肝细胞癌中VEGF,HPA的表达与肿瘤微血管密度的关系及意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),乙酰肝素酶(HPA)在肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中的表达与肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)的关系及其意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学二步法联合检测72例HCC,62例肝硬化和23例正常肝组织中VEGF,HPA的表达和进行MVD计数,结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果: HCC中VEGF,HPA的表达率均明显高于肝硬化及正常肝,HCC中MVD值也显著高于肝硬化及正常肝。VEGF,HPA的表达率在TNMⅠⅡ期、无转移复发组、AFP<400μg/L组、无门脉癌栓组均明显低于ⅢⅣ期、转移复发组、AFP≥400μg/L组、有门脉癌栓组。在TNMⅠⅡ期、无转移复发组、AFP<400μg/L组、无门脉癌栓、单个肿瘤结节以及肿瘤直径<5cm组MVD计数亦明显低于ⅢⅣ期、转移复发组、AFP≥400μg/L组、有门脉癌栓、多个肿瘤结节以及肿瘤直径≥5cm组。VEGF,HPA的表达率与MVD值三者两两之间显示明显正相关。结论: VEGF,HPA在促进肿瘤微血管生成中起重要的作用,联合检测VEGF,HPA,CD34在肝癌中的表达,对肝癌患者的预后评估有一定的辅助意义。

血管内皮生长因子、微血管密度和促红细胞生成素在子宫腺肌病中的作用探讨

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、微血管密度(MVD)和促红细胞生成素(EPO)在子宫腺肌病异位内膜组织中的作用。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测子宫腺肌病异位内膜与正常子宫内膜中VEGF、MVD和EPO的表达。结果:VEGF、MVD和EPO在腺肌病组组织中表达均明显高于对照组正常内膜。结论:VEGF、MVD和EPO参与调控血管生成,在子宫内膜侵袭种植及新生血管形成网络过程中起重要作用,它在组织中的表达反映了该组织的血管生成活性程度,与子宫腺肌病的发生发展关系密切。

血小板反应素-1在子宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的:探讨血小板反应素-1(TSP-1)的表达和微血管密度(MVD)改变与子宫颈癌的关系。方法:采用SP免疫组织化学技术,检测了30例子宫颈癌组织和20例子宫颈癌旁组织中TSP-1的表达及MVD的改变。结果:子宫颈癌组织中存在活跃的血管生成;MVD与子宫颈癌侵袭转移和临床分期有关;30例癌组织中TSP-1的阳性表达图像分析灰度值明显高于20例癌旁组织的阳性表达图像分析灰度值;TSP-1的阳性表达与子宫颈癌患者的病情进展和转移明显有关。相关分析表明TSP-1表达与MVD成负相关。结论:TSP-1与子宫颈癌的血管生成密切相关。TSP-1和MVD是临床估计子宫颈癌病情进展和侵袭转移的重要标志。

良恶性乳腺疾病动态增强MRI表现特征与血管生成相关性研究

目的:探讨分析乳腺良恶性病变动态增强MRI表现特征与血管内皮生长因子的表达水平以及微血管密度之间的相关性。方法:对40例行动态增强MRI乳腺检查并同时经病理以及免疫组织化学技术确诊患者通过早期增强率、时间-信号强度曲线、强化峰值评价动态增强MRI的表现;病理切片经相关抗原进行免疫组化染色,并测定血管内皮生长因子的表达水平以及微血管密度。结果:40例乳腺疾病患者,24例患者为恶性病变,16例患者为良性病变,恶性病变的血管内皮生长因子的表达水平以及微血管密度均明显高于良性病变(P<0.05)。40例乳腺良恶性疾病患者中,早期增强率>60%的患者与早期增强率<60%的患者相比较,时间-信号强度曲线以及血管内皮生长因子的表达水平之间的差异(P>0.05);而强化峰值、微血管密度之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺良恶性疾病动态增强MRI表现特征与血管内皮生长因子的表达水平以及微血管密度密切相关。

