Glycated Haemoglobin Determination in the Biological Follow-Up of Diabetic Subjects Admitted to the Endocrinology Department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou

Introduction: One of the biological markers for monitoring glycaemic control in diabetic patients is glycated protein. The definition of a reference method to improve the accuracy of measurement tools is necessary. The aim of our study was to assess the glycemic control of diabetic patients based on glycated hemoglobin. Patients and Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in April 2021 at the national university hospital center (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou. All patients who consulted during the period and who gave their consent were included. After collecting the blood samples according to the classical standards of the pre-analytical phase, we measured the blood glucose level and the HbA1c. Results: The mean blood glucose level of the patients was 1.52 ± 0.16 g/L with extremes of 0.80 g/L and 3.5 g/L. The mean HbA1c proportion was 8.39% ± 0.60% with a minimum and maximum value of 5.40% and 16% respectively. We also noted that the mean body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 28.61 ± 1.46 Kg/m2 with extremes of 17.50 Kg/m2 and 46.02 Kg/m2. Oral anti diabetic and hygienic-dietary measures were used by 44 patients (80%) and hygienic-dietary measures (HDM) only used by 9.09%. A frequency of 87.53% of patients had at least one degenerative complication. Retinopathy was the most observed degenerative disease (36.36%) followed by cardiovascular disease (25.45%). Conclusion: This study showed that there is a poor correlation between fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels, which could be due to several biological and clinical reasons. It also showed that despite the respect of hygienic dietary measures and a well conducted treatment, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory glycemic balance in obese patients.

胃癌患者术前血常规水平与远期生存相关性

目的探讨血常规中红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、血细胞比容(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)不同水平与胃癌患者远期生存的相关性。方法收集95例胃癌患者临床资料,统计不同生存时间指标差异,制作二元Logistic回归模型,绘制ROC曲线,分析胃癌患者远期生存的危险因素。结果不同分化程度、Lauren分型、TNM分期、Borrmann分型、肿瘤大小在患者生存期≥3 a组和<3 a组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001、0.004、<0.001、0.010、<0.001)。RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC水平生存期≥3 a组显著高于<3 a组(P=0.003、0.009、0.003、0.032),将其代入二元Logistic回归模型,得出RBC、MCV、MCH、MCHC差异具有统计学意义(P=0.091、0.007、0.025、0.012)。ROC曲线显示,RBC、MCHC水平对胃癌患者3 a生存预测具有统计学意义(P=0.009、0.033),其中灵敏度分别为0.488、0.780,特异度为0.780、0.460,曲线下面积分别为0.659(0.545,0.773)、0.631(0.514,0.748)。RBC、MC V、MCH、MCHC联合检测对胃癌患者3 a生存预测敏感度为0.86,特异度为0.634,曲线下面积为0.756(0.654、0.858)。Cox单因素分析显示,HGB、RBC、HCT是影响胃癌生存预后的风险因素(P=0.004、0.005、0.002),多因素分析显示,RBC是影响胃癌生存预后的风险因素(P=0.020)。结论全血HGB、RBC、HCT、MCHC水平较高的胃癌患者远期生存较好,联合检测RBC、MCV、MCH、MCHC对胃癌患者生存预后有一定预测价值。

