Crossed beak is a complex mode of inheritance with prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 7.4% in at least 12 chicken strains worldwide.To reveal the intrinsic factors causing crossed beaks,genes expression patterns in bilate...Crossed beak is a complex mode of inheritance with prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 7.4% in at least 12 chicken strains worldwide.To reveal the intrinsic factors causing crossed beaks,genes expression patterns in bilateral mandibular condyle between affected and normal birds were characterized by RNA sequencing analysis in the present studies.Crossed beak was induced by short length of unilateral mandibular ramus,and a total of 110differentially expressed genes were up-or down-regulated in the affected(short)mandibular condyle side as compared to the normal side.Carbonic anhydrase 2(CA2)and Carbonic anhydrase 13(CA13)were enriched in the carbonate dehydratase activity,and high-expressed in mandibular condyle and osteoblasts(P<0.05).However,both were low-expressed in short mandibular condyle side of affected birds(P<0.05).The carbonate dehydratase inhibitor experiments confirmed that there is positive association between the calcification and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes.Quantitative analysis with cetylpyridinium chloride showed a decrease in calcification when the cells were transfected with an anti-CA13 shRNA.Our research suggested that CA2 and CA13 are down-calcified in shortside mandibular condyle,and caused mandibular ramus to grow slowly.CA2 and CA13 have the critical role in crossed beaks by regulating calcification of mandibular condyle.展开更多
热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反...热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反应器实验平台,进行了空气氛围下的储/释热实验,探究了混合加热反应器内的储热特性与限制因素,并在此基础上探究了在反应器尺度改善循环性能的可行方案。实验研究表明,采用直接与间接混合加热的方式,使得反应呈现向心推进与逐层推进相结合的形式,增进了储能反应的速率;反应性能随着循环次数增多逐渐下降,5次循环后的储能反应最大转化率降低了5.6%,10次循环相较于5次循环的反应最大转化率降低了3.8%。TG实验与粒径测试结果表明,空气中CO_(2)是造成循环性能下降的主要因素;提高脱水温度可以有效恢复循环性能,650℃时所提供的过余温度可以有效降低反应物中CaCO_(3)的含量。展开更多
The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ.However,the mechani...The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ.However,the mechanisms responsible for initiating spontaneous ATP release have not been determined.Our previous study revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)is expressed in the basilar membrane during the first postnatal week.Its role in cochlear development remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the expression and role of TERT in postnatal cochlea supporting cells.Our results revealed that in postnatal cochlear Kölliker’s organ supporting cells,TERT shifts from the nucleus into the cytoplasm over time.We found that the TERT translocation tendency in postnatal cochlear supporting cells in vitro coincided with that observed in vivo.Further analysis showed that TERT in the cytoplasm was mainly located in mitochondria in the absence of oxidative stress or apoptosis,suggesting that TERT in mitochondria plays roles other than antioxidant or anti-apoptotic functions.We observed increased ATP synthesis,release and activation of purine signaling systems in supporting cells during the first 10 postnatal days.The phenomenon that TERT translocation coincided with changes in ATP synthesis,release and activation of the purine signaling system in postnatal cochlear supporting cells suggested that TERT may be involved in regulating ATP release and activation of the purine signaling system.Our study provides a new research direction for exploring the spontaneous electrical activity of the cochlea during the early postnatal period.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Featured Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Preservation Project,China(202203310002)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS40)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIPIAS04)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province,China(236Z6602G)。
文摘Crossed beak is a complex mode of inheritance with prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 7.4% in at least 12 chicken strains worldwide.To reveal the intrinsic factors causing crossed beaks,genes expression patterns in bilateral mandibular condyle between affected and normal birds were characterized by RNA sequencing analysis in the present studies.Crossed beak was induced by short length of unilateral mandibular ramus,and a total of 110differentially expressed genes were up-or down-regulated in the affected(short)mandibular condyle side as compared to the normal side.Carbonic anhydrase 2(CA2)and Carbonic anhydrase 13(CA13)were enriched in the carbonate dehydratase activity,and high-expressed in mandibular condyle and osteoblasts(P<0.05).However,both were low-expressed in short mandibular condyle side of affected birds(P<0.05).The carbonate dehydratase inhibitor experiments confirmed that there is positive association between the calcification and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes.Quantitative analysis with cetylpyridinium chloride showed a decrease in calcification when the cells were transfected with an anti-CA13 shRNA.Our research suggested that CA2 and CA13 are down-calcified in shortside mandibular condyle,and caused mandibular ramus to grow slowly.CA2 and CA13 have the critical role in crossed beaks by regulating calcification of mandibular condyle.
文摘热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反应器实验平台,进行了空气氛围下的储/释热实验,探究了混合加热反应器内的储热特性与限制因素,并在此基础上探究了在反应器尺度改善循环性能的可行方案。实验研究表明,采用直接与间接混合加热的方式,使得反应呈现向心推进与逐层推进相结合的形式,增进了储能反应的速率;反应性能随着循环次数增多逐渐下降,5次循环后的储能反应最大转化率降低了5.6%,10次循环相较于5次循环的反应最大转化率降低了3.8%。TG实验与粒径测试结果表明,空气中CO_(2)是造成循环性能下降的主要因素;提高脱水温度可以有效恢复循环性能,650℃时所提供的过余温度可以有效降低反应物中CaCO_(3)的含量。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81870732(to DZ),82171161(to DZ),81900933(to YS),and 82000978(to ZL).
文摘The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ.However,the mechanisms responsible for initiating spontaneous ATP release have not been determined.Our previous study revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)is expressed in the basilar membrane during the first postnatal week.Its role in cochlear development remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the expression and role of TERT in postnatal cochlea supporting cells.Our results revealed that in postnatal cochlear Kölliker’s organ supporting cells,TERT shifts from the nucleus into the cytoplasm over time.We found that the TERT translocation tendency in postnatal cochlear supporting cells in vitro coincided with that observed in vivo.Further analysis showed that TERT in the cytoplasm was mainly located in mitochondria in the absence of oxidative stress or apoptosis,suggesting that TERT in mitochondria plays roles other than antioxidant or anti-apoptotic functions.We observed increased ATP synthesis,release and activation of purine signaling systems in supporting cells during the first 10 postnatal days.The phenomenon that TERT translocation coincided with changes in ATP synthesis,release and activation of the purine signaling system in postnatal cochlear supporting cells suggested that TERT may be involved in regulating ATP release and activation of the purine signaling system.Our study provides a new research direction for exploring the spontaneous electrical activity of the cochlea during the early postnatal period.
