急性心肌梗死后延迟冠状动脉内支架植入治疗对左室结构和功能的影响

目的：评价急性心肌梗死（AMI）后延迟冠状动脉内支架植入治疗对左室结构和功能的影响。方法：选择60例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁ST段抬高的AMI后病情稳定，发病后7～14d，（平均10．2±2．5d），冠状动脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者，依据是否成功行冠状动脉内支架植入治疗，分为成功支架植入组和时照组，分剐于术前（心肌梗死后平均9．0±2．5d）和术后2个月，术后6个月应用超声心动图测量左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末容量指数（LVEDVI）、左心室收缩末期容量指数（LVESVI）和异常室壁运动积分指数（VWMA积分）。结果：AMI后2个月两组LVEF、LVEDVI、LVESVI、VWMA积分与术前比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。6个月时两组LVEF和VWMA积分与术前和术后2个月相比无显著差异（P〉0．05）。但对照组LVEDVI，LVESVI与术前比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），且与成功植入支架组相比差异显著（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论：急性前壁AMI后延迟冠状动脉内支架植入治疗能明显减少AMI后晚期的左心室重构，而对AMI后早期左心室重构的影响不大。

主动脉夹层StanfordA型主动脉弓置换加降主动脉支架植入术深低温体外循环麻醉处理

目的:探讨主动脉夹层StanfordA型主动脉弓置换加降主动脉支架植入术深低温体外循环麻醉处理的安全性及处理策略。方法:回顾分析28例行主动脉夹层StanfordA型主动脉弓置换加降主动脉支架植入术患者临床资料,资料显示麻醉方式为静脉复合麻醉+体外循环(深低温)+选择性脑灌注(或无脑灌注)。根据停止体外循环20min内和30min后有无脑灌流,将患者依次分为有灌流组和无灌流组。比较不同情况下,有灌流组和无灌流组患者的近期疗效。结果:低温组停止体外循环在20min以内的患者中,有脑灌注组在近期转归的各项观察指标上与无脑灌注组均无明显差异(P>0.05)。而根据停止循环超过30 min后脑灌流有无分组,两组的近期转归指标差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:主动脉夹层StanfordA型主动脉弓置换加降主动脉支架植入术的麻醉处理采用全静脉麻醉复合深低温下停循环,可以降低了停循环后对机体的不利影响,缩短停机时间,顺利完成手术。减少相关并发症,促进患者恢复。

症状性缺血性脑血管病支架置入的探讨

目的:探讨支架置入在症状性缺血性脑血管病中的应用。方法:对671例缺血性脑血管(脑动脉狭窄)的支架置入进行分析,其中锁骨下动脉支架置入57例,颈动脉支架置入496例,高颈动脉段及大脑中动脉支架置入39例(M_1段72例,M_2段3例)。基底动脉支架置入2例,大脑后动脉放置支架1例,椎动脉支架置入76例。结果:与术前相比,术后3月内患者症状得到明显改善359例,症状无明显变化44例,加重3例。其余无法随访。1例基底动脉支架置入后CT复查小脑有散在的出血,经治疗后康复。1例椎动脉V4段支架置入后患者出现闭锁综合征,4d后死亡。1例颈动脉支架置入球囊后扩张支架移位,内膜轻度撕裂,有血液外渗,经立即降血压及压迫止血10min后,渗血停止。3例大脑中动脉及1例颈内动脉C6段支架置入后出现出血,2例行手术治疗。存活留残。2例死亡。1例颈动脉支架术后出现同侧大面积脑梗,植物生存。结论:1脑血管支架置入创伤小、恢复快,病人几乎无痛苦。2效果明显,短期内症状得到明显改善。3脑血管支架置入存在风险,而且越往颅内风险越高。

冠心病患者PCI术后康复治疗的临床意义

目的:探讨康复治疗对冠心病冠脉支架植入术(PCI)后患者的临床意义。方法:92例患者,均行冠状动脉支架植入术,术后50例患者给予康复治疗,余42例为对照组,只给予药物治疗,观察12周。结果:康复治疗组血压、心率均下降,心绞痛症状发作减少或不发作,并发症及猝死率降低。结论:冠心病PCI术后患者有必要行康复治疗,积极康复运动对于改善不良情绪,减少并发症,提高生活质量有重要意义。