Evaluation of teplizumab's efficacy and safety in treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Islets of Langerhans beta cells diminish in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Teplizumab,a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody,may help T1DM.Its long-term implications on clinical T1DM development,safety,and efficacy are unknown.AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of teplizumab as a therapeutic intervention for individuals with T1DM.METHODS A systematic search was conducted using four electronic databases(PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane Library)to select publications published in peerreviewed journals written in English.The odds ratio(OR)and risk ratio(RR)were calculated,along with their 95%CI.We assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane Q and I2 statistics and the appropriate P value.RESULTS There were 8 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the current meta-analysis with a total of 1908 T1DM patients from diverse age cohorts,with 1361 patients receiving Teplizumab and 547 patients receiving a placebo.Teplizumab was found to have a substantial link with a decrease in insulin consumption,with an OR of 4.13(95%CI:1.72 to 9.90).Teplizumab is associated with an improved Cpeptide response(OR 2.49;95%CI:1.62 to 3.81)and a significant change in Glycated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels in people with type 1 diabetes[OR 1.75(95%CI:1.03 to 2.98)],and it has a RR of 0.71(95%CI:0.53 to 0.95).CONCLUSION In type 1 diabetics,teplizumab decreased insulin consumption,improved C-peptide response,and significantly changed HbA1c levels with negligible side effects.Teplizumab appears to improve glycaemic control and diabetes management with good safety and efficacy.

血清SF、HbA1c水平对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇围产结局的预测价值

目的 探讨血清铁蛋白(SF)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇发生不良围产结局的预测价值。方法 选取2021年3月至2023年2月于邛崃市妇幼保健院(下称该院)行产前检查并住院分娩的GDM孕妇97例为观察组,另选取同期于该院产检的健康孕妇116例为对照组。比较两组的空腹血糖(FBG)、SF、HbA1c水平,对比分析观察组中不同围产结局孕妇的临床特征以及SF、HbA1c水平,分析GDM孕妇不良围产结局的影响因素以及血清SF、HbA1c水平预测GDM孕妇不良围产结局的价值。结果 观察组的FBG、总胆固醇(TG)、三酰甘油(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、SF、HbA1c水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDM孕妇中围产结局不良组的FBG、TG、TC、SF、HbA1c水平高于良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,FBG、TG、TC、SF、HbA1c是不良围产结局的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,SF、HbA1c及二者联合预测曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.741(95%CI:0.638~0.844)、0.685(95%CI:0.570~0.800)、0.874(95%CI:0.797~0.951)。结论 SF、HbA1c在GDM孕妇体内呈高表达,SF联合HbA1c对GDM孕妇围产结局具有一定的预测价值。

血清sCD163水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者炎症因子及气道重塑的关系

目的 探讨血清可溶性血红蛋白清道夫受体(sCD163)水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者炎症因子及气道重塑的关系。方法 选取2021年7月—2023年7月廊坊市第四人民医院收治的80例AECOPD患者为研究组,其中慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(GOLD)Ⅰ级患者21例,Ⅱ级患者24例,Ⅲ级患者19例,Ⅳ级患者16例。以同期收治的50例非急性发作COPD患者为对照组,50例健康体检者为健康组。比较3组血清sCD163水平及不同GOLD分级的AECOPD患者炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-8、IL-6]及气道重塑指标[气道壁厚度(T)、气道壁面积(WA)、气道壁面积占总横截面积百分比(WA%)]差异。采用Pearson相关系数分析血清sCD163水平与炎症因子及气道重塑的关系,并绘制ROC曲线分析其对AECOPD患者病情的评估价值。结果 研究血清sCD163水平明显高于对照组与健康组,且对照组高于健康组,组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着GOLD分级的增加,患者血清sCD163水平、TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6水平及T、WA、WA%均随之升高(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清sCD163水平与TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6及T、WA、WA%均呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清sCD163与上述炎症因子和气道重塑指标联合评估AECOPD患者病情的AUC为0.891,大于各指标单独检测。结论 血清sCD163水平与AECOPD患者炎症因子及气道重塑关系密切,有助于评估患者病情。