Cd34、mcp1在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨在甲状腺乳头状癌患者Cd34、mcp1的表达特征及检测的临床意义。方法:收集甲状腺乳头状癌患者50例作为观察对象,另选甲状腺良性疾病50例,甲状腺腺瘤30例,结节性甲状腺肿20例作为对照观察,运用酶联免疫法对各组Cd34、mcp1的具体含量进行检测。结果:甲状腺乳头状癌组Cd34标记微血管密度(MVD)值167.94±28.71,mcp1浓度147.6593±8.0051pmol/ml;甲状腺腺瘤组MVD值40.95±11.72,mcp1浓度98.6593±7.6742pmol/ml;结节性甲状腺肿组MVD值45.16±11.25,mcp1浓度73.7295±9.5752pmol/ml;三组间Cd34、mcp1比较差异均具有统计学意义。结论:Cd34与mcp1可以作为甲状腺乳头状癌患者临床诊查和预后判断的科学依据,有助于评估肿瘤变化、转移情况,以正确制定治疗方案。

COX-2、MMP-2和MVD在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究COX-2、MMP-2和MVD在结直肠癌中的表达,分析三者联合检测的临床意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学染色法观察56例结直肠癌患者的COX-2、MMP-2和MVD的表达,分析其与性别、组织学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及Dukes分期的关系,并随访观察不同COX-2、MMP-2和MVD表达与预后之间的关系。结果:COX-2、MMP-2和MVD的高表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移及Dukes分期密切相关。COX-2和MMP-2阳性生存率低于阴性生存率;MVD高密度组的生存率低于低密度组。结论:COX-2、MMP-2和MVD高表达与结直肠癌的分期密切相关,联合检测可作为临床诊断及预后的可行性指标。

HIF-1α、VEGF在不明原因反复自然流产患者绒毛组织中的表达及与MVD的关系

目的:探讨不明原因反复自然流产患者绒毛组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况及与微血管密度(MVD)的关系。方法:用免疫组化S-P法检测28例不明原因反复自然流产患者(简称研究组)绒毛组织中HIF-1α、VEGF、MVD的表达情况,以20例同期正常妊娠要求人工流产者作为对照组。结果:研究组绒毛组织中HIF-1α、VEGF的表达均低于对照组者;MVD值低于对照组;研究组中HIF-1α与VEGF的表达呈正相关;HIF-1α、VEGF的表达均与MVD呈正相关。结论:HIF-1α在不明原因反复自然流产患者绒毛组织表达水平下降,通过调节VEGF基因的转录,进而影响滋养细胞的浸润和胎盘血管重铸,可能参与了不明原因反复自然流产的发生。

Expression of Angiopoietin-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Significance

Objective： To investigate the expression of angiopoietin-2 （Ang-2） and vascular endothelialcell growth factor （VEGF） in oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC） and their correlations with clinicopathologic parameters, angiogenesis and vessel maturation of OSCC. Methods： The expression of Ang-2 and VEGF was detected in 41 speciments of human OSCC, 30 adjacent noncancerous oral tissues and 10 specimens of normal oral mucosa by conventional immumohistochemistry. Microvessel density （MVD） and vessel maturation index （VMI） were also assessed by double-labelling immumohistochemistry staining against CD34, a marker of pan-endothelial cells, and that against alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, a marker of mural cells （pericytes/smooth muscle cells）. Results： The positive expression rate of Ang-2 and VEGF in 41 OSCC tissues was 51.22% and 63.42%, respectively. The expression of Ang-2 and VEGF was significantly higher in OSCC than in adjacent noncancerous oral tissues （all P〈0.05） and normal oral mucosa （all P〈0.05）. In the clinicopathologic parameters, the Ang-2 expression was closely correlated with tumor lymph node metastasis （P〈0.01） and the VEGF expression was correlated with tumor differentiated degree （P〈0.05）, but there was no significant correlation among the Ang-2 and VEGF expression and patients＇ sex, age and TNM stages （all P〉0.05）. The MVD of OSCC positive for both Ang-2 and VEGF was significantly higher than that of OSCC negative for both Ang-2 and VEGF （P〈0.05）. The VMI of OSCC positive for Ang-2 was significantly lower than that of OSCC negative for Ang-2 （P〈0.05）. When Ang-2 expression was combined with the staus of VEGF expression, MVD of OSCC positive for both Ang-2 and VEGF was the highest （51.08±2.99） as compared with that of other status in patient with OSCC （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The overexpression of Ang-2 and VEGF may play a crucial role in the development of OSCC. They are closely associated with angiogenesis and vessel maturation of tumor.

