Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
AIM： To study the association between Interleukin-1 （IL-1） and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α polymorphisms, infection by Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） and the development of gastrointestinal diseases.METHODS...AIM： To study the association between Interleukin-1 （IL-1） and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α polymorphisms, infection by Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） and the development of gastrointestinal diseases.METHODS： Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 177 patients with various gastrointestinal diseases and from 100 healthy volunteers. The polymorphisms in IL-1β and TNF-α genes were analyzed using the polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism method （PCRRFLP） and those from IL-1RN with PCR. The presence of infection due to H pylori and the presence of the CagA toxin were detected by serology. The histopathological parameters in the gastric biopsies of the patients were according to the Sydney classification.RESULTS： A comparison of the frequencies of the different polymorphisms studied among the patients and the control group demonstrated that the allele IL- 1RN＊2 was more frequent among patients with gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma. Carriers of the allele IL- RN＊2 and those with reactive serology for anti-CagA IgG had a greater risk of developing peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma, as well as a higher degree of inflammation and neutrophilic activity in the gastricCONCLUSION： Our results indicate a positive association between IL-1RN gene polymorphism and infection by positive H pylori CagA strains and the development of gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma.展开更多
To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on bone resorption mediated by interleukin 1β(IL 1β) in vitro , the osteoclasts isolated from the long bones of newborn SD rats were co cul...To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on bone resorption mediated by interleukin 1β(IL 1β) in vitro , the osteoclasts isolated from the long bones of newborn SD rats were co cultured with osteoblasts on ivory slices placed in 24 well plates . 24 h later, conditioned media containing CGRP and/or IL 1β were added to the wells respectively, and continued culturing for 48 h. After the cells were stripped off by ultrasonication, the ivory slices were stained in toludine blue. The number and the total area of resorption lacunae on each slice were measured by computer imaging analysis system. Our results showed that IL 1β significantly stimulated bone resorption, but CGRP inhibited the effect mediated by IL 1β in a dose dependent manner. It is suggested that CGRP may inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption through two ways: One is that CGRP functions directly on osteoclasts to block their activation; the other is that CGRP regulates the release of cytokines by osteoblasts and indirectly affects the function of osteoclasts.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of active vitamin D3 on autophagy and interleukin(IL)-1β expression in Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells(IECs).METHODS Caco-2 cells, NOD2 siR NA-, Atg16L1 siR NA- or vitam...AIM To investigate the effects of active vitamin D3 on autophagy and interleukin(IL)-1β expression in Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells(IECs).METHODS Caco-2 cells, NOD2 siR NA-, Atg16L1 siR NA- or vitamin D receptor(VDR) siR NA-transfected Caco-2 cells were pretreated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25D3), and then infected by wild-type S. typhimurium strain SL1344. The conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was detected by Western blot analysis and LC3+ autophagosome was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Caco-2 cells or VDR si RNA-transfected cells were pretreated with 1,25D3, and then infected by SL1344. Membrane protein and total RNA were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR for VDR and Atg16L1 protein and m RNA expression, respectively. Atg16L1 si RNA-transfected Caco-2 cells were pretreated by 1,25D3 and then infected with SL1344. Total RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR for IL-1β mR NA expression.RESULTS The active form of vitamin D, 1,25D3, showed enhanced VDR-mediated Atg16L1 mR NA expression, membranous Atg16L1 protein expression leading to autophagic LC3 II proteins expression and LC3 punctae in Salmonella-infected Caco-2 cells which was counteracted by Atg16L1 and VDR si RNA, but Atg16L1 mediated suppression of IL-1β expression. Thus, active vitamin D may enhance autophagy but suppress inflammatory IL-1β expression in Salmonella-infected IECs.CONCLUSION Active vitamin D might enhance autophagic clearance of Salmonella infection, while modulation of inflammatory responses prevents the host from detrimental effects of overwhelming inflammation.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the associations between interleukin(IL)-1B and IL-1RN polymorphisms and gastric cancers among the Tibet,Hui and Han ethnicities.METHODS:Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 210,205,an...AIM:To investigate the associations between interleukin(IL)-1B and IL-1RN polymorphisms and gastric cancers among the Tibet,Hui and Han ethnicities.METHODS:Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 210,205,and 202 healthy volunteers and from 155,158,and 197 gastric cancer patients from the Tibet,Hui,and Han populations,respectively.Polymorphisms in IL-1B and IL-1RN were analyzed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS:Carriers of the IL-1B-31 CC genotype had an increased risk of intestinal type gastric cancer [odds ratio(OR) = 2.17,P = 0.037] in the Tibet ethnicity.Carriers of the IL-1B 2/L genotype had an increased risk of both intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer(OR = 2.08,2.31,P = 0.007,0.016,respectively) in the Hui ethnicity.In the Han population,carriers of the IL-1B-31 CC,IL-1B-511CT,TT genotypes had increased risk of intestinal type gastric cancer(OR = 2.51,2.74,5.66,P = 0.005,0.002,0.000,respectively).CONCLUSION:IL-1B and IL-RN genotypes may differentially contribute to gastric cancer among the Tibet,Hui,and Han ethnicities in the Qinghai area of China.展开更多
