益气活血祛风对致敏大鼠血清IgE及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的:观察益气活血祛风类中药对致敏大鼠血清IgE、β-乳球蛋白含量及对肠黏膜影响。方法:采用卵白蛋白肌内注射联合腹腔注射百日咳疫苗方法致敏实验大鼠。根据经胃给药不同将实验组分为不同组,设阴性对照和空白对照。再次接触过敏原后用β-乳球蛋白灌胃,观察血清IgE水平和β-乳球蛋白的含量及肠黏膜病理改变。结果:益气活血祛风中药降低血清IgE和BLG,改善致敏大鼠肠黏膜通透性。结论:益气活血祛风中药有抗过敏和保护肠黏膜屏障功能。

Research on Extraction of Anti-allergic Active Ingredient from Citrus Peels and Its Anti-allergic Activity

[Objective] This study aimed to determine the optimal process conditions for extraction of anti-allergic active ingredient from citrus peels. [Method] Crude anti- allergic active extracts of citrus peels were extracted. Effects of extraction conditions including extraction temperature, ethanol concentration, extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio on extraction were explored with single-factor experiment, and the extrac- tion process was optimized with orthogonal experiment. [Result] Based on the single- factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimal extraction condition for crude anti-allergic active extracts of citrus peels were determined to be under extraction temperature of 60℃, ethanol concentration of 70%, extraction time of 60 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 1：25 and twice extraction. [Concluslon] This process condition is of simple operation and high extraction efficiency, which is environment-friendly and suitable for the extraction of crude anti-allergic active extracts from citrus peels. This study provided a new approach and research ideas for the effective and rapid extraction of anti-allergic active ingredient in citrus peels.

Avr/Cf Interaction Induce the Expression of Ptis, Genes Encoding Pto-interactors

Products of plant resistance ( R ) genes Pto and Cf contain distinct domains, and have different cellular localization. It is intriguing to compare the development mechanisms of resistance conferred by the two R genes. In the present report, two hypersensitive response (HR) initiation systems were employed to study the time_course expression induced by Avr / Cf interaction of the genes encoding Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 which interact directly with Pto: (1) Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) containing complementary gene pairs Avr 4/ Cf _4 and Avr 9/ Cf _9 were obtained through crossing. Their seedlings developed HR under room temperature. (2) Avr / Cf seedlings grew normally at 33 ℃. When the temperature was shifted down to 25 ℃, HR occurred within hours in the seedlings. Results of both experiments showed that expression of Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 was induced upon development of hypersensitive necrosis in Avr / Cf seedlings. However, the expression levels and patterns of these Pti s differed. This finding indicated that these Pti s function complementarily, and might be involved in regulation of both Pto and Cf _conferred resistance.

Combination of telomerase antisense oligonucleotides simultaneously targeting hTR and hTERT produces synergism of inhibition of telomerase activity and growth in human colon cancer cell line

AIM: To investigate synergism of inhibition of telomerase activity and proliferation of human colon cancer cells by combination of telomerase antisense oligonucleotides (ASODNs) simultaneously targeting human telomerase RNA (hTR) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in vitro. METHODS: ASODN of hTR and ASODN of hTERT were transfected into human colon cancer SW480 cells by liposomal transfection reagents. Telomerase activity of SW480 cells was examined using telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). Proliferation activity of SW480 cells was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The telomerase activity and cell survival rate in SW480 cells transfected with 0.2 μmol/L of ASODN of hTR or ASODN of hTERT for 24-72 h were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner compared with those after treatment with sense oligonucleotides and untreated (telomerase activity: 24 h, 73%, 74% vs99%, 98%; 48 h, 61%, 55% vs98%, 99%; 72 h, 41%, 37% vs 99%, 97%; P<0.01; cell survival rate: 24 h, 88%, 86% vs594%, 98%; 48 h, 49%, 47% vs94%, 97%; 72 h, 44%, 42% vs92%, 96%; P<0.01). Moreover, the telomerase activity and the cell survival rate in SW480 cells treated by the combination of telomerase anti-hTR and anti-hTERT were more significantly suppressed than single anti-hTR or anti-hTERT (telomerase activity: 24 h, 59% vs 73%, 74%; 48 h, 43% vs61%, 55%; 72 h, 18% vs41%, 37%; P<0.01; cell survival rate: 24 h, 64% vs88%, 86%; 48 h, 37% vs49%, 47%; 72 h, 25% vs44%, 42%; P<0.01). Meanwhile, the apoptosis rates in the combination group were markedly increased compared with those in the single group (24 h, 18.0% vs7.2%, 7.4%; 48 h, 23.0% vs13.0%, 14.0%; 72 h, 28.6% vs 13.2%, 13.75; P<0.01). Cells in combination group were arrested at G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSION: Telomerase anti-hRT and anti-hTERT suppress telomerase activity, and inhibit growth of human colon cancer cells probably via induction of apoptosis and retardation of cell cycle. Additionally, combined use of telomerase ASODNs targeting both hTR and hTERT yields synergistic action selective for human colon cancer.

