声诺维(Sono Vue)与双氧水在不孕症子宫输卵管超声造影中的应用价值

目的:探讨声诺维与双氧水在不孕症子宫输卵管超声造影中的临床价值。方法:选择不孕症患者48例,30例患者共56条输卵管应用声诺维作为造影剂,18例患者共33条输卵管应用双氧水作为造影剂,分别经阴道超声在造影模式下行子宫输卵管造影术,并与X线泛影葡胺造影对照。结果:声诺维组注入宫腔后即显示微气泡较强回声,气泡密集细小,伪像少,持续时间较长,可清晰显示卵巢包绕征,效果明显优于双氧水;两种超声造影剂造影结果与放射泛影葡胺造影结果的比较,差异有统计学意义。结论:经阴道超声造影模式下声诺维子宫输卵管造影,具有安全无损伤,直观,图像清晰,与双氧水子宫输卵管造影结果对比,诊断准确率高,不良反应出现率低。

Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Miscanthus sinensis Following Synergic Pretreatment with ^(60)Co γ-ray Irradiation and Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different pretreat- ments on enzymatic saccharification of Miscanthus sinensis and improve reducing sugar yield in the enzymolysis process. [Method] M. sinensis was pretreated with 60Co y-ray irradiation and alkaline hydrogen peroxide, to analyze their effects on re- ducing sugar yield of enzymatic hydrolysis. [Result] After pretreatment with 400 kGy 60Co y-ray irradiation, reducing sugar yield in the enzymolysis process of M sinensis was 76.24 mg/g; after synergic pretreatment with 400 kGy 60Co y-ray irradiation and alkaline hydrogen peroxide, reducing sugar yield in the enzymolysis process of M. sinensis was 505.08 mg/g, which was improved by 5.6 times compared to that in pretreatment with 400 kGy 60Co y-ray irradiation. Based on process optimization, the optimal hydrolysis conditions were obtained： pretreatment temperature 30 ℃, NaOH concentration 1.2%, hydrogen peroxide concentration 2%, pretreatment time 6 h. [Conclusion] Synergic pretreatment with 60Co y-ray irradiation and alkaline hydrogen peroxide could significantly improve reducing sugar yield in the enzymolysis process of M. sinensis, which provided a new theoretical basis for preparing fuel ethanol with M. sinensis.

Aniracetam attenuates H_2O_2-induced deficiency of neuron viability, mi-tochondria potential and hippocampal long-term potentiation of mice in vitro

Objective It is known that free radicals are involved in neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction, as seen in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and aging. The present study examines the protective effects of aniracetam against H2O2- induced toxicity to neuron viability, mitochondria potential and hippocampal long-term potentiation （LTP）. Methods Tetrazolium salt 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） was used to detect neuronal viability. MitoTracker Red （CMX Ros）, a fluorescent stain for mitochondria, was used to measure mitochondria potential. Electrophysiological technique was carried out to record hippocampual LTE Results H2O2 exposure impaired the viability of neurons, reduced mitochondria potential, and decreased LTP in the CA region of hippocampus. These deficient effects were significantly rescued by pre-treatment with aniracetam （10 ～100μmol/L）. Conclusion These results indicate that aniracetam has a strong neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced toxicity, which could partly explain the mechanism of its clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases.

Leaching of chalcopyrite with hydrogen peroxide in hydrochloric acid solution

The aim of this work was to investigate the leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate in hydrochloric acid with hydrogen peroxide as a strong oxidizing agent. The effects of the leaching variables on metal extraction, such as stirring speed, solid-to-liquid ratio, temperature and HCl and H2O2 concentrations, were studied. The maximum final copper extraction of 33% was attained with 3.0 mol/L H2O2 in 0.5 mol/L HCl at room temperature after 180 min of the reaction. The results showed that the copper extraction was increased in the first 60 min of reaction, after which it essentially ceased due to the fast catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Further, solid-to-liquid ratio affected the copper extraction significantly and the highest copper extraction was obtained in the most dilute suspension（i.e., S/L ratio of 1：100）. The dissolution process was described by the first order kinetics equation. The apparent activation energy of 19.6 k J/mol suggested that the dissolution process was under diffusion control. The reaction orders for HCl and H2O2 were established to be 0.30 and 0.53, respectively. The results of the XRD and SEM/EDS analysis of the leaching residue indicated the generation of the elemental sulphur on mineral surfaces which tended to inhibit the leaching rate.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Non-hydrotreated Kerosene Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Acetic Acid