BACKGROUND：It has been shown that interleukin-1 （IL-1） may cause inflammatory reactions, which stimulate the nerve root of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and leads to pain. Whether the clinical...BACKGROUND：It has been shown that interleukin-1 （IL-1） may cause inflammatory reactions, which stimulate the nerve root of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and leads to pain. Whether the clinical curative effects of acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar and leg pain are linked to an inhibition of local IL-1 secretion is unknown. OBJECTIVE： To assess the influence of acupuncture on IL-1, this study was designed to verify the effects of acupuncture at the ＂Huatuojiaji （Extra）＂ point on the nerve root in a rat model of lumbar nerve root compression, compared with administration of meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, molecular biology experiment, performed at the Experimental Center, Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University between September 2005 and April 2006. MATERIALS： Forty healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats of either gender were included in this study. The rats were randomly and evenly divided into the following four groups： normal control, model, acupuncture and meloxicam groups. Lumbar nerve root compression was induced in rats in the model, acupuncture, and meloxicam groups by inserting a specially made silicon rubber slice at the juncture of the L5 nerve root and the dural sac. The acupuncture needle （pattern number N3030, 30#, 1.5 inch） was purchased from Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory, China. IL-1 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., USA. METHODS： The acupuncture group was acupunctured at the ＂Huatuojiaji＂ point, which is lateral to the compressed L5-6 nerve root, with an acupuncture depth of 0.5 cm. There were two treatment courses, each of involved seven 20-minute acupuncture sessions, one session a day. The meloxicam group was administered intragastrically 3.75 mg/kg meloxicam （5 mg meloxicam /10 mL physiological saline）. Rats in the normal control group and model group received an intragastric administration of 10 mL/kg physiological saline. All administrations were performed once a day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 14 post-surgery, the IL-1 level in the compressed nerve root was determined by a streptavidin-peroxidase （S-P） immunohistochemical method, and IL-1β mRNA expression in the compressed nerve root was simultaneously detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： The expression levels of IL-1 and IL-1β mRNA in the L5 nerve root were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. However, the expression levels of IL-1 and IL-1β mRNA were significantly lower in the acupuncture and meloxicam groups than in the model group （P 〈 0.05–0.01）. Expression levels of IL-1 and IL-1β mRNA were significantly higher in the acupuncture group than in the meloxicam group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture at the ＂Huatuojiaji＂ point decreases the IL-1 level by inhibiting IL-1β mRNA expression to a greater extent than meloxicam administration.展开更多
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
基金Supported by Secretaria Executiva de Ciência,Tecnologiae Meio Ambiente-SECTAM and Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES
文摘AIM： To study the association between Interleukin-1 （IL-1） and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α polymorphisms, infection by Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） and the development of gastrointestinal diseases.METHODS： Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 177 patients with various gastrointestinal diseases and from 100 healthy volunteers. The polymorphisms in IL-1β and TNF-α genes were analyzed using the polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism method （PCRRFLP） and those from IL-1RN with PCR. The presence of infection due to H pylori and the presence of the CagA toxin were detected by serology. The histopathological parameters in the gastric biopsies of the patients were according to the Sydney classification.RESULTS： A comparison of the frequencies of the different polymorphisms studied among the patients and the control group demonstrated that the allele IL- 1RN＊2 was more frequent among patients with gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma. Carriers of the allele IL- RN＊2 and those with reactive serology for anti-CagA IgG had a greater risk of developing peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma, as well as a higher degree of inflammation and neutrophilic activity in the gastricCONCLUSION： Our results indicate a positive association between IL-1RN gene polymorphism and infection by positive H pylori CagA strains and the development of gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma.
