The challenge of high temperatures in deep mining remains harmful to the health of workers and their production efficiency The addition of phase change materials (PCMs) to filling slurry and the use of the cold storag...The challenge of high temperatures in deep mining remains harmful to the health of workers and their production efficiency The addition of phase change materials (PCMs) to filling slurry and the use of the cold storage function of these materials to reduce downhole temperatures is an effective approach to alleviate the aforementioned problem.Paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM was prepared in the laboratory.The composition,phase change latent heat,thermal conductivity,and cemented tailing backfill (CTB) compressive strength of the new material were studied.The heat transfer characteristics and endothermic effect of the PCM were simulated using Fluent software.The results showed the following:(1) The new paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM improved the thermal conductivity of native paraffin while avoiding the water solubility of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O.(2) The calculation formula of the thermal conductivity of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O combined with paraffin was deduced,and the reasons were explained in principle.(3) The“enthalpy–mass scale model”was applied to calculate the phase change latent heat of nonreactive composite PCMs.(4)The addition of the paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM reduced the CTB strength but increased its heat absorption capacity.This research can give a theoretical foundation for the use of heat storage backfill in green mines.展开更多
(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]是新型含能钙钛矿化合物的典型代表,需明确其热分解行为、热分解机制及感度特性,以推动其在配方中的应用。以差示扫描量热-热重分析方法实现了分解放热量、分解温度等参数的获取;以动力学模拟计算...(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]是新型含能钙钛矿化合物的典型代表,需明确其热分解行为、热分解机制及感度特性,以推动其在配方中的应用。以差示扫描量热-热重分析方法实现了分解放热量、分解温度等参数的获取;以动力学模拟计算解析了相关分解机理;以同步热分析-红外-质谱联用技术结合原位红外技术探索了(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]的分解产物及分解历程;以国军标法获得了热感度、摩擦感度与撞击感度参数。结果表明:在10℃·min^(-1)的升温速率下,(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]分解放热量为4227 J·g^(-1),分解温度则达到345℃,高于黑索今(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)等多数现役含能材料,显示了优异的热稳定性;分解产物研究表明其立方笼状骨架有效稳定了内部结合的有机物分子,使其热稳定性较高。此外,(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]在100℃下加热48 h的放气量约0.04 m L·g^(-1),撞击感度与机械感度分别为32%和80%,优于RDX和HMX。展开更多
CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the ...CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.展开更多
The electron paramagnetic spectra of trigonal Mn^(2+) centers in[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SiF6,[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SnF6,and[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]PtCl6 crystals were studied on the basis of the complete energy matrices for a d5 configurat...The electron paramagnetic spectra of trigonal Mn^(2+) centers in[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SiF6,[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SnF6,and[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]PtCl6 crystals were studied on the basis of the complete energy matrices for a d5 configuration ion in a trigonal ligand field.When Mn^(2+) is doped in the[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SiF6,[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SnF6,and[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]PtCl6 crystals crystals,there is a similar local distortion.The experimental results show that the local lattice structure around a trigonal Mn^(2+) center has an elongation distortion along the crystalline C3 axis.From the EPR calculation,the local lattice structure parameters R=2.278A,θ=52.6406? for[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SiF6,R=2.280,θ=52.4936° for[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SnF6 and R=2.244A,θ=53.0616? for[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]PtCl6 were determined.展开更多
How to effectively improve Zn^(2+)-storage properties is now becoming an urgent issue in the development of high-energy-density aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Here,a new method is proposed to massively increase the electr...How to effectively improve Zn^(2+)-storage properties is now becoming an urgent issue in the development of high-energy-density aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Here,a new method is proposed to massively increase the electrochemical capacity of aqueous Zn/V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)Obatteries.By adding a small amount of platinum(Pt,1.5 wt.%)and keeping other factors constant,the V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)O-Pt electrodes deliver a much higher specific capacity(440 m Ah g^(-1)at 500 m A g^(-1))than do V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)Oelectrodes(270 m Ah g^(-1)at500 m A g^(-1)).The structural and morphological evolution of V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)Oduring cycling results in Zn^(2+)ion insertion/extraction and the formation/disappearance of the zinc hydroxyl complex(Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)_(6)·5H_(2)O,ZHS),where the latter is closely related to the surface redox reaction,promoting Zn^(2+)ion stripping/plating on the Zn anode and consequently leading to extra electron transfer.Electrochemical tests in the absence of oxygen reveal that the Pt additive has no contribution and is even counterproductive to electric conductivity but favors remarkable enhancement of the pseudocapacitance.Accordingly,it is apparent that a strong causal relationship exists between Pt and the ZHS.In consideration of the catalytic application for oxygen reduction,Pt is expected to play a vital role in enhancing the electrochemical capacity through the pseudo-Zn-air reaction.This finding introduces a new strategy for achieving high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.展开更多
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52174106)the Key Technology Research and Development Program (No. 2022YFC2905102)。
文摘The challenge of high temperatures in deep mining remains harmful to the health of workers and their production efficiency The addition of phase change materials (PCMs) to filling slurry and the use of the cold storage function of these materials to reduce downhole temperatures is an effective approach to alleviate the aforementioned problem.Paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM was prepared in the laboratory.The composition,phase change latent heat,thermal conductivity,and cemented tailing backfill (CTB) compressive strength of the new material were studied.The heat transfer characteristics and endothermic effect of the PCM were simulated using Fluent software.The results showed the following:(1) The new paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM improved the thermal conductivity of native paraffin while avoiding the water solubility of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O.(2) The calculation formula of the thermal conductivity of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O combined with paraffin was deduced,and the reasons were explained in principle.(3) The“enthalpy–mass scale model”was applied to calculate the phase change latent heat of nonreactive composite PCMs.(4)The addition of the paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM reduced the CTB strength but increased its heat absorption capacity.This research can give a theoretical foundation for the use of heat storage backfill in green mines.