The oxidative desulfurization of a real refinery feedstock (i.e.,non-hydrotreated kerosene with total sulfur mass content of 0.16%) with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid was studied.The influences of various operating parameters including reaction temperature (T),acid to sulfur molar ratio (nacid/nS),and oxidant to sulfur molar ratio (nO/nS) on the sulfur removal of kerosene were investigated.The results revealed that an increase in the reaction temperature (T) and nacid/nS enhances the sulfur removal.Moreover,there is an optimum nO/nS related to the reaction temperature and the best sulfur removal could be obtained at nO/nS=8 and 23 for the reaction temperatures of 25 and 60°C,respectively.The maximum observed sulfur removal in the present oxidative desulfurization system was 83.3%.

Extraction of manganese and zinc from their compound ore by reductive acid leaching

Comprehensive utilization of low grade manganese?zinc compound ore containing lead and silver with a method of reductive acid leaching was studied.According to theφ?pH diagram of Mn?Zn?H2O system,Mn and Zn can be leached simultaneously in the pH range of?2to5.61.The results showed that both hydrogen peroxide and sucrose were effective reductants which could intensify the simultaneous leaching of Mn and Zn into leachate as well as enrich Pb and Ag in the residue.95.88%of Mn and99.23%of Zn were extracted when the compound ore was leached with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid media,meanwhile the contents of Pb and Ag in the residue were enriched to13.21%and489.36g/t,respectively.When sucrose was used as the reductant,the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Zn separately achieved98.26%and99.62%,and contents of Pb and Ag in the residue were as high as13.92%and517.87g/t,respectively.

Degradation kinetics and mechanisms of phenolin photo－Fenton process

Phenol degradation in photochemically enhanced Fenton process was investigated in this work. UV-VIS spectra of phenol degradation showed the difference between photo-Fenton process and UV/H2O2, which is a typical hydroxyl radical process. A possible pathway diagram for phenol degradation in photo-Fenton process was proposed, and a mathematical model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was developed. Operating parameters such as dosage of H2O2 and ferrous ions, pH, suitable carrier gas were found to impact the removal of COD significantly. The results and analysis of kinetic parameters calculated from the kinetic model showed that complex degradation of phenol was the main pathway for removal of COD: while hydroxyl radicals acted weakly in the photo-Fenton degradation of phenol.

Enantioselective epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by bioinspired aminopyridine manganese complexes derived from L-proline

Three chiral aminopyridine ligands derived from L-proline were prepared. Careful evaluation of the corresponding aminopyridine manganese complexes in asymmetric epoxidation of olefins revealed a broad substrate scope in the presence of 0.2 mol% manganese complex and 0.5 equiv. 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid, with aqueous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. A variety of olefins including styrenes, chromenes, and cinnamamides were transformed successfully into the target epoxides with moderate to excellent enantioselectivity（yield up to 95%, ee up to 99%）.

Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor （cilostazol） attenuates oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart

