不同时期脏腑辨证理论内涵差异初探

目的:明晰不同时期医家对脏腑辨证理论的发挥,完善脏腑辨证理论,并对临床诊治提供新的思路。方法:通过文献分析和差异比较法,对脏腑辨证理论在历史源流与内涵传承及创新两方面,分别从广度和深度上进行总结、分析。结果:自《黄帝内经》始,脏腑辨证经《中藏经》《备急千金要方》《小儿药证直诀》发挥,尤其是张元素《医学启源》对脏腑辨证理论进行了更为系统和全面的总结后,形成理法方药完备的脏腑辨证论治体系。结论:脏腑辨证理论体系的建立对后世易水学派、温补学派及扶阳学派各医家关于脏腑辨证理论的形成产生重要影响。

《医学启源》用药规律理论和应用特点研究之探析

中医药学是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分,保持和发扬中医药特色,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。中药学的发展经历了不同时期不同医药家的补充和完善,蕴藏着非常实用的临床价值,而其中以性味、归经为主体的中药性能是中药理论核心,备受历代医家推崇。易水学派开山张元素在继承前人药学理论的基础上,结合自身临床用药经验,完备了中药学理论体系,影响深远。本文试从广度和深度上系统分析张元素在《医学启源》中药性理论体系和用药规律特点。具体而言,主要从药物归经、药物升降浮沉之性、引经报使理论、时令用药、药物配伍、药物补泻、辨病辨证用药等7个方面入手进行梳理,从而明晰张元素用药规律理论和应用特点,以飨同道。

Exchange general rings

The exchange rings without unity, first introduced by Ara, are further investigated. Some new characterizations and properties of exchange general rings are given. For example, a general ring I is exchange if and only if for any left ideal L of I and a^-= a^-2 ∈I/L, there exists w ∈ r. ureg（I） such that w^- = a^-; E（R, I） （ the ideal extension of a ring R by its ideal I） is an exchange ring if and only if R and I are both exchange. Furthermore, it is presented that if I is a two-sided ideal of a unital ring R and I is an exchange general ring, then every central element of I is a clean element in 1.

Investigation on the Relationship between Specimen Width and Breaking Strength of Geotextile

The tensile properties of geotextile are analyzed with the boundary element method, with special emphasis put on the influence of specimen width on geotextile breaking strength. The theoretical and experimental results showed that narrow specimen would underestimate the tensile strength of the geotextile. During testing procedure, the lateral contraction of the specimen is the main reason that causes the breaking strength to be on the lower side. The theoretical results also indicate that the breaking strength of the geotextile would arrive at a fixed value when the specimen width is increased to a certain extent.

Production TTR modeling and dynamic buckling analysis

In a typical tension leg platform (TLP) design,the top tension factor (TTF),measuring the top tension of a top tensioned riser (TTR) relative to its submerged weight in water,is one of the most important design parameters that has to be specified properly. While a very small TTF may lead to excessive vortex induced vibration (VIV),clashing issues and possible compression close to seafloor,an unnecessarily high TTF may translate into excessive riser cost and vessel payload,and even has impacts on the TLP sizing and design in general. In the process of a production TTR design,it is found that its outer casing can be subjected to compression in a worst-case scenario with some extreme metocean and hardware conditions. The present paper shows how finite element analysis (FEA) models using beam elements and two different software packages (Flexcom and ABAQUS) are constructed to simulate the TTR properly,and especially the pipe-in-pipe effects. An ABAQUS model with hybrid elements (beam elements globally + shell elements locally) can be used to investigate how the outer casing behaves under compression. It is shown for the specified TTR design,even with its outer casing being under some local compression in the worst-case scenario,dynamic buckling would not occur;therefore the TTR design is adequate.

Pharmarcogenetic Mechanism of ACE liD Polymorphism Adversely Responding to ACE Inhibitors in Regulating the ACE Promoter Activity in Neurons

The ACE （angiotensin converting enzyme） inhibitors are not only drugs widely prescribed drugs in cardiovascular diseases, but also potentially therapeutic agents in dementia. Based on the findings that the ACE inhibitors could activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal to increase the ACE gene expression and that the Alu element of the human ACE gene involved in regulating ACE promoter activity, we aimed to investigate whether there are different pharmacogenetic responses of ACE I/D polymorphism to the ACE inhibitors in neurons. The three reporter vectors, pACEpro（0-SEAP, p-I-ACEpro-SEAP, and p-D-ACEpro-SEAP were used to examine the transcriptional activity of the vectors responding to the lisinopril treatment using a transient-transfection method in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that lisinopril increased the promoter activity of an ACE gene by 16.7%. Additionally, we found the lisinopril enhanced the ACE promoter activity of the I-form vector by 17.2%, but adversely reduced that of the D-form vector by 16.8%, as compared with the respective control without the lisinopril treatment. Firstly, our findings had proved that the UD polymorphism of ACE gene contrarily responds to the ACE inhibitors in regulating the ACE expression in neurons, which provide a novel insight suggesting genetic testing to tailor the treatment regimens in AD （Alzheimer＇s disease） patients.

Stress intensity factors under combined bending and torsion moments

This paper discusses stress intensity factor （SIF） calculations for surface cracks in round bars subjected to combined torsion and bending loadings. Different crack aspect ratios, a/b, ranging from 0.0 to 1.2 and relative crack depths, a/D, ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 were considered. Since the loading was non-symmetrical for torsion loadings, a whole finite element model was constructed. Then, the individual and combined bending and torsion loadings were remotely applied to the model. The equivalent SIF method, F＊EQ, was then used explicitly to combine the individual SIFs from the bending and torsion loadings. A comparison was then carried out with the combined SIF, F＊FE, obtained using the finite element analysis （FEA） under similar loadings. It was found that the equivalent SIF method successfully predicted the combined SIF for Mode I. However, discrepancies between the results determined from the different approaches occurred when Fm was involved. It was also noted that the predicted F＊ EE using FEA was higher than the F＊EQ predicted through the equivalent SIF method due to the difference in crack face interactions.