妊娠期糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白 血红蛋白水平及体质指数对妊娠结局的影响

目的分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血红蛋白水平及体质指数(BMI)对妊娠结局的影响。方法将2023年1月至12月在我院产检及分娩的82例GDM产妇纳入为研究对象,根据分娩前HbA1c、血红蛋白水平分为达标组与未达标组;根据不同增重标准将糖尿病组分为3组,增幅过多组、增幅合适组、增幅不足组。比较不同HbA1c、血红蛋白水平产妇妊娠期并发症与妊娠结局;比较不同孕期体质量增幅的TDM产妇妊娠并发症和结局;比较不同HbA1c、血红蛋白水平及孕期体质量增幅对GDM患者孕期及产后和胎儿及新生儿的并发症影响。结果妊娠期高血压、巨大儿、子痫前期、产后出血等发生率在2组中对比分析,达标组较低(P<0.05);增幅过多组患者巨大儿、产后出血发生率均高增幅合适组、增幅不足组,增幅过多组患者妊娠期高血压发生率高于增幅不足组,增幅不足组患者产后出血发生率高于增幅合适组(P<0.05);GDM患者不良妊娠结局与HbA1c、血红蛋白水平不达标,体质量增幅不达标呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论产前HbA1c、血红蛋白水平未达标会增加妊娠期并发症、不良妊娠结局及新生儿并发症的发生率,体质量增幅超标会增加巨大儿、产后出血的发生。

Glycated Haemoglobin in Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-diabetes among Middle-aged and Elderly Population:Shanghai Changfeng Study

Objective To investigate the optimal glycated haemoglobin （HbAlc） cut off points and evaluate the impact of HbAlc on diabetes and pre-diabetes in middle-aged and elderly population. Methods Subjects were recruited from Shanghai Changfeng Study. A total of 1 973 community-based participants （age_〉45） without known diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance test （OG3-r） by using a 75-g oral glucose load and HbAlc was measured by using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Subjects were classified as normal glucose tolerance （NGT）, pre-diabetes（impaired glucose regulation, IGR） and new diagnosed diabetes （NDD） per 1999 WHO criteria. Two tests are compared with receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC）. Results Among 1973 subjects, 271 （13.7%） were diagnosed as NDD and 474 （24.0%） as IGR by using OGTT. HbAlc was 5.7%_＋0.7% in this population. Use of 6.5% as the HbAIC cutoff point has sensitivity of 38.7% and specificity of 98.5%. We recommend 6.0% as a better cutoff value for diagnosis of diabetes in this population （AUC 0.829, 95% CI 0.798-0.860, P〈0.001） with its sensitivity and specificity as 66.1% and 86.8%. For IGR, the results showed low sensitivity （44.9%） and specificity （66.7%） with an AUC of 0.571 for HbAlc when 5.8% was used as the cutoff point. Participants detected with HbAlc_〉6.0% were associated with nearly the same metabolic characteristics, including body mass index （BMI）, blood pressure, lipid profile and urine albumin-creatinine ratio （uACR） compared with diabetic subjects detected by OGTT. Conclusion The optimum HbAlc cutoff point for diabetes in our study population was lower than ADA criteria, and HbAlc may not be used to identify IGR.

Access to insulin delivery devices and glycated haemoglobin in lower-income countries

BACKGROUNDYoung people with type 1 diabetes in low-and-middle income countries facemany challenges in accessing care, with various essential supplies needed forsurvival and long-term health.AIMTo study insulin delivery devices and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing.METHODSA survey was conducted in 2019 of leading diabetes centres in 41 countriessupported by the Life for a Child Program. The survey covered numerous aspectsconcerning availability and costs at all levels of the health system, local usagepatterns and attitudes, obstacles, and other aspects.RESULTSThirty-seven countries returned the survey (90.2% response rate). Key findingsincluded: Syringe use was most common (83.1%), followed by insulin pens(16.7%) and pumps (0.2%). 48.6% of public health systems did not providesyringes, even with a co-payment. Use of suboptimal syringe/needlecombinations was common. Needles were generally reused in almost all countries(94.3%, n = 35). Aside from donated supplies, there was variable access to HbA1ctesting within public health facilities, and, when available, patients often had tocover the cost. Provision was further compromised by numerous problemsincluding stock-outs, and challenges with understanding the test, equipmentmaintenance, and refrigeration.CONCLUSIONLarge gaps exist for adequate access to appropriate insulin delivery devices andHbA1c testing. Public health systems in low-and-middle income countries shouldincrease affordable provision. There are also needs for specific health professional training and diabetes education;elimination of customs duties and taxes;development of inexpensive, robust HbA1c testing methods that do not requirerefrigeration of testing supplies;differential pricing schemes;and other solutions.