Relationship between the Expression of E-cadherin and Microvessel Density in Lung Cancer and Its Significance

To study the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin andmicrovessel density (MVD) in lung cancer. Methods: The expression of E-cadherin and factor VIII wasdetected in 104 lung cancer tissues by an immunohistochemical method, and MVD was calculated by animage-analysis system. Results: The expression of E-cadherin was significantly related to thedifferentiation of lung cancers (P 【 0.05). A negative correlation was found between E-cadherinexpression and MVD in lung cancer tissues (P=0.047). Conclusion: Down-expression of E-cadherin andan increase of MVD may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer, and mayalso be used as a useful marker for tumor prognosis.

Correlative studies on uPA mRNA and uPAR mRNA expression with vascular endothelial growth factor, microvessel density, progression and survival time of patients with gastric cancer

AIM： To investigate the correlations between the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator （uPA） mRNA, uPA receptor （uPAR） mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein and clinicopathologic features, microvessel density （MVD） and survival time. METHODS： In situ hybridization and immuno-histochemistry techniques were used to study the expressions of uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA, VEGF and CD34 protein in 105 gastric carcinoma specimens. RESULTS： Expressions of uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA and VEGF protein were observed in 61 （58.1%） cases, 70 （66.7%） cases and 67 （63.8%） cases, respectively. The uPA mRNA and uPAR mRNA positive expression rates in infiltrating-type cases （73.7%, 75.4%）, stage Ⅲ- Ⅳ （72.1%, 75.4%）, vessel invasion （63.2%, 69.9%）, lymphatic metastasis （67.1%, 74.4%） and distant metastasis （88.1%, 85.7%） were significantly higher than those of the expanding-type （χ^2 = 15.57, P = 0.001; χ^2 = 6.91, P = 0.046）, stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ （χ^2 = 19.22, P = 0.001; χ^2 = 16.75, P = 0.001）, non-vessel invasion （χ^2 = 11.92, P = 0.006; χ^2 = 14.15, P = 0.002）, non- lymphatic metastasis （χ^2 = 28.41, P = 0.001; χ^2 = 22.5, P = 0.005） and non-distant metastasis （χ^2 = 12.32, P = 0.004; χ^2 = 17.42, P = 0.002; χ^2 = 11.25, P = 0.012; χ^2 = 18.12, P = 0.002）.The VEGF positive expression rates in infiltrating-type cases （75.4%）, stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ （88.5%）, vessel invasion （82.9%）, lymphatic metastasis （84.3%） and distant metastasis （95.2%） were significantly higher than those of the expanding-type （χ^2 = 9.61, P = 0.021）,stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ （χ^2 = 16.66, P = 0.001）, non-vessel invasion （χ^2 = 29.38, P = 0.001）, non-lymphatic metastasis （χ^2 = 18.68, P = 0.005）, and non-distant metastasis （χ^2 = 22.72, P = 0.007; χ^2 = 21.62, P = 0.004）. The mean MVD in the specimens positive for the uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA and VEGF protein was markedly higher than those with negative expression groups. Moreover, a positive relation between MVD and uPA mRNA （rs = 0.199, P = 0.042）, uPAR mRNA （rs = 0.278, P = 0.035）, and VEGF （rs = 0.398, P = 0.048） expressions was observed. The mean survival time in cases with positive uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA and VEGF protein expression or MVD value ≥54.9 was significantly shorter than those in cases with negative expression or MVD value 〈 54.9. CONCLUSION： uPA and uPAR expressions are correlated with enhanced VEGF-induced tumor angiogenesis and may play a role in invasion and nodal metastasis of gastric carcinoma, thereby serving as prognostic markers of gastric cancer.

