The hippocampal formation, important for spatial learn- ing and memory function, exhibits high level of plas- ticity in response to behavioral changes as well as injury. Dysfunction of the hippocampus is one of the ha...The hippocampal formation, important for spatial learn- ing and memory function, exhibits high level of plas- ticity in response to behavioral changes as well as injury. Dysfunction of the hippocampus is one of the hallmark features of neurodegenerative diseases like temporal lobe epilepsy （TLE） and Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） （Dhanush- kodi and Shetty 2008）. Excitotoxicity is one of the known mechanisms by which neurons undergo degeneration in neurodegenerative condition （Haglid et al., 1994; Doble et al., 1995）. Brain regions such as hippocampus are more susceptible to excitotoxic damage. During excitotoxicity.展开更多
The importance of oral health and the general health of an individual are interwoven such that if the oral health is poor, the general health would also be poor. There has been an increase in the interest of researche...The importance of oral health and the general health of an individual are interwoven such that if the oral health is poor, the general health would also be poor. There has been an increase in the interest of researchers in the state of the oral health because of the deleterious effects a poor oral health can have on the general health. While the prevalence of oral diseases has been reported to be on the increase worldwide, this paper presents a report on the prevalence of oral diseases in 10 rural communities known as Oke-ogun communities in Oyo State of Nigeria. Cleft and Facial Deformity Foundation (CFDF), an indigenous non-governmental organization (NGO) organized an outreach program, with permission from the State Health Ministry, to examine, diagnose dental diseases, and carry out free surgeries for patients in the visited communities. The program was for two weeks and was divided in phases with the first phase done in May 2019 and second phase in September 2019. Among 1396 respondents, 43.6% complained of toothaches with more female than male presenting with that complain. Also, 511 (36.6%) were reported to have gingivitis and 51 (3.7%) had dental caries. Furthermore, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis were more common in males 776 (55.6%) than females 620 (44.4%) and this was statistically significant at ≤0.002. Periodontal disease was found to be more prevalent in Oke-ogun communities in Oyo state, and this called for urgent intervention strategies by the federal government of Nigeria, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and the international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) since the poor oral health would eventually translate to poor general health.展开更多
Expert systems are being utilized increasingly in medical fields for the purposes of assisting diagnosis and treatment planning. Existing systems used few symptoms for dental diagnosis. In Dentistry, few symptoms are ...Expert systems are being utilized increasingly in medical fields for the purposes of assisting diagnosis and treatment planning. Existing systems used few symptoms for dental diagnosis. In Dentistry, few symptoms are not enough for diagnosis. In this research, a conditional probability model (Bayes rule) was developed with increased number of symptoms associated with a disease for diagnosis. A test set of recurrent cases was then used to test the diagnostic capacity of the system. The generated diagnosis matched that of the human experts. The system was also tested for its capacity to handle uncommon dental diseases and the system portrayed useful potential.展开更多
Objective To analyze the prevalence and years lived with disability （YLD） from dental caries among children and adolescents and the time trends over the past two decades in Sichuan province, the largest province in ...Objective To analyze the prevalence and years lived with disability （YLD） from dental caries among children and adolescents and the time trends over the past two decades in Sichuan province, the largest province in west China. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 （GBD2015）, which systematically assessed the epidemiological characteristics of major diseases and their transitions by country and region from 1990 to 2015, we extracted the estimated results for China. We then used the Bayesian meta-regression method to estimate the sex- and age-specific prevalences and YLDs from dental caries among children and adolescents under 15 years old in Sichuan province and compared them with global and national indicators for the same period. Results In 2015, there were almost 6 million cases of dental caries in children and adolescents （aged 〈 15 years） in Sichuan province, accounting for 6% of the total cases in China. For children under 5 years, the prevalence of deciduous caries was 55.9%, and the YLDs value was 10.8 per 100,000, while it was 24.3% and 5.1 per 100,000 respectively among 5- to 14-year-olds; for those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence of permanent caries was 21.5%, and the YLDs value was 11.5 per 100,000. From 1990 to 2015, the prevalence of dental caries for children under 5 years increased substantially, by 16.2%, and the YLDs increased by 8.7%. Among those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence increased and the YLDs decreased. Conclusion Dental caries remains a huge health burden in Western China. In contrast to the global and national data, the trend has increased rapidly over the past 25 years in this region. This work provides suggestions for the prevention and control for oral health in China with the policy of two-child.展开更多
The first case of osteonecrosis of the jaw(ONJ)related to azacitidine therapy was reported.A 64-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia,who received 5-azacitidine,presented with pain and purulence of the right secon...The first case of osteonecrosis of the jaw(ONJ)related to azacitidine therapy was reported.A 64-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia,who received 5-azacitidine,presented with pain and purulence of the right second premolar.An unsuccessful endodontic therapy resulted in dental extraction 6 months later.The post-extraction non-healing socket was managed with antibiotics and multiple surgical debridements without response.ONJ stage 2 was diagnosed 12 months after the initial symptoms of pain and purulence and was managed conservatively.Currently the patient is still receiving 5-azacitidine therapy,while ONJ remains asymptomatic.This case highlights the presence of alveolar bone disease prior to the appearance of ONJ.Osteonecrosis in chemotherapy,although rare,may increase as long-term survival of cancer patients,who receive those medications increases.Health care professionals need to be alert,while collaboration with an experienced oral/dental oncologist would be beneficial to the patient.展开更多
基金supported by Science and Engineering Research Board,Government of India to AD(SB/YS/LS-122/2013)
文摘The hippocampal formation, important for spatial learn- ing and memory function, exhibits high level of plas- ticity in response to behavioral changes as well as injury. Dysfunction of the hippocampus is one of the hallmark features of neurodegenerative diseases like temporal lobe epilepsy （TLE） and Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） （Dhanush- kodi and Shetty 2008）. Excitotoxicity is one of the known mechanisms by which neurons undergo degeneration in neurodegenerative condition （Haglid et al., 1994; Doble et al., 1995）. Brain regions such as hippocampus are more susceptible to excitotoxic damage. During excitotoxicity.