The thermal and storage stability of bovine haemoglobin by ultraviolet-visible and circular dichroism spectroscopies

The effects of temperature,pH and long-term storage on the secondary structure and conformation changes of bovine haemoglobin（bHb） were studied using circular dichroism（CD） and ultraviolet-visible（UV-vis） spectroscopies.Neural network software was used to deconvolute the CD data to obtain the fractional content of the five secondary structures.The storage stability of bHb solutions in pH 6,7 and8 buffers was significantly higher at 4 ℃ than at 23 ℃ for the first 3 days.A complete denaturation of bHb was observed after 40 days irrespective of storage temperature or pH.The bHb solutions were also exposed to heating and cooling cycles between 25 and 65 ℃ and structural changes were followed by UVvis and CD spectroscopies.These experiments demonstrated that α-helix content of bHb decreased steadily with the increasing temperature above 35 ℃ at all pH values.The loss in a-helicity and gain in random coil conformations was pH-dependent and the greatest under alkaline conditions.Furthermore,there was minimal recovery of the secondary structure content upon cooling to 25 ℃.The use of bHb as a model drug is very common and this study elucidates the significance of storage and processing conditions on its stability.

Glycated haemoglobin reduction and fixed ratio combinations of analogue basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Fixed ratio combinations(FRCs)of analogue basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are a newer addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.They reduce treatment complexity by combining two injectables in a single daily injectable,thus potentially improving adherence and persistence.Clinicians wanting to use FRCs would need to choose between members of the class.AIM To describe and contrast the glycated haemoglobin reduction of two FRCs of analogue basal insulin and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS The following Population,Intervention,Comparison,Outcome question was used for the primary analysis:Among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[P],what is the effect of iGlarLixi[I]compared to IDegLira[C]for bringing about glycaemic control(as measured by reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin)[O]?The Prisma Statement was used as a guideline for framing this systematic review.We searched PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane library databases and Clinicaltrials.gov using various keywords and medical search headings related to type 2 diabetes mellitus,iGlarlixi,IDegLira and glycated haemoglobin A1c.RESULTS All 14 studies identified by the systematic search met the primary efficacy endpoint of reduction in glycated haemoglobin.There were no head-to-head studies between the FRCs of iGlarlixi and IDegLira,and we therefore did an indirect comparison based on a common comparator of insulin glargine U100.Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin when compared to insulin glargine U100.However,using indirect comparisons,IDegLira had a greater haemoglobin A1c reducing ability(0.6%vs 0.3%).The indirect comparison is limited by the differences between the studies;the fasting blood glucose targets were slightly higher for iGlarLixi studies when compared to the IDegLira studies(4.0-5.0 mmol/L and 4.4-5.6 mmol/L),and the IDegLira study used a greater average dose of insulin glargine when compared to the iGlarLixi studies(66 U/d vs 40 U/d).CONCLUSION Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin.Indirect comparisons,using insulin glargine as the common comparator,suggest that IDegLira reduces glycated haemoglobin to a greater extent than iGlarLixi.However,given the limitations of indirect comparisons,robust head to head studies and real-world data would better inform clinician choice and clinical practice guidelines.

Tyrosyl radical in haemoglobin and haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex:how does haptoglobin make haemoglobin less toxic?

