022年4季度大连商品交易所12个品种的面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明:期货市场价格发现功能通过市场流动性中介促进套期保值功能,而参与者结构调节期货市场功能关联强度;农产品期货市场的套期保值功能发挥整体较强,工业品期货市场的功能关联较强。为此,建议期货市场在提高市场流动性的同时优化参与者结构,进一步促进期货市场功能协同发挥。

土性对工程泥浆固化强度影响规律及微观机理

本文开展了一系列不同液限高分子吸水树脂固化工程泥浆无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了泥浆土液限对固化效率的影响规律,对比研究了掺入高岭土对泥浆固化强度的改进程度,最后基于XRD和SEM试验揭示了液限和高岭土对固化泥浆强度影响的微观机理。结果表明:随着泥浆土液限的增大,固化泥浆土强度逐渐降低,固化效率随着泥浆土液限增大显著衰减,当液限增加10%,固化泥浆土强度qu平均减少48.2%。然而高岭土的掺入则显著提升了固化泥浆土的强度,并且强度增长率随着龄期逐渐增大,对于龄期为90天时,增加40%高岭土能够提升固化泥浆土强度qu 1.17倍。微观结构试验表明泥浆土液限变化对水化产物产量的影响较小,固化泥浆土强度随泥浆土液限减小主要是由于固化泥浆土孔隙随着泥浆土液限增大而增多,使得微观结构松散从而导致强度降低。高岭土的掺入则显著提升了固化泥浆土的水化产物产量,增强了固化泥浆土胶结强度,从而提升了固化泥浆土强度。因此,在实际工程中,一方面可以通过调配泥浆土液限来提高固化效率;另一方面可以通过掺入高岭土或者一些高岭土基废弃物(如高岭土尾矿)来提高固化强度,实现“以废制废”绿色环保的理念。

企业ESG与资本市场表现——来自股票流动性的证据

在经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化态势下,ESG理念在资本市场中的地位日益凸显。文章基于2015—2021年我国A股上市公司数据,研究ESG表现对企业股票流动性的影响。研究发现,ESG表现显著提升了企业股票流动性,该效应在国有企业、大规模企业以及市场化程度较高的地区企业中更显著。机制分析表明,企业ESG有利于提升投资者情绪和信息透明度,进而促进股票流动性。进一步研究发现,企业良好ESG表现所带来的股票流动性显著提升了企业价值和企业创新。发掘企业ESG在金融市场的作用效果,为活跃资本市场提供新的经验证据。

液氮冻结和冻融条件下煤体力学特性及裂隙演化教学实验设计

该文设计了液氮冻结煤岩实验装置,并进行了液氮冻结和冻融条件下煤体力学特性实验,研究了液氮冻结时间和冻融次数对煤体力学强度及裂隙演化的影响规律,定量分析了液氮冷浸对煤体力学特征的影响。通过基于机理分析的实验教学拓展延伸,能够使学生从原理层面分析实验结果,学习宏微观结合的分析方法,加深对实验课程的理解,提高创新能力,开拓学术视野。

基于HPLC法及UPLC-MS法测定芫花饮片炮制前后7种成分的含量变化

目的:建立HPLC法及UPLC-MS法测定芫花中银椴苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、绿原酸、羟基芫花素、芫花素及芫花酯甲7种化学成分含量的方法,分析芫花炮制前后化学成分的变化。方法:采用HPLC法,测定银椴苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、绿原酸、羟基芫花素和芫花素6种成分的含量,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸(B)梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^(-1),进样量10μL。同时采用UPLC-MS方法测定芫花酯甲的含量,色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸(B)梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,进样量1μL。结果:7种成分的含量由高到低依次为芫花素>绿原酸>银椴苷>芹菜素>羟基芫花素>木犀草素>芫花酯甲。芫花炮制后7种成分的含量均发生一定程度的变化,其中绿原酸成分在炮制后含量有升高有降低,变化不明显;对于银椴苷和芹菜素成分,炮制后含量降低;对于木犀草素、羟基芫花素和芫花素3个成分,炮制后含量升高;对于芫花酯甲成分,炮制后含量降低。结论:该方法简便、灵敏、高效,为考察芫花饮片炮制前后的质量变化提供了技术支持。