Local excision of early rectal cancer: A multi-centre experience of transanal endoscopic microsurgery from the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excision remains the gold standard for the management of rectal cancer however local excision of early rectal cancer is gaining popularity due to lower morbidity and higher acceptance by the elderly and frail patients.AIM To investigate the results of local excision of rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEMS)approach carried out at three large cancer centers in the United Kingdom.METHODS TEMS database was retrospectively reviewed to assess demographics,operative findings and post operative clinical and oncological outcomes.This is a retro-spective review of the prospective databases,which included all patients operated with TEMS approach,for early rectal cancer(Node-negative T1-T2),selected T3 in unfit/frail patients.RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-two patients underwent TEMS surgery.This included 144 males(64.9%)and 78 females(35.1%),Median age was 71 years.The median distance of the tumours from the anal verge 4.5 cm.Median tumour size was 2.6 cm.The most frequent operative position of the patient was lithotomy(32.3%),Full-thickness rectal wall excision was done in 204 patients.Median operating time was 90 minutes.Average blood loss was minimal.There were two 90-day mortalities.Complete excision of the tumour with free microscopic margins by>1mm were accomplished in 171 patients(76.7%).Salvage total mesorectal excision was performed in 42 patients(19.8%).Median disease-free survival was 65 months(range:3-146 months)(82.8%),and median overall survival was 59 months(0-146 months).CONCLUSION TEMS provides a promising option for early rectal cancers(Large adenomas-cT1/cT2N0),and selected therapy-responding cancers.Full-thickness complete excision of the tumour is mandatory to avoid jeopardising the oncological outcomes.

Trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery for non- adenomatous rectal lesions

BACKGROUND Trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM)enables a good visualization of the surgical field and is considered the method of choice for excision of adenomas and early T1 rectal cancer.The rectum and retro-rectal space might be the origin of uncommon neoplasms,benign and aggressive,certain require radical trans-abdominal surgery,while others can be treated by a less aggressive approach.In this study we report outcomes in patients undergoing TEM for rare and non-adenomatous rectal and retro-rectal lesions over a period of 11 years.METHODS Between January 2008 to December 2019 a retrospective analysis was completed for all patients who underwent TEM for non-adenomatous rectal lesion or retro-rectal mass in our institution.Patients were discharged once diet was well tolerated and no complications were identified.They were evaluated at 3 wk post operatively,then at 3-mo intervals for the first 2 years and every 6 mo depending on the nature of the final pathology.Clinical examination and rectoscopy were performed during each of the follow-up visits.RESULTS Out of 198 patients who underwent TEM during the study period,18 had non-adenomatous rectal or retro-rectal lesions.Mean age was 47 years.The mean size of the lesions was 2.9 mm,with a mean distance from the anal margin of 7.9 cm.Mean surgical time was 97.8 min.There were no intra-operative neither late post-operative complications.Mean length of stay was 2.5 d.Mean patient follow-up duration was 42 mo.CONCLUSION TEM allows for reduced morbidity given its minimally invasive nature.Surgeons should be familiar with the technique but careful patient selection should be considered.It can be used safely for uncommon rectal and selected retro-rectal lesions without compromising outcomes.We believe that it should be reasonably considered as one of the surgical methods when treating rare lesions.

Excision of malignant and pre-malignant rectal lesions by transanal endoscopic microsurgery in patients under 50 years of age

BACKGROUND The most common technique for treating benign and early malignant rectal lesions is transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM).Local excision is an acceptable technique for high-risk and elderly patients,but there are hardly any data regarding young patients.AIM To describe TEM outcomes in patients under 50 years of age.METHODS We collected demographic,clinical,and pathological data from all patients under the age of 50 years who underwent the TEM procedure at Hasharon Rabin Medical Center from January 2005 to December 2018.RESULTS During the study period,a total of 26 patients under the age of 50 years underwent TEM procedures.Their mean age was 43.3 years.Eleven(42.0%)were male.The mean operative time was 67 min,and the mean tumor size was 2.39 cm,with a mean anal verge distance of 8.50 cm.No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded.The median length of stay was 2 d.Seven(26.9%)lesions were adenomas with low-grade dysplasia,four(15.4%)were high-grade dysplasia adenomas,two were T1 carcinomas(7.8%),and three were T2 carcinomas(11.5%).No residual disease was found following endoscopic polypectomy in two patients(7.8%),but four(15.4%)had other pathologies.Surgical margins were negative in all cases.Local recurrence was detected in one patient 33 mo following surgery.CONCLUSION Among young adult patients,TEM for benign rectal lesions has excellent outcomes.It may also offer a balance between the efficacy of complete oncologic resection and postoperative quality of life in the treatment of rectal cancer.In some cases,it may be considered an alternative to radical surgery.