The Anti-allergic Activity of Polyphenol Extracted from Five Marine Algae

Natural polyphenol has been widely believed to be effective in allergy remission. Currently, most of the natural poly- phenol products come from terrestrial sources such as tea, grape seeds among others, and few polyphenols have been developed from algae for their anti-allergic activity. The aim of the study was to screen some commercial seaweed for natural extracts with anti-al- lergic activity. Five algae including Laminaria japonica, Porphyra sp., Spirulina platensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scytosiphon sp were extracted with ethanol, and the extracts were evaluated for total polyphenol contents and anti-allergic activity with the hyalu- ronidase inhibition assay. Results showed that the total polyphenol contents in the ethanol extracts ranged from 1.67% to 8.47%, while the highest was found in the extract from Scytosiphon sp. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed that the extracts from Scyto- siphon sp. had the lowest IC50, 0.67 mg mL-1, while Chlorella pyrenoidosa extract had the highest IC50, 15.07 mg mL-1. The anti-allergic activity of Scytosiphon sp. extract was even higher than the typical anti-allergic drug Disodium Cromoglycate （DSCG） （IC50=1.13 mg mL-1）, and was similar with natural polyphenol from Epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） （IC50 = 0.56 mg mL-l）. These results indicated that the ethanol extract of Scytosiphon sp. contains a high concentration of polyphenol with high anti-allergic activ- ity. Potentially Scytosiphon sp. can be developed to a natural anti-allergic compound for allergy remission.

Food allergy in gastroenterologic diseases:Review of literature

Food allergy is a common and increasing problem worldwide. The newly-found knowledge might provide novel experimental strategies, especially for laboratory diagnosis. Approximately 20% of the population alters their diet for a perceived adverse reaction to food, but the application of double-blind placebo-controlled oral food challenge, the ＂gold standard＂ for diagnosis of food allergy, shows that questionnaire-based studies overestimate the prevalence of food allergies. The clinical disorders determined by adverse reactions to food can be dassified on the basis of immunologic or nonimmunologic mechanisms and the organ system or systems affected. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on clinical history, skin prick tests, and laboratory tests to detect serum-food specific IgE, elimination diets and challenges. The primary therapy for food allergy is to avoid the responsible food. Antihistamines might partially relieve oral allergy syndrome and IgE-mediated skin symptoms, but they do not block systemic reactions. Systemic corticosteroids are generally effective in treating chronic IgE-mediated disorders. Epinephrine is the mainstay of treatment for anaphylaxis. Experimental therapies for IgE-mediated food allergy have been evaluated, such as humanized IgG anti-IgE antibodies and allergen specific immunotherapy.

Alpha-picolinic acid,a fungal toxin and mammal apoptosis-inducing agent,elicits hypersensitive-like response and enhances disease resistance in rice

Alpha-picolinic acid (PA),a metabolite of tryptophan and an inducer of apoptosis in the animal cell,has been reported to be a toxin produced by some of plant fungal pathogens and used in screening for disease resistant mutants. Here,we report that PA is an efficient apoptosis agent triggering cell death of hypersensitive-like response in planta. Confirmed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS),rice suspension cells and leaves exhibited programmed cell death induced by PA. The PA-induced cell death was associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that could be blocked by diphenylene iodonium chloride,indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species was NADPHoxidase dependent. We also demonstrated the induction of rice defense-related genes and subsequent resistant enhancement by PA against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Hence,it was concluded that the PA-stimulated defense response likely involves the onset of the hypersensitive response in rice,which also provides a simple eliciting tool for studying apoptosis in the plant cell.

Acute cholestasis related to desloratidine

TO THE EDITORDesloratidine (Clarinex, Neoclarytin, Aerius, Azomyr, Opulis,Allex), the principal active metabolite of loratadine is itself a new oral antihistamine drug Its main indications are for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). The pharmacologic profile of desloratidine offers particular benefits, in terms of histamine H1-receptor binding potency and H1 selectivity. It has a half-life of 21-27 h, permitting a once-daily dose. No specific precautions are required with respect to its administration in renal or hepatic failure. No clinically relevant racial or gender variations in the disposition of desloratidine have been noted.We present here a clinical case of acute reversible idiosyncratic liver toxicity, related to its administration.