Correlative studies on bFGF mRNA and MMP-9 mRNA expressions with microvascular density,progression, and prognosis of gastric carcinomas

AIM: To investigate the mRNA expressions of bFGF and MMP-9 in gastric carcinomas so as to reveal their correlations with tumor microvascular density (MVD), invasion, metastasis, and prognosis.METHODS: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expressions of bFGFmRNA and MMP-9mRNA and the proteins of CD34 in 105 specimens of gastric carcinomas.RESULTS: In situ hybridization study showed that positive rates of bFGF mRNA and MMP-9mRNA expressions were 60.95% and 59.19%; the mean MVD was 46.09±11.52 and 43.75±13.41, respectively in piece/0.72 mm2 in tumors with bFGFmRNA and MMP-9mRNA positive expressions,which were significantly higher than those with negative expression (29.41±12.47; 33.45±13.92 piece/0.72 mm2,respectively). The positive expression rates of bFGFmRNA and MMP-9mRNA were correlated to the tumor invasion depth (rs = 0.211, P= 0.031; rs = 0.335, P= 0.001), growing pattern (rs= 0.324, P= 0.001; rs= 0.267, P= 0.006), vessel invasion (rs = 0.579, P = 0.001; rs = 0.209, P = 0.032),lymph node metastasis (rs = 0.405, P = 0.001; rs= 0.343,P = 0.001) and distant metastasis (rs= 0.474, P = 0.001;rs = 0.468, P = 0.001), but not correlated to tumortype (rs= 0.134, P= 0.173; rs= 0.103, P= 0.145) anddifferentiations (rs = 0.096, P= 0.332; rs = 0.102, P= 0.298).The mean MVD was much higher in the tumors withinfiltrating growth at stage T3-T4, with vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis than those with expanding growth type (t = 10.105, P= 0.001) at stage T1-T2 (t = 5.961, P = 0.001), with non-vessel invasion (t= 7.394, P= 0.001), non-lymph node metastasis (t= 3.819, P= 0.01) and non-distant metastasis (t= 10.578, P = 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between MVD and the expressions of bFGFmRNA and MMP-9mRNA(t= 3.207, P= 0.002; t= 7.035, P= 0.001, respectively). The mean survival time and 5-year survival rate werelower in cases with MVD over 39.5 and the positive expressions of bFGFmRNA and MMP-9mRNA than those with MVD less than 39.5 and the negative expressions of bFGFmRNA and MMP-9mRNA.CONCLUSION: bFGF and MMP-9 promote the angiogenesis of the gastric cancers. Detection of the expressions of bF-GF and MMP-9 can serve as a useful index to determine the angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of gastric cancers.

Microvessel density is a prognostic marker of human gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate whether microvessel density (MVD) is related with prognosis in gastric cancer patients, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) so as to determine the possible role of COX-2 and VEGF in gastric cancer angiogenesis.METHODS: Forty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of gastric cancer were evaluated for COX-2, VEGF by immunohitochemical staining. To assess tumor angiogenesis, MVD was determined by immunohitochemical staining of endothelial protein factor Ⅷ-related antigen. The relationship among COX-2 and VEGF expression, MVD, and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 67 samples, high MVD was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Multivariate survival analysis showed that MVD value and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. The expression rate of COX-2 and VEGF was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues. COX-2 and VEGF expression in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation and depth of invasion, but not with survival. The mean MVD value of COX-2 or VEGF positive tumors was higher than that of COX-2 or VEGF negative tumors. A significant correlation was found between the expressions of COX-2and VEGF. CONCLUSION: MVD may be one of the important prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients. COX-2 and VEGF may play an important role in tumor progression by stimulating angiogenesis. VEGF might play a main role in the COX-2 angiogenic pathway. The inhibition of angiogenesis or COX-2, VEGF activity may have an important therapeutic benefit in the control of gastric cancer.

Localization of ANP-synthesizing cells in rat stomach

AIM: To study the morphological positive expression of antrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-synthesizing cells and ultrastructural localization and the relationship between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessel density in the stomach of rats and to analyze the distribution of the three histologically distinct regions of ANP-synthesizing cells. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we studied positive expression of ANP-synthesizing cells in rat stomach. A postembedding immunogold microscopy technique was used for ultrastructural localization of ANP-synthesizing cells. Microvessel density in the rat stomach was estimated using tannic acid-ferric chloride (TAFC) method staining. Distribution of ANP-synthesizing cells were studied in different regions of rat stomach histochemically. RESULTS: Positive expression of ANP-synthesizing cells were localized in the gastric mucosa of rats. Localization of ANP-synthesizing cells identified them to be enterochrochromaffin cells (EC) by using a postembedding immunogold electron microscopy technique. EC cells were in the basal third of the cardiac mucosa region. ANP-synthesizing cells existed in different regions of rat stomach and its density was largest in the gastric cardiac region, and the distribution order of ANP-synthesizing cells in density was cardiac region, pyloric region and fundic region in mucosa layer. We have also found a close relationship between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessel density in gastric mucosa of rats using TAFC staining. CONCLUSION: ANP-synthesizing cells are expressedin the gastric mucosa. EC synthesize ANP. There is a close relationship between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessel density in gastric mucosa of rats.The distribution density of ANP-synthesizing cells is largest in the gastric cardiac region.