Full-thickness excision using transanal endoscopic microsurgery for treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors

AIM:To assess the efficacy of full-thickness excision using transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) in the treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors.METHODS:We analyzed the data of all rectal neuroendocrine tumor patients who underwent local full-thickness excision using TEM between December 2006 and December 2014 at our department. Data collected included patient demographics,tumor characteristics,operative details,postoperative outcomes,pathologic findings,and follow-ups. RESULTS:Full-thickness excision using TEM was performed as a primary excision(n = 38) or as complete surgery after incomplete resection by endoscopic polypectomy(n = 21). The mean size of a primary tumor was 0.96 ± 0.21 cm,and the mean distance of the tumor from the anal verge was 8.4 ± 1.4 cm. The mean duration of the operation was 57.6 ± 13.7 min,and the mean blood loss was 13.5 ± 6.6 m L. No minor morbidities,transient fecal incontinence,or wound dehiscence was found. Histopathologically,all tumors showed typical histology without lymphatic or vessel infiltration,and both deep and lateral surgical margins were completely free of tumors. Among 21 cases of complete surgery after endoscopic polypectomy,9 were histologically shown to have a residual tumor in the specimens obtained by TEM. No additional radical surgery was performed. Norecurrence was noted during the median of 3 years' follow-up.CONCLUSION:Full-thickness excision using TEM could be a first surgical option for complete removal of upper small rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery as optimal option in treatment of rare rectal lesions:a single centre experience

AIM To analyze the outcomes of transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) in the treatment of rare rectal condition like mesenchymal tumors, condylomas, endometriosis and melanoma. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a twenty-three years database. Fifty-two patients were enrolled in this study. The lesions were considered suitable for TEM if they were within 20 cm from the anus. All of them underwent an accurate preoperative workup consisting in clinical examination, total colonoscopy with biopsies, endoscopic ultrasonography, and pelvic computerized tomography or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Operative time, intraoperative complications, rate of conversion, tumor size, postoperative morbidity, mortality, the length of hospital stay, local and distant recurrence were analyzed.RESULTS Among the 1328 patients treated by TEM in our department, the 52 patients with rectal abnormalities other than adenoma or adenocarcinoma represented 4.4%. There were 30 males(57.7%) and 22 females(42.3%). Mean age was 55 years(median = 60, range = 24-78). This series included 14(26.9%) gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 21 neuroendocrine tumors(40.4%), 1 ganglioneuroma(1.9%), 2 solitary ulcers in the rectum(3.8%), 6 cases of rectal endometriosis(11.5%), 6 cases of rectal condylomatosis(11.5%) and 2 rectal melanomas(3.8%). Mean lesion diameter was 2.7 cm(median: 4, range: 0.4-8). Mean distance from the anal verge was 9.5 cm(median: 10, range: 4-15). One patient operated for rectal melanoma developed distant metastases and died two years after the operation. We experienced 2 local recurrences(3.8%) with an overall survival equal to 97.6%(95%CI: 95%-99%) at the end of follow-up and a disease free survival of 98%(95%CI: 96%-99%).CONCLUSION We could conclude that TEM is an important therapeutical option for rectal rare conditions.

Treatment of rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery: Experience with 425 patients

AIM: To describe our experience in treating rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), report morbidity and mortality and oncological outcome.