基层医院开展经桡动脉进行冠状动脉性心脏病介入的临床研究

冠心病是内科常见的心血管疾病,临床研究已经证实,冠状动脉造影术被认为是诊断冠心病的常用方法,冠状动脉球囊扩张（PTCA）和支架植入术（PCI）能明显改善冠心病患者的预后,提高其生活质量及生存率。过去此项技术往往主要在中心城市的三级医院开展,县乡和地市级较少开展,故可能延缓救治及增加患者经济负担。

Therapeutic effect of rotational atherectomy with implantation of drug eluting stent in heavily coronary calcified patients

Background Rotational atherectomy （RA） could facilitate the percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in heavily coronary calcified patients. The effectiveness and safety of this technique needs to be further evaluated. Methods ＆ Results Eighty patients who underwent RA in our center from September 2011 to June 2014 were enrolled. The mean age was 72.4 ± 10.4 years. The left ventricular ejection frac- tion （LVEF） was average 52.3% ± 8.48% and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was 73.2 ± 3.20 mL/min per 1.73 m2. The coronary lesions were complex, with Syntax score 29.5 ± 9.86. The diameter of reference vessel was 3.4 ± 0.45 mm and the average diameter stenosis of target vessels was 80% ~ 10%. All the patients were deployed with drug eluting stents （DES） successfully aiter RA. The patients were followed up for 12-18 months. Kaplan-Meier plots estimated the survival rate was 93.4% and the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events （MACCE） was 25.4%. Bleeding and procedural-related complications were quite low. COX proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis demonstrated that diabetes, LVEF and maximum pressure of postdilatation were the predictors of MACCE. Conclusions RA followed by implantation of DES was effective and safe for heavily coronary calcified patients. Diabetes, LVEF and maximum pressure ofpostdilatation were predictive for MACCE.

Prolonged high-pressure balloon angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions：Impact on stent implantation rate and mid-term outcome

Objectives To assess the impact on stent implantation rate and mid-term outcomes of prolonged high pressure angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 620 consecutive patients from January 2011 to December 2011 （75.6 ±12.3 years, 355 males, 76.5%in Rutherford class 5-6）, referred for critical limb ischemia and submitted to prolonged high-pressure angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions. The definition of prolonged high-pressure angioplasty includes dilation to at least 18 atm for at least 120 s. Proce-dural data, and clinical and instrumental follow-up were analyzed to assess stent implantation rate and mid-term outcomes. Results The preferred approach was ipsilateral femoral antegrade in 433/620 patients （69.7%） and contralateral cross-over in 164/620 （26.4%） and pop-liteal retrograde＋femoral antegrade in 23/620 （3.7%）. Techniques included subintimal angioplasty in 427/620 patients （68.8%） and endolu-minal angioplasty in 193/620 patients （31.2%）. The prolonged high pressure balloon angioplasty procedure was successful in 86.2%（minor intra-procedural complications rate 15.7%）, stent implantation was performed in 74 patients （11.9%）, with a significant improvement of ankle-brachial index （0.29 ±0.6 vs. 0.88 ±0.3, P〈0.01） and Rutherford class （5.3 ±0.8 vs. 0.7 ±1.9, P〈0.01）, a primary patency rate of 86.7%, restenosis of 18.6%on Doppler ultrasound and a target lesion revascularization of 14.8%at a mean follow-up of 18.1 ±6.4 months （range 1-24 months）. Secondary patency rate was 87.7%. Conclusions Prolonged high pressure angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions appears to be safe and effective allowing for an acceptable patency and restenosis rates on mid-term.