Background Cilostazol is a type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor which has been previously demonstrated to prevent the occurrence of tachyarrhythmia and improve defibrillation efficacy. However, the mechanism for this beneficial effect is still unclear. Since cardiac mito-chondria have been shown to play a crucial role in fatal cardiac arrhythmias and that oxidative stress is one of the main contributors to arr-hythmia generation, we tested the effects of cilostazol on cardiac mitochondria under severe oxidative stress. Methods Mitochondria were isolated from rat hearts and treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. Cilostazol, at various concentrations, was used to study its protective effects. Pharmacological interventions, including a mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） blocker, cyclosporine A （CsA）, and an inner membrane anion channel （IMAC） blocker, 4＇-chlorodiazepam （CDP）, were used to investigate the mechanistic role of cilostazol on cardiac mitochondria. Cardiac mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （ROS） production, mitochondrial membrane potential change and mi-tochondrial swelling were determined as indicators of cardiac mitochondrial function. Results Cilostazol preserved cardiac mitochondrial function when exposed to oxidative stress by preventing mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial swelling, and decreasing ROS produc-tion. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cardioprotective effects of cilostazol reported previously could be due to its prevention of car-diac mitochondrial dysfunction caused by severe oxidative stress.

Treatment of spent caustic by three kinds of photocatalyticoxidation processes

The investigation of the performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant shows that in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H2O2dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） to chemical oxygen demand （COD） of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reached 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.

Interfacial engineering of heterogeneous molecular electrocatalysts using ionic liquids towards efficient hydrogen peroxide production

Efficient and selective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts are critical to realizing decentralized H_(2)O_(2)production and utilization.Here we demonstrate a facile interfacial engineering strategy using a hydrophobic ionic liquid(IL,i.e.,[BMIM][NTF2])to boost the performance of a nitrogen coordinated single atom cobalt catalyst(i.e.),cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc)supported on carbon nanotubes(CNTs).We find a strong correlation between the ORR performance of CoPc/CNT and the thickness of its IL coatings.Detailed characterization revealed that a higher O_(2)solubility(2.12×10^(−3)mol/L)in the IL compared to aqueous electrolytes provides a local O2 enriched surface layer near active catalytic sites,enhancing the ORR thermodynamics.Further,the hydrophobic IL can efficiently repel the as‐synthesized H_(2)O_(2)molecules from the catalyst surface,preventing their fast decomposition to H_(2)O,resulting in improved H_(2)O_(2)selectivity.Compared to CoPc/CNT without IL coatings,the catalyst with an optimal~8 nm IL coating can deliver a nearly 4 times higher mass specific kinetic current density and 12.5%higher H2O2 selectivity up to 92%.In a two‐electrode electrolyzer test,the optimal catalyst exhibits an enhanced productivity of 3.71 molH2O2 gcat^(–1)h^(–1),and robust stability.This IL‐based interfacial engineering strategy may also be extended to many other electrochemical reactions by carefully tailoring the thickness and hydrophobicity of IL coatings.

Different Treatment Methods on Seed Germination Seedlings

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different gibberellic acid and hydrogen peroxide concentrations and different soaking time on the germination potential and germination rate of Scutellaria baicalensis, so as to improve the breeding efficiency of S. baicalensis. [Method] Dry seeds were divided into 3 groups, each containing 50 grains, which were weighed and put in a culture dish and soaked with distilled water covering the surface of seeds at room temperature. The seed weight was measured by gravimetric method once every 30 min from 30 rain after soaking, until the weight of the seeds no longer changed. [Result] With the increase of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the germination rate of S. baicalensis was improved gradually, and reached 32.0% under the concentration of 1.0% at the soaking time of 24 h; and with the increase of the concentration of gibberellic acid, the germination rate of S. baicalensis was improved gradually, and reached 64.0% under the concentration of 600 mg/L at the soaking time of 24 h. [Conclusion] The constant temperature at 25 ℃ in the incubator could also improve the seed germination rate; and the germination rate achieved by treating the seeds with gibbereUic acid was remarkably higher than that achieved by treating the seeds with hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Exfoliative LDH in the Presence of Glycine

Exfoliative Mg/Al layered double hydroxide （Mg/Al-LDHGly） was obtained via hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of glyeine. The product prepared by hydrothermal reaction for 10 h at 120℃possesses high thermal stability and maximal erystallite size in a, c directions. TEM and SEM analyses show that Mg/Al-LDHGly was of well-crystallized hexagonal product with stacks of slightly curved layers. Benefiting from mechanism investigation on its gradual delamination in formamide, rapid delamination of Mg/Al-LDHGly at room temperature was realized, which provided fundamental for preparation of （Mg/Al-LDHGly）/polymer nanoeomposites by using exfoliation-adsorption method.