文摘The importance of oral health and the general health of an individual are interwoven such that if the oral health is poor, the general health would also be poor. There has been an increase in the interest of researchers in the state of the oral health because of the deleterious effects a poor oral health can have on the general health. While the prevalence of oral diseases has been reported to be on the increase worldwide, this paper presents a report on the prevalence of oral diseases in 10 rural communities known as Oke-ogun communities in Oyo State of Nigeria. Cleft and Facial Deformity Foundation (CFDF), an indigenous non-governmental organization (NGO) organized an outreach program, with permission from the State Health Ministry, to examine, diagnose dental diseases, and carry out free surgeries for patients in the visited communities. The program was for two weeks and was divided in phases with the first phase done in May 2019 and second phase in September 2019. Among 1396 respondents, 43.6% complained of toothaches with more female than male presenting with that complain. Also, 511 (36.6%) were reported to have gingivitis and 51 (3.7%) had dental caries. Furthermore, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis were more common in males 776 (55.6%) than females 620 (44.4%) and this was statistically significant at ≤0.002. Periodontal disease was found to be more prevalent in Oke-ogun communities in Oyo state, and this called for urgent intervention strategies by the federal government of Nigeria, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and the international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) since the poor oral health would eventually translate to poor general health.
文摘Expert systems are being utilized increasingly in medical fields for the purposes of assisting diagnosis and treatment planning. Existing systems used few symptoms for dental diagnosis. In Dentistry, few symptoms are not enough for diagnosis. In this research, a conditional probability model (Bayes rule) was developed with increased number of symptoms associated with a disease for diagnosis. A test set of recurrent cases was then used to test the diagnostic capacity of the system. The generated diagnosis matched that of the human experts. The system was also tested for its capacity to handle uncommon dental diseases and the system portrayed useful potential.
文摘Objective To analyze the prevalence and years lived with disability （YLD） from dental caries among children and adolescents and the time trends over the past two decades in Sichuan province, the largest province in west China. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 （GBD2015）, which systematically assessed the epidemiological characteristics of major diseases and their transitions by country and region from 1990 to 2015, we extracted the estimated results for China. We then used the Bayesian meta-regression method to estimate the sex- and age-specific prevalences and YLDs from dental caries among children and adolescents under 15 years old in Sichuan province and compared them with global and national indicators for the same period. Results In 2015, there were almost 6 million cases of dental caries in children and adolescents （aged 〈 15 years） in Sichuan province, accounting for 6% of the total cases in China. For children under 5 years, the prevalence of deciduous caries was 55.9%, and the YLDs value was 10.8 per 100,000, while it was 24.3% and 5.1 per 100,000 respectively among 5- to 14-year-olds; for those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence of permanent caries was 21.5%, and the YLDs value was 11.5 per 100,000. From 1990 to 2015, the prevalence of dental caries for children under 5 years increased substantially, by 16.2%, and the YLDs increased by 8.7%. Among those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence increased and the YLDs decreased. Conclusion Dental caries remains a huge health burden in Western China. In contrast to the global and national data, the trend has increased rapidly over the past 25 years in this region. This work provides suggestions for the prevention and control for oral health in China with the policy of two-child.
文摘The first case of osteonecrosis of the jaw(ONJ)related to azacitidine therapy was reported.A 64-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia,who received 5-azacitidine,presented with pain and purulence of the right second premolar.An unsuccessful endodontic therapy resulted in dental extraction 6 months later.The post-extraction non-healing socket was managed with antibiotics and multiple surgical debridements without response.ONJ stage 2 was diagnosed 12 months after the initial symptoms of pain and purulence and was managed conservatively.Currently the patient is still receiving 5-azacitidine therapy,while ONJ remains asymptomatic.This case highlights the presence of alveolar bone disease prior to the appearance of ONJ.Osteonecrosis in chemotherapy,although rare,may increase as long-term survival of cancer patients,who receive those medications increases.Health care professionals need to be alert,while collaboration with an experienced oral/dental oncologist would be beneficial to the patient.