Cutting-balloon angioplasty before drug-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of severely calcified coronary lesions

Background Severely calcified coronary lesions respond poorly to balloon angioplasty, resulting in incomplete and asymmetrical stent expansion. Therefore, adequate plaque modification prior to drug-eluting stent （DES） implantation is the key for calcified lesion treat- ment. This study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cutting balloon angioplasty for severely calcified coronary lesions. Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients with severely calcified lesions （defined as calcium arc 〉 180% calcium length ratio 〉 0.5） treated with bal- loon dilatation before DES implantation were randomly divided into two groups based on the balloon type： 45 patients in the conventional balloon angioplasty （BA） group and 47 patients in the cutting balloon angioplasty （CB） group. Seven cases in BA group did not satisfactorily achieve dilatation and were transferred into the CB group. Intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） was performed before balloon dilatation and after stent implantation to obtain qualitative and quantitative lesion characteristics and evaluate the stent, including minimum lumen cross-sectional area （CSA）, calcified arc and length, minimum stent CSA, stent apposition, stent symmetry, stent expansion, vessel dissection, and branch vessel jail. In-hospital, 1-month, and 6-month major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were reported. Results There were no statistical differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups, including calcium arc （222.2° ± 22.2° vs. 235.0° ± 22.1 °, p=0.570）, calcium length ratio （0.67 ± 0.06 vs. 0.77± 0.05, P = 0.130）, and minimum lumen CSA before PCI （2.59 ±0.08 mm2 vs. 2.52 ± 0.08 mm2, P = 0.550）. After stent implantation, the final minimum stent CSA （6.26 ± 0.40 mm2 vs. 5.03 ± 0.33 mm2; P = 0.031） and acute lumen gain （3.74 ±0.38 mm2 w. 2.44 ± 0.29 mm2, P = 0.015） were significantly larger ila the CB group than that of the BA group. There were not statis tically differences in stent expansion, stent symmetry, incomplete stent apposition, vessel dissection and branch vessel jail between two groups. The 30-day and 6-month MACE rates were also not different. Conclusions Cutting balloon angioplasty before DES implantation in severely calcified lesions appears to be more efficacies including significantly larger final stent CSA and larger acute lumen gain, without increasing complications during operations and the MACE rate in 6-month.

Long-term follow-up study of elderly patients with covered stent implantation after coronary perforation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term efficacy of covered stent implantation in the treatment of elderly patients with coronary perforation while undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.MethodsFrom June 2004 to June 2012, our center has followed ten elderly patients （age≥ 60 years） who sustained coronary perforation during PCI. The major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were observed as well. The patients were advised to take 75 mg/day Clopidogrel for two years, and indefinite use of 100 mg/day enteric-coated aspirin.ResultsSix out of the 10 patients aged from 60 to 76 years old （mean 68.6 ± 5.2 years） were male, four were female. The average diameter of the implanted stents was 3.3 ± 0.3 mm, and the average length was 22.1 ± 3.7 mm. All the ruptures were successfully sealed without intra-procedural death. The follow-up duration ranged from 0.6 to 67 months （mean 31.7 ± 24.5 months）. One patient died of multiple organ failure due to lung infection in 19 days after PCI; one died of cardiac sudden death in 13 months after PCI; one had angina pectoris in 53 months after PCI; one underwent multi-slice CT examination in six months after PCI, and no in-stent restenosis was found. The other four patients received angiography follow-up, and the results showed that three patients had no intra-stent restenosis, while one had left anterior descending （LAD） restenosis in the covered stent in 67 months after PCI. The in-hospital mortality was 10% （1/10）. The MACE rate in 12 months after PCI was 10% （1/10）. During the entire followed-up period, the restenosis rate in target vessels was 20% （1/5）, mortality was 20% （2/10）, and the MACE rate was 40% （4/10）.ConclusionTreatment of coronary perforation by using covered stents can achieve favorable long-term results; a two-year dual antiplatelet therapy （DAPT） after PCI can effectively prevent intra-stent thrombosis.

Primary intracoronary stenting in comparison with intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis plus rescue intracoronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: To compare primary stenting in the infarct-related coronary artery with intravenous rt-PA therapy plus rescue intracoronary stenting. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were randomly treated with primary intracoronary stenting (primary stenting group) or with intravenous rt-PA therapy plus rescue intracoronary stenting (thrombolysis plus stenting group). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade was assessed by angiography in emergency, and cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) was calculated by echocardiography before discharge between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 47 patients (97.91%) in primary stenting group and 50 patients (100%) in thrombolysis plus stenting group had achieved TIMI grade 2 - 3 flow after the procedure. But the former had more cases (93.8%) of TIMI 3 flow than that of latter (60.0%, P = 0.0001). There was no difference between the two groups in cardiac events during hospitalization. But the patients in primary stenting group had better cardiac function (LVEF 0.62 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.12, respectively, P = 0.0001) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Primary intracoronary stenting may improve myocardial reperfusion in emergency and inhibit the decline of cardiac function after AMI in comparison with intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis plus rescue intracoronary stenting.

