Non-equal channel lateral extrusion（NECLE） is a new process that can be used to attain higher grain refinement in comparison with equal channel lateral extrusion（ECLE）. The die design for this process was numerica...Non-equal channel lateral extrusion（NECLE） is a new process that can be used to attain higher grain refinement in comparison with equal channel lateral extrusion（ECLE）. The die design for this process was numerically and experimentally studied. After finding a good correlation between the numerical and experimental results, more comprehensive FE analyses were carried out. Different die geometrical parameters were considered and their effects on the induced plastic strain, stress distribution, velocity field and forming load of the process were investigated. It was found that by this process with a suitable set of die geometrical parameters, higher induced effective strain and more homogeneous strain distribution could be achieved in comparison with ECLE operation.展开更多
OWTs （offshore wind turbines） are currently considered as a reliable source of renewable energy. OWT support structures account for 20%-25% of the capital cost for offshore wind installations. Pre-feasibility studie...OWTs （offshore wind turbines） are currently considered as a reliable source of renewable energy. OWT support structures account for 20%-25% of the capital cost for offshore wind installations. Pre-feasibility studies involving estimation of preliminary dimensions of the wind turbine structure need to be performed for initial costing to arrive at the commercial viability of the project. The main objective of the paper is to obtain preliminary configuration for commercial viability and approximate sizing of the foundation pile. Design equations and nomograms are proposed for quick preliminary design of monopile founded wind turbines located offshore of Gujarat. Parametric studies are carried-out on various configurations of a hollow monopile by varying water depths and properties of sand. A nonlinear static analysis of substructure is performed considering aerodynamic forces and hydrodynamic forces for various structural and soil parameters. The sub-structure design of wind turbine is based on API （American petroleum institute） standards. A simplified design methodology for monopile support structure under extreme loading condition is presented based on multivariable linear regression analysis. The input variables for the regression analysis are hydrodynamic data, angle of internal friction of sand, and the output variables are length and outer diameter of monopile. This simplified methodology is applicable in pre-studies of wind power parks.展开更多
The thermodynamic behavior of field equations for the generalized f(R) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry is studied in the two kinds of spacetime,i.e.,the both spatially homogenous,isotropic ...The thermodynamic behavior of field equations for the generalized f(R) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry is studied in the two kinds of spacetime,i.e.,the both spatially homogenous,isotropic FRW universe and static,spherically symmetric black hole spacetime.The field equations of the generalized f(R) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry can be cast to the form of the first law of thermodynamics with the reputed entropy production terms dS,which are quite general and can degenerate to the cases of Einstein's general relativity and pure f(R) gravity with non-coupling and nonminimal coupling as special cases.The appearance of the entropy production term dS illustrates that the horizon thermodynamics is non-equilibrium one for the generalized f(R) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry.展开更多
文摘Non-equal channel lateral extrusion（NECLE） is a new process that can be used to attain higher grain refinement in comparison with equal channel lateral extrusion（ECLE）. The die design for this process was numerically and experimentally studied. After finding a good correlation between the numerical and experimental results, more comprehensive FE analyses were carried out. Different die geometrical parameters were considered and their effects on the induced plastic strain, stress distribution, velocity field and forming load of the process were investigated. It was found that by this process with a suitable set of die geometrical parameters, higher induced effective strain and more homogeneous strain distribution could be achieved in comparison with ECLE operation.
文摘OWTs （offshore wind turbines） are currently considered as a reliable source of renewable energy. OWT support structures account for 20%-25% of the capital cost for offshore wind installations. Pre-feasibility studies involving estimation of preliminary dimensions of the wind turbine structure need to be performed for initial costing to arrive at the commercial viability of the project. The main objective of the paper is to obtain preliminary configuration for commercial viability and approximate sizing of the foundation pile. Design equations and nomograms are proposed for quick preliminary design of monopile founded wind turbines located offshore of Gujarat. Parametric studies are carried-out on various configurations of a hollow monopile by varying water depths and properties of sand. A nonlinear static analysis of substructure is performed considering aerodynamic forces and hydrodynamic forces for various structural and soil parameters. The sub-structure design of wind turbine is based on API （American petroleum institute） standards. A simplified design methodology for monopile support structure under extreme loading condition is presented based on multivariable linear regression analysis. The input variables for the regression analysis are hydrodynamic data, angle of internal friction of sand, and the output variables are length and outer diameter of monopile. This simplified methodology is applicable in pre-studies of wind power parks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175077 and 11147150)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant Nos.20102124 and L2011189)
文摘The thermodynamic behavior of field equations for the generalized f(R) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry is studied in the two kinds of spacetime,i.e.,the both spatially homogenous,isotropic FRW universe and static,spherically symmetric black hole spacetime.The field equations of the generalized f(R) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry can be cast to the form of the first law of thermodynamics with the reputed entropy production terms dS,which are quite general and can degenerate to the cases of Einstein's general relativity and pure f(R) gravity with non-coupling and nonminimal coupling as special cases.The appearance of the entropy production term dS illustrates that the horizon thermodynamics is non-equilibrium one for the generalized f(R) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry.