1T′‐MoTe_(2) monolayer:A promising two‐dimensional catalyst for the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e‐ORR)in acidic media has emerged as a green process for the production of this valuable chemical.However,such an approach employs expensive noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts,which severely undermines its feasibility when implemented on an industrial scale.Herein,based on density functional theory computations and microkinetic modeling,we demonstrate that a novel two‐dimensional(2D)material,namely a 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer,can serve as an efficient non‐precious electrocatalyst to facilitate the 2e‐ORR.The 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer is a stable 2D crystal that can be easily produced through exfoliation techniques.The surface‐exposed Te sites of the 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer exhibit a favorable OOH*binding energy of 4.24 eV,resulting in a rather high basal plane activity toward the 2e‐ORR.Importantly,kinetic computations indicate that the 1T'‐MoTe_(2)monolayer preferentially promotes the formation of H_(2)O_(2)over the competing four‐electron ORR step.These desirable characteristics render 1T′‐MoTe_(2)a promising candidate for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of O_(2)to H_(2)O_(2).

Tuning the oxygen evolution electrocatalysis on NiFe-layered double hydroxides via sulfur doping

We report a facile way to prepare sulfur(S) doped Ni4/5 Fe1/5-layered double hydroxide(LDH) electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). The influence of S doping amount on the OER activity of the resulted Ni Fe-LDHs was studied and the optimal surface S content was ca. 0.43 at%. The developed S-doped Ni Fe-LDH exhibits excellent OER catalyst activity in 1.0 M KOH with overpotential of only 257 m V at the current density of 10 m A cm^-2. Moreover, the catalyst could maintain high activity after 30 h stability test. The high activity of the S-doped Ni Fe-LDH catalysts may originate from the synergistic effect between S and the Fe sites. This work provides a simple but efficient way to improve the OER performance of transition metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides.

Enhanced corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coated magnesium alloy by superhydrophobic Mg-Al layered double hydroxide coating

To further enhance the corrosion resistance of the porous micro-arc oxidation(MAO) ceramic layers on AZ31 magnesium alloy, superhydrophobic Mg-Al layered double hydroxide(LDH) coating was fabricated on MAO-coated AZ31 alloy by using in-situ growth method followed by surface modification with stearic acid. The characteristics of different coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The effect of the hydrothermal treatment time on the formation of the LDH coatings was studied. The results demonstrated that the micro-pores and cracks of MAO coating were gradually sealed via in-situ growing LDH with prolonging hydrothermal treating time. Electrochemical measurement displayed that the lowest corrosion current density, the most positive corrosion potential and the highest impedance modulus were observed for superhydrophobic LDH/MAO coating compared with those of MAO coating and LDH/MAO coating. Immersion experiment proved that the superhydrophobic LDH/MAO coating with the active anti-corrosion capability significantly enhanced the long-term corrosion protection for MAO coated alloy.

Palladium-Carbon Composite Nanoparticle Films with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors

A nanocomposite electrocatalyst was prepared with the method of cluster beam deposition of palladium nanoparticle thin lms on carbon nanoparticle supporting layers and used as sensitive nonenzyme hydrogen peroxide sensors. An enhancement on the electrocatalytic activity of the palladium nanoparticles toward H2O2 reduction was observed, which was related to the coverage of the carbon nanoparticles. With one monolayer of carbon nanoparticles, the H2O2 detection sensitivity reached the maximum, which was more than twice of that of the pure Pd nanoparticles.