Effect of intraarterial chemotherapy on vascular endothelial growth factor expression and microvessel density in carcinoma of the cervix

Objective: To clarify the effect of intraarterial chemotherapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expres- sion and microvessel density (MVD) count in carcinoma of the cervix. Methods: Before intraarterial chemotherapy and after 2–3 weeks of therapy, the expression of VEGF and MVD count in 36 carcinoma tissues of locally advanced cervical cancer were determined by CD34. Results: Before intraarterial chemotherapy and after 2–3 weeks, the expression of VEGF were 75% (27/36) and 30.6% (11/36) respectively, and MVD were reduced obviously (P<0.001). Conclusion:?The intraarterial chemotherapy can reduce the expression of VEGF and MVD, and adjust malignancy of cervical cancer, and cut down the postoperative metastasis.

The Inhibitory Effects of Arresten Protein on Tumor Formation

Objective To examine the inhibitory effects of recombinant purified arresten on tumor formation. Methods Purified arresten protein was incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HeLa cells in vitro. The effect on proliferation of HUVECs and HeLa cells was examined using 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay, and apoptosis of these cells monitored by flow cytometry. The effect on migration of HUVECs and HeLa cells was examined by Boyden chamber. Twenty colon carcinoma-bearing C67BL/6 mice were used to investigate the antitumor effects of arresten protein. The mice were randomly divided into arresten treatment group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The microvessel densities of the tumors were measured by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody. Results Arresten inhibited the proliferation and migration of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner while promoting apoptosis. However, arresten had no significant effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells. The migration of HeLa cells was modestly inhibited by arresten. The arresten treatment group of mice showed no weight loss or unusual behavior during the course of treatment, and the tumor growth was significantly decreased; in contrast, the control group of mice exhibited rapidly growing tumors and cachexia. A dramatically decreased microvessel density in tumor tissues was found in arresten-treated mice compared with that in the control mice. Conclusion Arresten can inhibit tumor growth through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

The relationship between matrix metalloproteinases-9 and CD15s antigen in angiogenesis of gastric carcinoma

Objective： To investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinases-9 （MMP-9） and sialyl Lewis X （CD15s） antigen in invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Methods： Expression of CD105, MMP-9 and CD15s in 47 cases of gastric carcinoma undergone radical surgery were evaluated by SP immunohistochemical staining using the respective monoclonal antibody. The microvessel density （MVD） marked with CD105 was detected. Correlation between MVD and MMP-9, CD15s was also statistically analyzed. Results： The MVD in both MMP-9 and CD15s positive expression group was higher significantly than that in MMP-9 or CD15s positive expression alone group, and it was also significantly higher than that in both MMP-9 and CD15s negative expression group. Conclusion： MMP-9 is a marker of invasion and CD15s is a marker of metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Combining detection of MMP-9 and CD15s has certain clinical significance for diagnosis, treatment and assessing the prognosis for gastric caner.

Expression of caveolin-1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with microvessel density

Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of caveolin-1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and its correlation with microvessel density (MVD).Methods:The expression of caveolin-1 was detected by the immunohistochemistry method,while the microvessel density was detected by the immunohistochemistry expression of CD34.Results:In the CCRCCs,the positive rate of caveolin-1 was 67.4%,the over expression of caveolin-1 was not related with sex and age,but related with clinicopathologic parameter,such as tumor sizes,clinical TMN stage,nuclear stage and survival time (P < 0.05).The MVD of positive caveolin-1 cases was significantly higher than that without caveolin-1 expression (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The expression of caveolin-1 is helpful in the prognostic evaluation of CCRCCs and it may be involved in the tumor angiogenesis.