One of the difficulties in creating a blood substitute on the basis of human haemoglobin(Hb) is the toxic nature of Hb when it is outside the safe environment of the red blood cells.The plasma protein haptoglobin(Hp) takes care of the Hb physiologically leaked into the plasma-it binds Hb and makes it much less toxic while retaining the Hb’s high oxygen transporting capacity.We used Electron Paramagnetic Resonance(EPR) spectroscopy to show that the protein bound radical induced by H2O2 in Hb and Hp-Hb complex is formed on the same tyrosine residue(s),but,in the complex,the radical is found in a more hydrophobic environment and decays slower than in unbound Hb,thus mitigating its oxidative capacity.The data obtained in this study might set new directions in engineering blood substitutes for transfusion that would have the oxygen transporting efficiency typical of Hb,but which would be non-toxic.

Outcome of Maternal Anaemia on Cord Haemoglobin of the Newborn in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Anaemia is a common medical disorder in pregnancy especially in developing countries. Iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes Objectives: To?determine the cord blood haemoglobin and the correlation between maternal haemoglobin concentration and perinatal outcome at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 155 pregnant women who presented at the labour ward of the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Blood sample was collected from the women in labour into ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) bottles, red blood cell haemoglobin was determined. Umbilical cord blood sample was also collected at delivery and red cell haemoglobin was done. Socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and perinatal outcome were obtained, entered into a spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for multivariate analysis and statistical significance was considered at p Results: The mean age of the women was 31.08 ± 4.39 years, the mean maternal haemoglobin concentration was 11.54 ± 1.86 g/dl while the mean umbilical cord haemoglobin concentration was 12.92 ± 1.92 g/dl. Majority (86.45%) of the women were compliant with the prescribed haematinics. Moderate anaemia was observed in 17.42% of the women, followed by mild anaemia (15.48%) and severe anaemia (1.29%) respectively. Maternal complications were observed in 24.5% of women. There was a significant association between maternal haemoglobin concentration and cord blood haemoglobin concentration (p = 0.001). However, the study did not show an association between parity, mode of delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores, gestational age and maternal haemoglobin concentration (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The mean Haemoglobin in our newborns was less than previously reported values. Cord blood haemoglobin decreases significantly with decreasing maternal haemoglobin, thus there is a linear relationship between maternal and cord blood haemoglobin.

Monitoring Frequency of Haemoglobin, Calcium and Phosphorus and the Impact on Correction in Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis in Douala-Cameroon

Background: There is scarcity of data on the actual frequency of routine blood work-up for patients on maintenance haemodialysis and how this affects the achievement of therapeutic goals in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to review these in a referral hospital in Cameroon. Methods: A prospective hospital-based cohort study carried out from November 2019 to April 2020 including patients on maintenance haemodialysis in Douala general hospital. Patients were followed during 6 months to determine the frequency of monitoring of haemoglobin, serum calcium and phosphorus. Targeted values for haemoglobin were ≥10 g/dL, 80 - 100 mg/L for serum calcium and 25 - 45 mg/L for serum phosphorus. Pearson correlation test was used to define the correlation between monitoring frequencies and blood values at the end of the study. Results: For all 154 patients included in the study, the median frequency of monitoring for haemoglobin was once every 8 week (IQR: 6 - 12) and once every 12 weeks (IQR: 8 - 24) for serum calcium and phosphorus. The proportion of patients who achieved haemoglobin, serum calcium and phosphorus targets at the end of the study were 27.4%, 63% and 74% respectively. No correlation was found between the frequency of monitoring and the haemoglobin, serum phosphorus and calcium levels at the end of the study. Conclusion: The frequency of monitoring of serum haemoglobin, calcium and phosphorus by patients in this study was low with a high prevalence of patients not achieving target value.