Anorectal functional outcome after repeated transanal endoscopic microsurgery

AIM： TO evaluate the status of anorectal function after repeated transanal endoscopic microsurgery （TEN）. METHODS： Twenty-one patients undergoing subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis were included. There were more than 5 large （〉 1 cm） polyps in the remaining rectum （range： 6-20 cm from the anal edge）. All patients, 19 with villous adenomas and 2 with low-grade adenocarcinomas, underwent TEM with submucosal endoscopic excision at least twice between 2005 and 2011. Anorectal manometry and a question- naire about incontinence were carried out at week 1 before operation, and at weeks 2 and 3 and 6 mo after the last operation. Anal resting pressure, maxi- mum squeeze pressure, maximum tolerable volume （MTV） and rectoanal inhibitory reflexes （RAIR） were recorded. The integrity and thickness of the internal anal sphincter （IAS） and external anal sphincter （EAS） were also evaluated by endoanal ultrasonography. We determined the physical and mental health status with SF-36 score to assess the effect of multiple TEM on patient quality of life （QoL）. RESULTS： All patients answered the questionnaire. Apart from negative RAIR in 4 patients, all of the anorectal manometric values in the 21 patients were normal before operation. Mean anal resting pressure decreased from 38±5 mmHg to 19±3 mmHg （38±5 mmHg vs 19±3 mmHg, P = 0.000） and MTV from 165± 19mLto60± 11mL（165± 19mLvs60± 11 mL, P = 0.000） at month 3 after surgery. Anal resting pressure and MTV were 37 ± 5 mmHg （38 ± 5 mmHg vs 37 ± 5 mmHg, P = 0.057） and 159 ± 19 mL （165 ± 19 mL vs 159 ± 19 mL, P = 0.071）, respectively, at month 6 after TEM. Maximal squeeze pressure de- creased from 171 ± 19 mmHg to 62 ± 12 mmHg （171 ± 19 mmHg vs 62 ± 12 mmHg, P = 0.000） at week 2 after operation, and returned to normal values by postoperative month 3 （171 ± 19 vs 166 ± 18, P = 0.051）. RAIR were absent in 4 patients preoperatively and in 12 （χ2 = 4.947, P = 0.026） patients at month 3 after surgery. PAIR was absent only in 5 patients at postoperative month 6 （χ2 = 0.141, P = 0.707）. Endo- sonography demonstrated that IAS disruption occurred in 8 patients, and 6 patients had temporary inconti- nence to flatus that was normalized by postoperative month 3. IAS thickness decreased from 1.9 ± 0.6 mm preoperatively to 1.3 ± 0.4 mm （1.9 ± 0.6 mm vs 1.3 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.000） at postoperative month 3 and increased to 1.8 ± 0.5 mm （1.9 ± 0.6 mm vs 1.8 ± 0.5 mm, P = 0.239） at postoperative month 6. EAS thickness decreased from 3.7 ± 0.6 mm preoperatively to 3.5 ± 0.3 mm （3.7 ± 0.6 mm vs 3.5 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.510） at month 3 and then increased to 3.6 ± 0.4 mm （3.7 ± 0.6 mm vs 3.6 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.123） at month 6 after operation. Most patients had frequent stools per day and relatively high Wexner scores in a short time period. While actual fecal incontinence was exceptional, episodes of soiling were reported by 3 pa- tients. With regard to the QoL, the physical and mental health status scores （SF-36） were 56.1 and 46.2 （50 in the general population）, respectively.CONCLUSION： The anorectal function after repeated TEM is preserved. Multiple TEM procedures are useful for resection of multi-polyps in the remaining rectum.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: The first attempt in treatment of rectal amyloidoma

Localized amyloidosis is characterized by amyloid protein deposition restricted to one organ or tissue without systemic involvement. Gastrointestinal manifestations of localized amyloidoma are unusual, which makes amyloidoma restricted to the rectum a very rare diagnosis requiring a high index of suspicion. We present a rare account for rectal amyloidoma with an unusual presentation of obstructive symptoms and its treatment using a sophisticated surgical modality, transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM), which resulted in complete excision of the lesion without hospitalization and complications. The successful treatment for thisrectal amyloidoma using TEM emphasizes the need to broaden its application in the treatment of various rectal lesions while preserving organ function and decreasing recurrence.

Massive surgical emphysema following transanal endoscopic microsurgery

We describe an impressive and rare case of surgical emphysema after minimally invasive rectal surgery. This case reports on a patient who developed mas-sive retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous emphysema directly following a transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) procedure for a rectal intramuco-sal carcinoma. Free intra-abdominal air after gastro-intestinal surgery can be a sign of a bowel perforation or anastomotic leakage. This is a serious complication often requiring immediate surgery. In our patient an abdominal computed tomography-scan with rectal con-trast showed no signs of a rectal perforation. Therefore this emphysema was caused by the insufflation of CO2 gas in the rectum during the TEM-procedure. Conserva-tive treatment resulted in an uneventful recovery. With the increasing usage of TEM for rectal lesions we ex-pect this complication to occur more often. After ruling out a full thickness rectal wall perforation in patients with surgical emphysema following TEM, conservative treatment is the treatment of choice.