文摘To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on bone resorption mediated by interleukin 1β(IL 1β) in vitro , the osteoclasts isolated from the long bones of newborn SD rats were co cultured with osteoblasts on ivory slices placed in 24 well plates . 24 h later, conditioned media containing CGRP and/or IL 1β were added to the wells respectively, and continued culturing for 48 h. After the cells were stripped off by ultrasonication, the ivory slices were stained in toludine blue. The number and the total area of resorption lacunae on each slice were measured by computer imaging analysis system. Our results showed that IL 1β significantly stimulated bone resorption, but CGRP inhibited the effect mediated by IL 1β in a dose dependent manner. It is suggested that CGRP may inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption through two ways: One is that CGRP functions directly on osteoclasts to block their activation; the other is that CGRP regulates the release of cytokines by osteoblasts and indirectly affects the function of osteoclasts.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology[MOST 103-2314-B-182-032(in part)]the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,No.CMRPG8B1431,No.CMRPG8B1481 and No.CMRPG880443the Stem Cell Research Core Laboratory (grant CLRPG8B0052) for technical support
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of active vitamin D3 on autophagy and interleukin(IL)-1β expression in Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells(IECs).METHODS Caco-2 cells, NOD2 siR NA-, Atg16L1 siR NA- or vitamin D receptor(VDR) siR NA-transfected Caco-2 cells were pretreated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25D3), and then infected by wild-type S. typhimurium strain SL1344. The conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was detected by Western blot analysis and LC3+ autophagosome was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Caco-2 cells or VDR si RNA-transfected cells were pretreated with 1,25D3, and then infected by SL1344. Membrane protein and total RNA were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR for VDR and Atg16L1 protein and m RNA expression, respectively. Atg16L1 si RNA-transfected Caco-2 cells were pretreated by 1,25D3 and then infected with SL1344. Total RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR for IL-1β mR NA expression.RESULTS The active form of vitamin D, 1,25D3, showed enhanced VDR-mediated Atg16L1 mR NA expression, membranous Atg16L1 protein expression leading to autophagic LC3 II proteins expression and LC3 punctae in Salmonella-infected Caco-2 cells which was counteracted by Atg16L1 and VDR si RNA, but Atg16L1 mediated suppression of IL-1β expression. Thus, active vitamin D may enhance autophagy but suppress inflammatory IL-1β expression in Salmonella-infected IECs.CONCLUSION Active vitamin D might enhance autophagic clearance of Salmonella infection, while modulation of inflammatory responses prevents the host from detrimental effects of overwhelming inflammation.
基金Supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foun dation of China,No.30860259the Youth Scientific Re search Foundation of Qinghai University,No.2008-QY-09
文摘AIM:To investigate the associations between interleukin(IL)-1B and IL-1RN polymorphisms and gastric cancers among the Tibet,Hui and Han ethnicities.METHODS:Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 210,205,and 202 healthy volunteers and from 155,158,and 197 gastric cancer patients from the Tibet,Hui,and Han populations,respectively.Polymorphisms in IL-1B and IL-1RN were analyzed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS:Carriers of the IL-1B-31 CC genotype had an increased risk of intestinal type gastric cancer [odds ratio(OR) = 2.17,P = 0.037] in the Tibet ethnicity.Carriers of the IL-1B 2/L genotype had an increased risk of both intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer(OR = 2.08,2.31,P = 0.007,0.016,respectively) in the Hui ethnicity.In the Han population,carriers of the IL-1B-31 CC,IL-1B-511CT,TT genotypes had increased risk of intestinal type gastric cancer(OR = 2.51,2.74,5.66,P = 0.005,0.002,0.000,respectively).CONCLUSION:IL-1B and IL-RN genotypes may differentially contribute to gastric cancer among the Tibet,Hui,and Han ethnicities in the Qinghai area of China.
文摘BACKGROUND：It has been shown that interleukin-1 （IL-1） may cause inflammatory reactions, which stimulate the nerve root of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and leads to pain. Whether the clinical curative effects of acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar and leg pain are linked to an inhibition of local IL-1 secretion is unknown. OBJECTIVE： To assess the influence of acupuncture on IL-1, this study was designed to verify the effects of acupuncture at the ＂Huatuojiaji （Extra）＂ point on the nerve root in a rat model of lumbar nerve root compression, compared with administration of meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, molecular biology experiment, performed at the Experimental Center, Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University between September 2005 and April 2006. MATERIALS： Forty healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats of either gender were included in this study. The rats were randomly and evenly divided into the following four groups： normal control, model, acupuncture and meloxicam groups. Lumbar nerve root compression was induced in rats in the model, acupuncture, and meloxicam groups by inserting a specially made silicon rubber slice at the juncture of the L5 nerve root and the dural sac. The acupuncture needle （pattern number N3030, 30#, 1.5 inch） was purchased from Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory, China. IL-1 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., USA. METHODS： The acupuncture group was acupunctured at the ＂Huatuojiaji＂ point, which is lateral to the compressed L5-6 nerve root, with an acupuncture depth of 0.5 cm. There were two treatment courses, each of involved seven 20-minute acupuncture sessions, one session a day. The meloxicam group was administered intragastrically 3.75 mg/kg meloxicam （5 mg meloxicam /10 mL physiological saline）. Rats in the normal control group and model group received an intragastric administration of 10 mL/kg physiological saline. All administrations were performed once a day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 14 post-surgery, the IL-1 level in the compressed nerve root was determined by a streptavidin-peroxidase （S-P） immunohistochemical method, and IL-1β mRNA expression in the compressed nerve root was simultaneously detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： The expression levels of IL-1 and IL-1β mRNA in the L5 nerve root were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. However, the expression levels of IL-1 and IL-1β mRNA were significantly lower in the acupuncture and meloxicam groups than in the model group （P 〈 0.05–0.01）. Expression levels of IL-1 and IL-1β mRNA were significantly higher in the acupuncture group than in the meloxicam group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture at the ＂Huatuojiaji＂ point decreases the IL-1 level by inhibiting IL-1β mRNA expression to a greater extent than meloxicam administration.