Hypersensitive syndrome reaction of antiepileptic drug: two case reports and literature review

Hypersensitivity syndrome reaction of antiepileptic drug （AED） can induce serious cutaneous, hematological and hepatic events. In severe cases, fulminant hepatic failure may necessitate liver transplantation, and most patients die due to the liver failure. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions, including Steven-Johnson syndrome （SJS）, toxic epidermal necrolysis （TEN） and hypersensitivity syndrome, are rare but life-threatening. Its morality rate is as high as 5%-50%. Accurate early diagnosis and timely treatment may contribute to decreased morality rate. In this paper, we reported cases of hypersensitive syndrome reaction to carbamazepine （CBZ） or phenobarbital （PB） in two patients with epilepsy. Clarification of the therapeutic process and the early manifestation of epilepsy may be helpful to improve the epilepsy therapy while avoiding the potential severe adverse cutaneous reactions of AED. The two reported cases highlighted that the therapeutic process of CBZ and PB might lead to the fatal allergic reaction, which was mainly caused by the absence of epoxide-hydroxylase and the defect of hepatocytes.

Anti-allergic effects of ethanol extracts from brown seaweeds

Ethanol extracts of brown seaweeds from Pakistan and China were isolated and compared for their antiallergenic activities. They included Sargassum tennerimum (ST) and Sargassum cervicorne (SC) from Pakistan, and Sargassum gramini- folium turn (SG), Sargassum thunbergii (STH), and Laminaria japonica (LJ) from China. The ethanol extracts of these brown seaweeds were optimized at 85% (v/v) ethanol for the maximum yield of phlorotannin, an inhibitor against hyaluronidase. Total phlorotannins contained in the crude extracts were measured as 1.71% (SG), 0.74% (STH), 0.97% (LJ), 3.30% (SC), and 5.06% (ST). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Pakistani SC and ST were 109.5 and 21 μg/ml, respectively, lower than those of Chinese SG, STH, and LJ (134, 269, and 148 μg/ml, respectively). An antiallergic drug, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), had an IC50=39 μg/ml, and a natural inhibitor of hyaluronidase, catechin, had an IC50=20 μg/ml. The IC50 of ST extract was found similar to that of catechin (21 vs 20 μg/ml) and lower than that of DSCG (21 vs 39 μg/ml). This suggests that ST is a potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase, indicating a promising future development of natural antiallergic medicines or functional foods.

Experimental study on anaphylaxis of Qingkailing injection and its components on Beagle dogs

OBJECTIVE:To study the anaphylaxis of Qingkailing injection(QI) and its components.METHODS:Experimental anaphylactoid and allergic reactions were used.Changes in the behaviors of Beagles and serum levels of histamine,immunoglobulin(Ig)E,IgG,IgM,eosinophil cationic protein(ECP),and interleukin(IL)-4,as well as blood pressure,after injecting QI and its components on the forelimb veins of Beagles were observed.RESULTS:According to comprehensive determination of abnormal behavior scores and changes in serum levels of histamine,IgE,IgG,IgM,ECP,and IL-4,as well as in blood pressure,radix isatidis and hyodeoxycholic acid caused anaphylactoid reactions,and honeysuckle,radix isatidis,hydrolysate,cholic acid and Gardenia jasminoides caused allergic reactions.The anaphylaxis of QI involved anaphylactoid and allergic reactions.CONCLUSION:QI and its components need to be refined further to improve the safety,efficacy,and quality of its use in clinical settings.

Progress in Study on Synergism and Detoxification of Chinese Medicine for Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoid(GC) plays an important role in anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic effects and immunosuppression,and has become a widely used drug in clinical departments.However,GC also produces a number of serious side effects at the same time.After GC acting on human body,the syndrome change has some regular pattern and it can be treated on the basis of syndrome differentiation and stage to aim at further improving therapeutic efficacy.The Chinese medicine can reduce the side effects of GC when treating the primary disease,thus plays a role in Synergism and Detoxification.

Correlation analysis of gene polymorphisms and β-lactam allergy

A total of 64 patients with β-lactam allergy and 30 control subjects were enrolled in a case-control study. This study is aimed to analyze the relationship between β-lactam allergy and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） in interleukin-10（IL-10）, IL-13, IL-4Rα, high-affinity immunoglobulin E-receptor β chain（FcεRIβ）, interferon γ receptor 2（IFNGR2）, and CYP3A4, and within the Han Chinese population of Northwest China. Genotyping for the SNPs was conducted using the Sequenom Mass ARRAY platform. SPSS 17.0 was employed to analyze the statistical data and SHEsis was used to perform the haplotype reconstruction and analyze linkage disequilibrium of SNPs of IL-10 and IL-13. The results showed that the genotype distribution of CYP3A4 rs2242480/CT differed significantly between case and control groups of males（P=0.022; odds ratio（OR）=0.167, 95% confidence interval（CI）： 0.032–0.867）. Further analysis showed that CCA, CCG, and TAA haplotypes of IL-10 had no significant correlation in patients with β-lactam allergy. The correlation between CCT and CAC haplotypes of IL-13 and β-lactam allergy needs to be further studied. The analysis did not reveal any differences in the distribution of others gene polymorphisms between cases and controls.