Removal of a large rectal polyp with endoscopic submucosal dissection-trans-anal rectoscopic assisted minimally invasive surgery hybrid technique:A case report

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)can be used for the en-bloc removal of superficial rectal lesions;however,the lack of a traction system makes the procedure long and difficult in the presence of extensive lesions.CASE SUMMARY A large polyp occupying 2/3 of the rectal circumference and extending 5 cm in length was removed by ESD with the help of laparoscopic forceps introduced via trans-anal rectoscopic assisted minimally invasive surgery,a disposable platform designed to aid in transanal minimally invasive surgery.Traction of the polyp by forceps during the operation was dynamic,and applied at various points and in various directions.The polyp was removed en-bloc without complications in 1 h and 55 min.A sigmoidoscopy performed 50 d later showed normal healing without polyp recurrence.CONCLUSION The technique presented here could overcome the issues caused by lack of traction during ESD for rectal lesions.

Value of macrobiopsies and transanal endoscopic microsurgery in the histological work-up of rectal neoplasms:A retrospective study

To evaluate a step up approach: Taking macrobiopsies and performing excision biopsies in patients with suspected rectal cancer in which biopsies taken though the flexible endoscope showed benign histology. METHODSPatients with a rectal neoplasm who underwent flexible endoscopy and biopsies were included. In case of benign biopsies rigid rectoscopy and macrobiopsies were employed. If this failed to prove malignancy, transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) was used in a final effort to establish a certain preoperative diagnosis. The preoperative results were compared with the findings after surgical excision and follow up to calculate the reliability of this algorithm. RESULTSOne hundred and thirty-two patients were included. One hundred and ten patients with a carcinoma and 22 with an adenoma. Seventy-five of 110 carcinomas were proven malignant after flexible endoscopy. With the addition of rigid endoscopy and taking of macrobiopsies, this number increased to 89. Performing TEM excision biopsies further enlarged the number of proven malignancies to 100. CONCLUSIONThe step-up approach includes taking macrobiopsies through the rigid rectoscope and performing excision biopsies using transanal endoscopic microsurgery in addition to flexible endoscopy. This approach, reduced the number of missed preoperative malignant diagnoses from 32% to 9%.

Local Excision of Early Rectal Cancer by Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM): The 23-Year Experience of a Single Centre

Aim: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is an effective, minimally invasive alternative approach to traditional surgery. This study reviews the characteristics of a series of patients affected by early rectal cancer and discusses the results of this treatment. Methods: From 1992 to 2014, 187 patients with rectal cancer staged as pT1 by preoperative endorectal ultrasound, computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were treated by TEM at our institution. We analysed age, gender, size of lesion, distance from the anal verge, histological grading and stage. Furthermore we considered operative time, intra and post-operative complications and hospital stay. Patients were also enrolled in a tight follow-up for recurrence and survival. Results: There were no intraoperative complications or conversions to other procedures. There were minor complications (partial suture dehiscence, stool incontinence, rectal haemorrhage) in 24 patients (12.8%) and a major complication (perianal phlegmon) in one (1.5%). Two (5%) of the 40 patients with pT3 disease before neoadjuvant therapy experienced a local recurrence and one (2.5%) died for metastasis. Conclusion: TEM is a safe technique characterized by low morbidity and mortality and excellent oncological outcomes. These advantages, coupled with its ability to be applied to a strikingly high proportion of rectal tumours, suggest that it should be considered as the gold standard approach to early rectal cancer in accurately selected patients.