EXPRESSION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-7 INVOLVING IN GROWTH, INVASION, METASTASIS AND ANGIOGENESIS OF GASTRIC CANCER

Objective. To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression in caricinogenesisand progression of gastric cancer.Methods. We studied MMP-7 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in adjacent mucosa and pri-mary foci of 113 cases of gastric cancer by streptavidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method using anti-MMP-7 and anti-CD34 antibodies. MMP-7 expression and mean MVD were compared with clinicopatholog-ical features of gastric cancer, with the relationship between MMP-7 expression and MVD concerned in gastric cancer.Results. MMP-7 showed positive expression in adjacent mucosa of gastric cancer (29.20%, 33/113),less than that in gastric cancer (69.03%, 78/113). MMP-7 expression in primary foci of gastric cancerwas positively correlated with tumor size, invasive depth, metastasis and TNM staging (P＜0.05), but notwith differentiation or growth pattern of gastric cancer (P＞0.05). Positive correlation of mean MVD withtumor size, invasive depth, metastasis and TNM staging was found (P＜0.05), despite no relationshipbetween mean MVD and differentiation of gastric cancer (P＞0.05). Mean MVD was dependent on MMP-7expression in gastric cancer (P＜0.05).Conclusion. Up-regulated expression of MMP-7 played an important role in carcinogenesis and pro-gression by participating in growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of gastric cancer. MMP-7 ex-pression could be regarded as an effective and objective marker to reflect the biological behaviors of gas-tric cancer.

Prognostic significance of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in gastric adenocarcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression of Erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (EpoR) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and the correlation with angiogenesis and clinicopathological features. METHODS: The expressions of Epo, EpoR and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as mi-crovessel density were evaluated in 172 GAC biopsies by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between these parameters and patient’s clinicopathological features were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The proportion of Epo and EpoR alterations in GAC was higher than that in adjacent normal mucosa (P = 0.035 and 0.030). Epo high-expression was associ-ated with EpoR high-expression, Lauren type, extensivelymph node metastasis and advanced stage of GAC (P = 0.018, 0.018, 0.004 and 0), while EpoR expression was linked with older age, World Health Organization type, extensive lymph node metastasis and advanced stage (P = 0.001, 0.013, 0.008 and 0.001). VEGF high expression was significantly correlated with EpoR low-expression, Lauren type, extensive lymph node metastasis and advanced stage (P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.007). The expression of Epo or EpoR was associated with microvessel density (P = 0.004 and 0.046). On multivariate analysis, only lymph node metastasis, abnormal Epo expression and tumor nodes metastases stage were independently associated with survival. In addition, a strong association with the immunohistochemical expression of EpoR and the angiogenic protein, VEGF, was noted. CONCLUSION: Increased expression of Epo and EpoR may play a signif icant role in the carcinogenesis, angiogenesis and progression of GAC. Epo may be an inde-pendent prognostic factor.

Dependablity study on near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen and microvessel density of mammary gland phyma

Objective:To detect the reliability of near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen of mammary gland phyma from the microvessel density of tumor.Methods:181 cases of mammary gland phyma who had accepted the examination of the near-infrared TBO-I dual-wave length mammary gland phyma detector were classified by near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen,and were performed the pathologic examination to ascertain whether the tumor was benign or malignant.Among these cases,intratumoral microvessel density of 20 cases of malignant phyma and 20 cases of benign phyma were confirmed by S-P immunohistochemical method,then the relationship between near-infrared parameters and microvessel density were analyzed by medical statistics.Results:(1)The microvessel density and blood concentration of 28 cases of the"high blood" tumor were 24.56±8.110 and 1.891±0.850 respectively.The microvessel density and blood concentration of 12 cases of the"low blood"tumor were 17.98±8.729 and 0.698±0.283 respectively.There was significant difference between the"high blood"and"low blood"tumors(P<0.05).(2)The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration were linearly correlated respectively,and the linear correlation coefficient r=0.4208(P<0.05)in 40 cases of mammary gland phyma. Conclusion:The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration of benign or malignant mammary gland phyma were linearly correlated.Blood concentration(one of near-infrared parameters)is reliable to be used as diagnosis criterion of malignant mammary gland phyma.