醒脑静注射液治疗高原脑病的临床观察

目的:观察中成药醒脑静注射液在急性高原病的应用价值。方法:选择我院住院急性高原病重型-高原脑病21例病例静脉注射醒脑静注射液(治疗组)与既往住院同类病例22例(对照组)进行回顾性分析。结果:治疗组好转率高,住院时间短,死亡率低。结论:醒脑静注射液治疗高原脑病有一定临床价值,值得推广。

Identification of the Pathogen of Alternaria Leaf Spot in Sorghum

[Objective] we aimed to provide a basis for the prevention of Alternaria leaf spot in sorghum. [Method] One kind of pathogen of leaf spot in sorghum was isolated and identified. [Result] The pathogen grew quickly on PDA plates. The aeri- al hyphae of the pathogen had white edge and green-grey center. The conidia were, brown and connected into a chain. The shape of conidia was nearly cylindrical or inverted clavate. The conidia had 2-7 diaphragms and 0-4 longitudinal septa. It was identified as Alternaria fungus, [Conclusion] The leaves of sorghum were sus- ceptible to leaf spot. So the infection and healing process and pathogenic mecha- nism of leaf spot were needed to study further.

Ascent schedules,acute altitude illness,and altitude acclimatization:Observations on the Yushu Earthquake

During the Yushu Earthquake on April 14,2010,a large number of rescuers from sea level or lowlands ascended to the quake areas very rapidly or rapidly less than 24 h. However,Yushu Earthquake is the highest quake in the world at altitudes between 3 750 m and 4 878 m where is a serious hypoxic environment. A high incidence of acute altitude illness was found in the unacclimatized rescuers;the mountain rescue operation changed as "rescue the rescuers". Lesson from the Yushu Earthquake is that the occurrence of acute altitude illness may be closely related to the ascent schedules. This prompted us to study the relationship between ascent rate and the incidence and severity of acute altitude illness;five different groups were compared. The first group was 42 sea level male young soldiers who ascended to quake area very rapidly within 8 h at 4 000 m;the second group was 48 sea level male young soldiers who ascended to 4 000 m rapidly less than 18 h;the third group was 66 acclimatized medical workers from 2 261 m who ascended to 4 000 m rapidly within 12 h;the fourth group was 56 Tibetan medical workers from 2 800 m who ascended to 4 000 m rapidly within 8 h;the fifth group was 50 male sea level workers who ascended to 4 000 m gradually over a period of 4 d. The results showed that the sea level rescuers ascended to 4 000 m very rapidly or rapidly had the highest incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) with the greatest AMS scores and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2);the sea level workers ascended to 4 000 m gradually had moderate incidence of AMS with moderate AMS scores and SaO2 values;whereas the acclimatized and adapted rescuers had the lowest incidence of AMS,lowest AMS scores and higher SaO2;especially none AMS occurred in Tibetan rescuers. AMS score is inversely related to the ascent rate (r=-0.24,p< 0.001). Additionally,acute altitude illness is significantly influenced by altitude acclimatization. The ascent rate is inversely re- lated to the period of altitude acclimatization whereas the time of perfect recovered from AMS is positively correlated to the time taken to acclimatize. Generally,the best means of preventing acute altitude illness is slow and gradual ascent to high altitude,as this allows time for establishing altitude acclimatization and tolerance to the hypoxic environment. However,during an emergency circumstance,such as mountain rescue operation,the rescuers must rapidly ascend to high altitude,so a series of preventive strategies including pre-acclimatization,using some prophylactic drugs and oxygen supplementary are sorely necessary.

Ataxia,acute mountain sickness,and high altitude cerebral edema

Previous investigations suggest that ataxia is common and often one of the most reliable warning signs of high altitude cerebral edema(HACE). The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic role of ataxia in acute mountain sickness(AMS)and HACE among mountain rescuers on the quake areas,and in approaching the relation between AMS and HACE. After the earthquake on April 14,2010,approximately 24 080 lowland rescuers were rapidly transported from sea level or lowlands to the mountainous rescue sites at 3 750 ~ 4 568 m,and extremely hardly worked for an emergency treatment after arrival. Assessments of acute altitude illness on the quake areas were using the Lake Louise Scoring System. 73 % of the rescuers were found to be developed AMS. The incidence of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)and HACE was 0.73 % and 0.26 %,respectively,on the second to third day at altitude. Ataxia sign was measured by simple tests of coordination including a modified Romberg test. The clinical features of 62 patients with HACE were analyzed. It was found that the most frequent,serious neurological symptoms and signs were altered mental status(50/62,80.6 %)and truncal ataxia(47/62,75.8 %). Mental status change was rated slightly higher than ataxia,but ataxia occurred earlier than mental status change and other symptoms. The earliest sign of ataxia was a vague unsteadiness of gait,which may be present alone in association with or without AMS. Advanced ataxia was correlated with the AMS scores,but mild ataxia did not correlate with AMS scores at altitudes of 3 750~4 568 m. Of them,14 patients were further examined by computerized tomographic scanning of the brain and cerebral magnetic resonance imagines were examined in another 15 cases. These imaging studies indicated that the presence of the cerebral edema was in 97 % of cases who were clinically diagnosed as HACE(28/29). Ataxia seems to be a reliable sign of advanced AMS or HACE,so does altered mental status.

Subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema: A clinical observation of 12 cases in Yushu

During the Yushu Earthquake on April 14,2010,a high incidence of acute high altitude illness was observed in the mountain rescuers,and 0.73 % of these patients suffered from high altitude pulmonary edema,of which 12 patients developed subclinical pulmonary edema and concomitantly contracted acute mountain sickness. Symptoms and signs were atypically high heart rate with high respiratory rate,striking cyanosis,and significantly low oxygen saturation,whereas no moist rates were heard on auscultation,and Chest X-ray showed peripheral with a patchy distribution of mottled infiltrations in one or both lung fields. We believe that subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema is an earliest stage of pulmonary edema at high altitude. The possible pathogenesis and the diagnosis were discussed.

Rong Shuan Jiao Nang in the treatment of acute mountain sickness and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in Yushu

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rong Shuan Jiao Nang （RSJN） on treatment of acute mountain sickness （AMS） and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in workers in Yushu, three groups were studied： group A （60 patients with AMS, given RSJN）, group B （15 patients with altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome, given RSJN）, and group C （control, without drugs）. All studied subjects were lowland workers who were first time entry to Yushu for work at an altitude of 4 250 m. During the course of treatment, a routing physical examina- tion was performed, AMS Lake Louise Scores were estimated, arterial oxygen saturation （SaO2）, electrocardiography and hemoglobin concentration were measured before and after using RSJN for 10 days. In group A, the effective rate was 68 %, symptomatic improvement in 54 cases （90 %） within 5 days. In group B, the effective rate was 93 %, episodes of angina pectoris stopped in 12 patients within 3 - 7 days, one lasted 8 days. After treatment, the level of SaO2 increased 15.5 %, 21.8 % and 5.6 % in group A, group B and group C, respectively. RSJN tak- en at the start of the arrival at Yushu can decrease AMS scores and facilitate cure. If taken after the illness has begun, RSJN may help lessen symptoms, especially effectively improved angina pectoris of the high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome. Symptoms usually subside after 3 - 8 days. RSJN should be continually used lbr at least 7 days after ascent.

ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF POLYMORPHISMS OF ACE GENE AND AGT GENE WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IN CHINESE HAN'S POPULATION

Objective. To investigate whether the polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene are associated with essential hypertension. Methods. A case-control study was carried out using 103 hypertensive (HT) and 131 normotensive (NT) subjects. The insertion/deletion(I / D ) polymorphism of the ACE gene and the methionine→threo- nine variant at position 235 (M235T) of the AGT gene were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) analysis, respective- ly. Results. The differences of D allele frequency and genotype distribution of the ACE gene between NT and HT groups were statistically significant (X^2=18.12, P<0. 005 ). The T235 allele frequency of the AGT gene was 69% in NT Chinese group (approximately 1. 38 to l. 64 fold that in Caucasians), and was greater in female HT than in NT (0. 82 vs 0. 72, X^2= 8. l, P<0. 025). A correlation between M235T molecular variant of the AGT gene and I/D molecular variant of ACE gene to hypertension was found. Cbeclusions. The possession of D allele of the ACE gene might be a marker for predisposition to hyper- tension. The T235 allele of the AGT gene was more common in Chinese than in Caucasians, and might contribute to the risk for hypertension in female Chinese.

Study on the Effect of Simvastatin on Left Ventricular Mass and Endothelial Function and the Relationship between Their Changes in the Patients with Essential Hypertension