Transanal endoscopic surgery in rectal cancer

Total mesorectal excision(TME) is the standard treatment for rectal cancer, but complications are frequent and rates of morbidity, mortality and genitourinary alterations are high. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) allows preservation of the anal sphincters and, via its vision system through a rectoscope, allows access to rectal tumors located as far as 20 cm from the anal verge. The capacity of local surgery to cure rectal cancer depends on the risk of lymph node invasion. This means that correct preoperative staging of the rectal tumor is necessary. Currently, local surgery is indicated for rectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas invading the submucosa, but not beyond(T1). Here we describe the standard technique for TEM, the different types of equipment used, and the technical limitations of this approach. TEM to remove rectal adenoma should be performed in the same way as if the lesion were an adenocarcinoma, due to the high percentageof infiltrating adenocarcinomas in these lesions. In spite of the generally good results with T1, some authors have published surprisingly high recurrence rates; this is due to the existence of two types of lesions, tumors with good and poor prognosis, divided according to histological and surgical factors. The standard treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma T2N0M0 is TME without adjuvant therapy. In this type of adenocarcinoma, local surgery obtains the best results when complete pathological response has been achieved with previous chemoradiotherapy. The results with chemoradiotherapy and TEM are encouraging, but the scientific evidence remains limited at present.

Transanal minimally invasive surgery vs endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal benign tumors and rectal carcinoids: A retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND Transanal minimally invasive surgery(TAMIS)is a good choice for resection of rectal neoplasms.Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)is also widely used in the treatment of benign rectal tumors such as rectal polyps and rectal adenomas.However,no studies have compared the outcome of TAMIS and EMR.AIM To compare the short-term outcomes after TAMIS and EMR for rectal carcinoid and benign tumors(including rectal polyps and adenomas).METHODS From January 2014 to January 2019,44 patients who received TAMIS and 53 patients who received EMR at The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai were selected.Primary outcomes(surgical-related)were operating time,blood loss,length of postoperative hospital stay,rate of resection margin involvement and lesion fragmentation rate.The secondary outcomes were complications such as hemorrhage,urinary retention,postoperative infection and reoperation.RESULTS No significant differences were observed in terms of blood loss(12.48±8.00 mL for TAMIS vs 11.45±7.82 mL for EMR,P=0.527)and length of postoperative hospital stay(3.50±1.87 d for TAMIS vs 2.72±1.98 d for EMR,P=0.065)between the two groups.Operating time was significantly shorter for EMR compared with TAMIS(21.19±9.49 min vs 49.95±15.28 min,P=0.001).The lesion fragmentation rate in the EMR group was 22.6%(12/53)and was significantly higher than that(0%,0/44)in the TAMIS group(P=0.001).TAMIS was associated with a higher urinary retention rate(13.6%,6/44 vs 1.9%,1/53 P=0.026)and lower hemorrhage rate(0%,0/44 vs 18.9%,10/53 P=0.002).A significantly higher reoperation rate was observed in the EMR group(9.4%,5/53 vs 0%,0/44 P=0.036).

神经内镜辅助与单纯显微镜下听神经瘤切除术的疗效比较

目的比较神经内镜辅助与单纯显微手术治疗听神经瘤的效果差异。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年7月南京医科大学第一附属医院神经外科行听神经瘤切除患者的临床资料,按照手术方式的不同分为观察组(显微镜+内镜辅助组)28例与对照组(显微镜组)44例,比较两组肿瘤全切率、内听道后唇磨除范围、术后并发症率、术前及术后6个月面神经功能情况(House-Brackmann分级)。结果观察组与对照组相比,肿瘤全切率及术后面神经功能障碍率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组的内听道后唇磨除范围直径(5.70±0.58)mm低于对照组(6.70±0.58)mm,并发症发生率(7.14%)低于对照组(27.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗听神经瘤可以减少内听道后唇的磨除范围,从而减少并发症的发生。

不同术式治疗直肠癌的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)与经肛门内镜下微创手术(TEM)治疗直肠癌(RC)的疗效。方法选择88例直肠癌患者,随机数表法分为A组与B组,A组(43例)采用经肛门内镜下微创手术治疗,B组(45例)采用内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,2组术后均随访6个月。结果术后6个月,B组治疗总有效率高于A组(P<0.05)。B组术中出血量高于A组,平均住院时间、手术时间均短于A组(P<0.05);B组抗生素使用率低于A组(P<0.05)。随访期间,2组肿瘤完整切除率、肿瘤残留率、复发率及并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与术前比较,术后7 d,2组血清血管内皮生长因子B(VEGFB)、胃动素、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)和血管内皮生长因子C(VEGFC)水平均降低,B组低于A组;血清D-乳酸(DLA)水平均升高,B组高于A组(P<0.05)。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术和经肛门内镜下微创手术治疗直肠癌的临床疗效及安全性均较好,临床可根据患者具体情况选择术式。

