多种保肛术对患者术后肛门功能的影响对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术、开腹式全直肠系膜切除术、超低位前切除结直肠吻合术、低位前切除结直肠吻合术、低位前切除加结肠贮袋肛管吻合术5种术式对患者术后肛门功能的影响。方法:将我院行保肛术的低位直肠癌患者150例随机分为腹腔镜组、开腹组、超低位吻合组、低位吻合组、肛管吻合组5组,每组30例。观察和对比每组患者手术情况、术后情况、控便情况、肛门功能、不良反应和患者满意度等。结果:开腹组患者的肛门排气时间明显多于其他四组患者(P<0.05);肛管吻合组患者的排便次数正常时间最短(P<0.05);肛管吻合组出现失禁例数最少(P<0.05);腹腔镜组、超低位吻合组患者的不良反应发生率明显低于其他3组患者(P<0.05);术后6、12个月开腹组的满意度最低,分别为66.67%、76.67%;而肛管吻合组术后6、12个月的满意度最高,分别达76.67%、100.00%。结论:腹腔镜TME、开腹式TME、超低位前切除结直肠吻合术、低位前切除结直肠吻合术、低位前切除加结肠贮袋肛管吻合术5种术式对术后患者的肛门功能影响相当。

低位直肠癌保肛术后复发原因与再治疗分析

目的:探讨低位直肠癌保肛术后复发的原因及再治疗的对策。方法:对在我院行低位直肠癌保肛术后复发患者32例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:复发主要原因有远端切除直肠距离不足、肠外侧方淋巴结清除不彻底、肿瘤细胞的淋巴、血液和种植转移、术中操作不当或手术方式选择错误以及术后不规则放化疗。结论:低位直肠癌手术治疗后复发率高,术前应做好充分术前准备选择正确手术方式,术中应对相关淋巴结进行彻底清扫以免遗漏癌,术后仍需定期随访和规律放化疗。

Investigation on complementarity between total mesorectal excision and radical resection in relation to postoperative local recurrence in patients receiving anus-reserve operation on rectal cancer

Objective:To investigate the difference and complementarity between total mesorectal excision(TME)and radical resection in relation to postoperative local recurrence in patients receiving anus-reserve operation on rectal cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 81 cases during a period from 1975 to 2001 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In the 81 cases with local recurrence,49 of them laid to anastomosis and mesorectum,17 lymph nodes and 15 multi-site relapse.The choice of operative procedure included abdominoperineal resection in 58 cases,Hartmann’s operation in 4 cases,simple double-pelvic stoma in 12 cases,exploration in 7 cases,and total pelvic or rear-pelvic resection in combination with other organs in 6 cases. The rate of resection was 84.0%(68/81).32 cases reached clinical radical degree,and the rate of radical resection was 39.5% (32/81).The 5-year survival rate was 34.4%(11/32).Conclusion:Based on actual condition of the patients,attention to radi- cal resection and total mesorectal excision are necessary,and reasonable adoption of the operative procedure could reduce the local recurrence of rectal cancer.