Currently,there are several newer biomarkers that may be clinically useful in colon cancer. This paper focuses on a few of these biomarkers,namely microsatellite instability,loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 18q(LO...Currently,there are several newer biomarkers that may be clinically useful in colon cancer. This paper focuses on a few of these biomarkers,namely microsatellite instability,loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 18q(LOH18q) and multi-gene assays,and discusses the clinical evidence behind their predictive or prognostic abilities. The results show that although there have been several newer prognostic factors identified,such as LOH18 q and multi-gene assays,none of these factors can predict benefit from treatment. Therefore,ongoing prospective clinical trials are still needed to further assess the role and optimal use of these tests.展开更多
To study on the effect of clinical pathway （CP） on controlling pharmaceutical costs, we selected complex, chronic, non-communicable diseases, including cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic at...To study on the effect of clinical pathway （CP） on controlling pharmaceutical costs, we selected complex, chronic, non-communicable diseases, including cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as diseases to implement clinical pathways at a tertiary hospital in Qingdao. We then conducted intermittent time series analysis on pharmaceutical costs. After the implementation of clinical pathway, overall pharmaceutical costs of patients with transient ischemic attack reduced significantly. The effect was not significant for cerebral hemorrhage patients. The implementation of clinical pathway has a desirable outcome on controlling pharmaceutical costs.展开更多
文摘Currently,there are several newer biomarkers that may be clinically useful in colon cancer. This paper focuses on a few of these biomarkers,namely microsatellite instability,loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 18q(LOH18q) and multi-gene assays,and discusses the clinical evidence behind their predictive or prognostic abilities. The results show that although there have been several newer prognostic factors identified,such as LOH18 q and multi-gene assays,none of these factors can predict benefit from treatment. Therefore,ongoing prospective clinical trials are still needed to further assess the role and optimal use of these tests.
文摘To study on the effect of clinical pathway （CP） on controlling pharmaceutical costs, we selected complex, chronic, non-communicable diseases, including cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as diseases to implement clinical pathways at a tertiary hospital in Qingdao. We then conducted intermittent time series analysis on pharmaceutical costs. After the implementation of clinical pathway, overall pharmaceutical costs of patients with transient ischemic attack reduced significantly. The effect was not significant for cerebral hemorrhage patients. The implementation of clinical pathway has a desirable outcome on controlling pharmaceutical costs.