Objective:To study the effect of Simvastatin on the left ventricular mass and endothelial function and to investigate the relationship between their changes in the patients with essential hypertension(EH). Methods: 50 patients with hypertension without severe complication were divided into two groups in a randomized,controlled and single blind trial.Group I(n=25)were given Simvastatin and hydragogue for 12 weeks while Group Ⅱ were given hydragogue during the same time.We detected the left ventricular mass and the brachial artery dilatation induced by reactive hyperemia(DIRH)or nitroglycerin(DING)respectively with ultrasonography in all patients before and after treatment.25 normal subjects without any treatment were taken as the control. Results:The left ventricular mass index(LVMI)was higher in the two groups of patients[(133.61±31.02)g/m 2;(118.04±39.62)g/m 2]than that in the control(88.79±22.73)g/m 2 before treatment(P<0.01,0.000 1,respectively)while the blood pressure was higher.The DIRH was lower in the two groups of patients(5.93±2.24)%;(6.54±3.16)%than that in the control(13.09±2.99)%,P<0.000 1.There was no significantly differences in age,serum concentrations of total cholesterol,triglyceride,sugar,blood pressure or the DING between two groups of patients and the control(P>0.05).And there was no significant difference in the all variables between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ before treatment.After treatment the LVMI decreased[(133.61±31.02)g/m 2 VS(91.07±16.01)g/m 2,P<0.01]and the DTRH increased[(5.93±2.24)% VS(13.53±2.38)%,P<0.01]in the patients of group Ⅰ while there was no significant change in LVMI and DIRH in the patients of group Ⅱ.The blood pressure in the two groups of patients was decreased to the normal.Compared with group Ⅱ,the changes of LVMI and DIRH was higher in patients of group Ⅰ though the serum concentrations of total cholesterol,triglyceride or sugar were not significantly different.No significant change in serum concentrations oftotal cholesterol,triglyceride or sugar was found during treatment in the two groups of patients.Analysis showed that the LVMI correlated with DIRH and the change of LVMI correlated better with the change of DIRH(r=-0.56;0.69,P<0.000 1,respectly). Conclusions: The increase of left ventricular mass was related with endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension.Being independent of the changes of serum concentrations of total cholesterol,triglyceride or sugar and blood pressure,Simvastatin could inhibit the increase of left ventricular mass and improve endothelial function.

Maize Seeds Submitted to Thermotherapy and Analyzed by Dynamic Speckle

The quality of the seeds used for sowing is fundamental for a high productivity and quality of the crop. Therefore, eradicating pathogens is essential for the plant to develop in the best possible way. The eradication of those pathogens can be accomplished by means of treatments that consist of the application of substances to the seeds or by performing physical procedures. Thermotherapy is a physical treatment, in which the seed is exposed to a given thermal energy, such as heated air or steam, and can be highly efficient for controlling those pathogens, in addition to reducing environmental damage and costs. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thermotherapy in two ways： wet heat （water） and dry heat （water vapor）, both at 60 °C, alternating the exposure time to the thermal sources. The treatment with humid heat with a time of exposure of 5 min was the most efficient, since it presented higher germination percentages （83%） and less occurrence of Fusarium sp. （33%）. It was observed that the most efficient thermotherapy is in the control of Fusarium, the most aggressive is for the quality of the seed. The quality of the treatments was evaluated through standard methodologies, according to the rules for seed analysis, such as germination and sanitation tests. Biospeckle laser was used to identify the microbial activity in these seeds, through activity maps generated by laser speckle contrast analysis （LASCA） processing. In this way, the research involving thermotherapy can be done by varying the temperature and the time of exposure to obtain values that considerably reduce the pathogenic agents and preserve the quality, in order to maintain the values of germination and vigor acceptable for commercialization.

Serum adiponectin concentrations in patients with essential hypertension

Objective: To explore the serum levels of adiponectin in patients with essential hypertension and the relation between adiponectin and blood pressure. Methods: Forty-five cases with essential hypertension and 43 healthy control subjects have been taken fasting blood samples for measurements of plasma glucose, plasma lipids, insulin, C-peptide, thyroid hormones, TNF-α, leptin and adiponectin. Glucose tolerance was assessed by 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The concentrations of adiponectin in cases with essential hypertension were significantly lower than those in the control group (4.15 ± 1.99 vs 7.04 ± 3.13 mg/ml, P = 0.000). Pearson relation analysis showed that serum adiponectin concentrations were negatively and significantly correlated with body-mass index ( r = - 0. 274, P = 0. 038), total cholesterol (r= -0.257, P = 0.048)in control groups, while adiponectin concentrations were negatively and significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = - 0.356, P = 0.016), triglyceride ( r = - 0.367, P = 0.013), tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( r = -0.298, P = 0.047) and triiodothyronine( r = -0.317, P = 0.034) in essential hypertension group. Multiple regression analysis showed that body-mass index was the independent factor to adiponectin levels, and SBP and TNF-αwere adiponectin independent factors in the essential hypertension group. Conclusion: The serum adiponectin concentrations are significant lower in patients with essential hypertension, and there is negative and significantly correlation between adiponectin and blood pressure.

Partner's Sexual Behaviora are an Important Risk Factor for Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection among STD Patients

Risk factors for genitourinary Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection were investigated using an STD elative risk factor questionnaire among 176 patients and theirregular sexual partners. Twenty-four independent variableswere selected for analysis, nine of which were confirmed asfactors associated with C. trachomatis. Four of the nine factorswere significantly correlated to infection using a multifactorialunconditional logistic regression model which included: levelof education (odds ratios [ORs]: 2.144 for below junior middleschool), number of sexual partners (ORs: 4.503 for≥5),number of regular partner's sexual partner (ORs: 16.333 for≥5), STD history of regular partner (ORs: 18.417 for theirSTD history). These data demonstrate that regular partner'ssexual behaviors are also an important risk factor for Ctinfection among STD clinic clients.