Retrospective analysis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary stenting

Objective To examine long term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA),coronary stenting and to assess the factors affecting its efficacy Methods A total of 790 patients who underwent successful PTCA and PTCA+stent in this hospital were followed by direct interview or letter The rate of follow up was 84 2% and the period of follow up was 0 9-12 7 (3 5±2 4) years Results During follow up, 4 (0 5%) patients died, 22 (2 8%) had nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, 10 (1 3%) had coronary artery bypass surgery, and 98 (12 4%) had repeat PTCA The rate of recurrent angina pectoris was 31 1% The cardiac event free survival rate calculated by the Kaplan Meier method was 88 2% at 1 year and 80 6% at 12 7 years Cox regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between AMI history, stent implantation and the risk of cardiac events, and there was a negative correlation between the number of diseased arteries and the risk of cardiac events Compared to the PTCA group, patients with PTCA+stent had significantly lower rates of total cardiac events Conclusion The long term efficacy of PTCA, especially PTCA + stent in Chinese patients was very satisfactory, suggesting that PTCA+stent therapy should be the major treatment for revascularization in patients with coronary heart disease

Elevated high sensitive C-reactive protein and apelin levels after percutaneous coronary intervention and drug-eluting stent implantation

Objective:Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) triggers an acute inflammatory response,while sirolimus is known to have anti-inflammatory properties;the inflammatory system response to PCI after sirolimus-eluting stent placement remains unclear.The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and apelin after PCI procedure and drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with and without reduced left ventricular systolic function.Methods:Forty-eight consecutive patients undergoing PCI at the Beijing Anzhen Hospital between July and September 2006 were recruited.Sirolimus-eluting stents were employed in all patients.Blood samples were drawn immediately before and 24 h after the procedure.Plasma hs-CRP and apelin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results:Paired t-test revealed a significant increase in both hs-CRP and apelin post-procedure(P=0.006 and P<0.0001,respectively).Patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) had significantly lower baseline apelin levels compared to those with normal ventricular function [(46.8±10.8) vs.(72.0±8.4) pg/ml,P<0.001].However,apelin increased to a level similar to the level of those with normal left ventricular systolic function 24 h after the PCI procedure [(86.7±11.6) vs.(85.1±6.1) pg/ml,P=0.72].Conclusions:hs-CRP and apelin levels increased after PCI and sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.Patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function had significantly lower baseline apelin levels,which increased significantly after PCI.

The effect of spironolactone on the levels of GATA4 protein and hypoxia inducible factor-1α in patients receiving coronary stent implantation

In the present study,we aimed to explore the protective effect of spironolactone on cardiac function in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation by determining the serum levels of GATA4 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)proteins before and after the coronary stent implantation.A total of 134 patients undergoing coronary stent implantation in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2020 were retrospectively selected using the propensity score matching(PSM)method.Of the 134 patients,67 patients taking spironolactone were used as a test group,and the other 67 patients without taking spironolactone were used as a control group.In all patients,the levels of serum GATA4,HIF-1α,and troponin I proteins were determined before as well as 24 h and 6 months after the coronary stent implantation.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular systolic global longitudinal strain(GLS)were determined before and 6 months after the coronary stent implantation.There were no significant differences in the HIF-1αlevel between the two groups before and 6 months after the operation,while the HIF-1αlevel was significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group at 24 h after the operation(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the GATA4 protein level between the two groups before and 24 h after the operation,while the GATA4 protein level was significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group at 6 months after the operation(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in LVEF between the two groups before and 6 months after the operation.GLS was significantly improved at 6 months after the operation compared with that before the operation in both groups,while GLS was significantly better in the test group compared with the control group at 6 months after the operation(P<0.01).Collectively,spironolactone could protect cardiac function probably by improving myocardial hypoxia and inhibiting myocardial remodeling.