Layered double hydroxide photocatalysts for solar fuel production

Splitting water or reducing CO_(2) via semiconductor photocatalysis to produce H2 or hydrocarbon fuels through the direct utilization of solar energy is a promising approach to mitigating the current fossil fuel energy crisis and environmental challenges.It enables not only the realization of clean,renewable,and high-heating-value solar fuels,but also the reduction of CO_(2) emissions.Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are a type of two-dimensional anionic clay with a brucite-like structure,and are characterized by a unique,delaminable,multidimensional,layered structure;tunable intralayer metal cations;and exchangeable interlayer guest anions.Therefore,it has been widely investigated in the fields of CO_(2) reduction,photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation,and water photolysis to produce H2.However,the low carrier mobility and poor quantum efficiency of pure LDH limit its application.An increasing number of scholars are exploring methods to obtain LDH-based photocatalysts with high energy conversion efficiency,such as assembling photoactive components into LDH laminates,designing multidimensional structures,or coupling different types of semiconductors to construct heterojunctions.This review first summarizes the main characteristics of LDH,i.e.,metal-cation tunability,intercalated guest-anion substitutability,thermal decomposability,memory effect,multidimensionality,and delaminability.Second,LDHs,LDH-based composites(metal sulfide-LDH composites,metal oxide-LDH composites,graphite phase carbon nitride-LDH composites),ternary LDH-based composites,and mixed-metal oxides for splitting water to produce H_(2) are reviewed.Third,graphite phase carbon nitride-LDH composites,MgAl-LDH composites,CuZn-LDH composites,and other semiconductor-LDH composites for CO_(2) reduction are introduced.Although the field of LDH-based photocatalysts has advanced considerably,the photocatalytic mechanism of LDHs has not been thoroughly elucidated;moreover,the photocatalytic active sites,the synergy between different components,and the interfacial reaction mechanism of LDH-based photocatalysts require further investigation.Therefore,LDH composite materials for photocatalysis could be developed through structural regulation and function-oriented design to investigate the effects of different components and interface reactions,the influence of photogenerated carriers,and the impact of material composition on the physical and chemical properties of the LDH-based photocatalyst.

Oxidative Treatment of Some Reactive Dyes by Fenton Reagent

Nine kinds of reactive dye solutions: Reactive K -2RL, H-E2R, X-6B1Y, HE-4G, X-3B, K-2R, H - E7B, X -4RN and S - F3B were treated by using Fenton reagent. While the concentration of dye is 400 mg/L, the FeSO4 dosage 100 -180 mg/L, H2O2 240 -540 mg/L, that is the stoichiometric numbers of Fe2+ and H2O2 are between 1: 9 - 1:12, pH = 3, reaction tune In, temperature 25℃, the colority removal efficiency reach more than 95%, the COD removal efficiency 65% -85%, and the TOC removal efficiency 70.2%. By comparing UV-VIS absorption spectrum before and after treatment, it further shows that decomposition effect of Fenton reagent on these nine kinds of reactive dyes is satisfactory.

Amorphous CoOx coupled carbon dots as a spongy porous bifunctional catalyst for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation and CO2 reduction

Cobalt-based oxides,with high abundance,good stability and excellent catalytic performance,are regarded as promising photocatalysts for artificial photosynthetic systems to alleviate foreseeable energy shortages and global warming.Herein,for the first time,a series of novel spongy porous CDs@CoOx materials were synthesized to act as an efficient and stable bifunctional photocatalyst for water oxidation and CO2 reduction.Notably,the preparation temperatures visibly influence the morphologies and photocatalytic performances of the CDs@CoOx.Under the optimal conditions,a maximum O2 yield of 40.4% and pretty apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 58.6% at 460 nm were obtained over CDs@CoOx-300 for water oxidation.Similarly,the optimized sample CDs@CoOx-300 manifests significant enhancement on the CO2-to-CO conversion with a high selectivity of 89.3% and CO generation rate of 8.1μmol/h,which is superior to most previous cobalt-based catalysts for CO2 reduction.The composite CDs@CoOx-300 not only exposes more active sites but also facilitates electron transport,which results in excellent photocatalytic activity.In addition,the boosted photocatalytic behavior is attributed to the synergistic effect between CoOx and CDs,which was verified by the photocatalytic activity control experiments and electrochemical characterization.The work offers a novel strategy to fabricate a high performance bifunctional photocatalyst for water oxidation and CO2 reduction.