关于耳内镜外科的一些思考

耳显微外科的发展与成熟依赖于显微镜及相关手术器械的辅助,随着内镜工艺和技术的逐步完善,耳内镜在耳显微外科的应用得到了众多耳科医师的广泛关注。经过近10年的探索与研究,积累了很多临床经验,也取得了显著的临床成效。当然,耳内镜也有其不足,比如需单手操作、配套手术器械不足等,相信随着越来越多耳科医师的不断探索以及内镜工艺的不断精进,这些不足将会被逐一克服,耳内镜优势将更加突出,在耳科将有着更为广泛的应用前景。

经肛门内镜微创手术与传统开腹手术治疗直肠癌的效果观察

目的探讨经肛门内镜微创手术(TEM)与传统开腹手术治疗直肠癌的效果及对患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响。方法本研究为随机对照试验。选择2019年5月至2022年5月在聊城市第三人民医院进行治疗的80例直肠癌患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。观察组男26例,女14例,年龄(49.25±7.63)岁,行TEM治疗;对照组男24例,女16例,年龄(50.63±7.24)岁,行传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组手术各项指标、手术前后胃肠激素[胃动素、胃泌素]水平、术后胃肠功能恢复情况、手术前后肛门功能情况以及并发症发生情况。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果观察组手术时间[(60.57±11.29)min比(143.35±32.54)min]、出血量[(62.93±15.43)ml比(137.69±36.47)ml]、住院时间[(7.45±1.26)d比(12.37±3.13)d]均优于对照组(均P<0.001),两组淋巴结清扫数量、标本长度比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。手术后两组胃动素、胃泌素均低于手术前(均P<0.05),但术后观察组胃动素[(253.16±30.57)ng/L比(219.25±29.52)ng/L]、胃泌素水平[(141.24±11.17)μmol/L比(103.65±10.43)μmol/L]均高于对照组(均P<0.001)。手术后观察组胃肠功能恢复情况均优于对照组(均P<0.001)。手术后,两组大便失禁严重度(Wexner)评分均高于手术前,肛管静息压(ARP)、肛管最大收缩压(MSP)均低于手术前,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组Wexner评分低于对照组[(7.23±1.56)分比(9.58±1.94)分,t=5.970,P<0.001],两组ARP、MSP水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组[5.00%(2/40)比20.00%(8/40)],两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.114,P=0.043)。结论TEM与传统开腹手术均可有效治疗直肠癌,其中TEM对胃肠激素水平影响较小,更利于缩短恢复时间,进一步促进胃肠功能与肛门功能恢复,且术后并发症发生率较低,临床应用价值较高。

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery:what indications in 2013?

Thanks to major advances in the field of surgical techniques and neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy,along with more accurate pre-operative staging tools and the widespread introduction of population-based screening programs,treatment of rectal cancer has been evolving over the past few decades,moving towards a more tailored approach.This has brought a shift in the treatment algorithm of benign rectal lesions and selected early rectal cancers,for which today transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM)is accepted as an effective alternative to abdominal surgery.In 2013,topics of controversy are the role of TEM in the treatment of more advanced rectal cancers,in cases of complete pathological response after chemoradiation therapy and the role of TEM as a platform for single-port surgery and NOTES.This article reviews the current indications for TEM and the future perspectives of this approach in the treatment of rectal tumors.

锁孔手术切除颅内肿瘤

目的探讨锁孔手术切除颅内肿瘤的手术技巧和适应证。方法分别经眶上、翼点、眉间、纵裂、侧脑室和枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路采用显微外科技术或内窥镜辅助的显微外科技术切除颅内肿瘤42例。结果本组采用显微外科技术切除肿瘤30例,内窥镜辅助的显微外科技术切除肿瘤12例。肿瘤全切除27例,次全切除11例,大部分切除4例。无锁孔入路相关严重并发症和手术死亡。结论锁孔入路显微手术切除颅内肿瘤具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,适合于颅底肿瘤、脑室内肿瘤和镰旁脑膜瘤。