文摘(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]是新型含能钙钛矿化合物的典型代表,需明确其热分解行为、热分解机制及感度特性,以推动其在配方中的应用。以差示扫描量热-热重分析方法实现了分解放热量、分解温度等参数的获取;以动力学模拟计算解析了相关分解机理;以同步热分析-红外-质谱联用技术结合原位红外技术探索了(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]的分解产物及分解历程;以国军标法获得了热感度、摩擦感度与撞击感度参数。结果表明:在10℃·min^(-1)的升温速率下,(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]分解放热量为4227 J·g^(-1),分解温度则达到345℃,高于黑索今(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)等多数现役含能材料,显示了优异的热稳定性;分解产物研究表明其立方笼状骨架有效稳定了内部结合的有机物分子,使其热稳定性较高。此外,(C_(6)H_(14)N_(2))[Na(ClO_(4))_(3)]在100℃下加热48 h的放气量约0.04 m L·g^(-1),撞击感度与机械感度分别为32%和80%,优于RDX和HMX。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974225,51874229,51674188,51904224,51904225)the Shaanxi Innovative Talents Cultivate Program-New-star Plan of Science and Technology,China(No.2018KJXX-083)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2018JM 5161,2018JQ5183,2019JM-074)the Scientific Research Program funded by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China(No.19JK0543)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,China(No.2018YQ2-01)。
文摘CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11804285 and 61601384)。
文摘The electron paramagnetic spectra of trigonal Mn^(2+) centers in[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SiF6,[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SnF6,and[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]PtCl6 crystals were studied on the basis of the complete energy matrices for a d5 configuration ion in a trigonal ligand field.When Mn^(2+) is doped in the[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SiF6,[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SnF6,and[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]PtCl6 crystals crystals,there is a similar local distortion.The experimental results show that the local lattice structure around a trigonal Mn^(2+) center has an elongation distortion along the crystalline C3 axis.From the EPR calculation,the local lattice structure parameters R=2.278A,θ=52.6406? for[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SiF6,R=2.280,θ=52.4936° for[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]SnF6 and R=2.244A,θ=53.0616? for[Co(H_(2)O)_(6)]PtCl6 were determined.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963210,U1801255,and 51872340)the Basic Scientific Research Fund of Sun Yat-Sen University(grant no.18lgpy06)
文摘How to effectively improve Zn^(2+)-storage properties is now becoming an urgent issue in the development of high-energy-density aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Here,a new method is proposed to massively increase the electrochemical capacity of aqueous Zn/V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)Obatteries.By adding a small amount of platinum(Pt,1.5 wt.%)and keeping other factors constant,the V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)O-Pt electrodes deliver a much higher specific capacity(440 m Ah g^(-1)at 500 m A g^(-1))than do V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)Oelectrodes(270 m Ah g^(-1)at500 m A g^(-1)).The structural and morphological evolution of V_(5)O_(12)·6H_(2)Oduring cycling results in Zn^(2+)ion insertion/extraction and the formation/disappearance of the zinc hydroxyl complex(Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)_(6)·5H_(2)O,ZHS),where the latter is closely related to the surface redox reaction,promoting Zn^(2+)ion stripping/plating on the Zn anode and consequently leading to extra electron transfer.Electrochemical tests in the absence of oxygen reveal that the Pt additive has no contribution and is even counterproductive to electric conductivity but favors remarkable enhancement of the pseudocapacitance.Accordingly,it is apparent that a strong causal relationship exists between Pt and the ZHS.In consideration of the catalytic application for oxygen reduction,Pt is expected to play a vital role in enhancing the electrochemical capacity through the pseudo-Zn-air reaction.This finding introduces a new strategy for achieving high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