Using Tallquist Haemoglobin Scale for Estimating Intraoperative Blood Loss in Liposuction

Introduction: Intraoperative blood loss remains as a concern for all surgeons. Proper estimation of intraoperative blood loss is critical and can be challenging, especially if the blood is mixed with other fluids such as tumescent fluid in liposuction cases. In such cases, proper estimation of intraoperative blood loss will lead to fewer mistakes in fluid resuscitation. In this article, Tallquist Haemoglobin Scale was tried to estimate intraoperative blood loss in liposuction. Objectives: Proper estimation of intraoperative blood loss in liposuction cases. Method: Tallquist Haemoglobin Scale will be tried to estimate the approximate intraoperative blood loss in liposuction cases using a mathematical formula that considers total fluid loss, patient’s preoperative haemoglobin and the reading from Tallquist kit. Results: Tallquist Haemoglobin Scale can be considered as a valid method for proper estimation of intraoperative blood loss in liposuction cases, the thing that will lead to correct fluid resuscitation and fewer complications. Conclusion: Proper estimation of intraoperative blood loss leads to fewer mistakes in fluid resuscitation and fewer related complications of under or overcorrection. Tallquist Haemoglobin scale is a trusted, cheap and fast method for proper estimation of intraoperative blood loss in liposuction cases.

A Study of Correlation of Serum Chromium Level with Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides, among Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and it is a major cause of morbidity;several studies indicate that diabetes is a likely under reported cause of death. Chromium’s is important trace element to control diabetes mellitus and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between serum chromium, with HbA1c, Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients among diabetic patients. Methodology: This is cross-sectional study done in Jabber Abu Ezz Centre for treatment and care of diabetics in Khartoum—Sudan. Four hundred subjects were enrolled in this study;one hundred subjects were normal healthy as control group, and three hundred subjects diabetic patient type 2 as test group;demographic and biochemical data were collected;serum chromium, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol Triglycerides, were determined by using NYCOCARD READER II, spectrophotometer (Biosystem 310) and spectrophotometer 210-VGP. Result: In this study there is significant parameters level means of FBS HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium of the test groups when compared with healthy control groups subjects (P = 0.001, 0.018, 0.01, 0.011, 0.004), respectively. Significant negative correlation is between FBS, HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium (r = ?0.555, P value = 0.003), (r = ?0.668, P value = 0.002), (r = ?0.335, P value = 0.004) and (r = ?0.774, P value = 0.002) respectively. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between serum Chromium level with fasting blood sugaer, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients.

Measurement of Glutathionylated Haemoglobin by MAL-DI-ToF Mass Spectrometry as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in Heavy Smokers and in Occupational Obese Subjects

Glutathionyl-haemoglobin (Hb-SSG) is a minor form of haemoglobin characterized by the presence of a disulfide bond between the β-93 cysteine residue and the thiol group of glutathione. Hb-SSG is naturally present in the erythrocytes at levels comparable to those of glycated haemoglobin and can be measured by MALDI mass spectrometry on very small samples of erythrocytes from peripheral blood. Since Hb-SSG has been recognized as a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress in several degenerative diseases (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease) and in healthy workers exposed to glutathione-depleting toxic agents such as butadiene, we have measured for the first time the levels of Hb-SSG in two groups: healthy heavy cigarette smokers and overweight-obese. For both classes of subjects, the measured levels (6.4%±1.7%, n=30 for smokers;3.0%±0.8%, n=20 for overweight-obese) are in the upper 97thpercentile of those measured in the Italian general population. Levels in smokers show a small, yet statistically significant dependence on the level of smoking addiction (>20 cig./day vs. ￡20 cig./day: 7.0% ± 1.4% vs. 5.7% ± 1.1%;p < 0.05). This biomarker thus adds to those presently available to rationally assess the extent of biological damage caused by tobacco smoking.

Chromium (Ⅲ) Biosorption of Deinococcus radiodurans and Its Vitreoscilla Haemoglobin (vgb) Gene-Transferred Recombinants

Objectives:This study used Deinococcus radiodurans,which is extremely resistant to oxidative damage,genotoxic chemicals,high levels of ionising and ultraviolet radiation and drying,and its Vitreoscilla haemoglobin(vgb)gene-cloned recombinant with the vgb−recombinant strain as a control.In addition to the conditions wherein bacteria have an optimum Cr(Ⅲ)biosorption capacity,the contribution of the vgb gene to the biosorption ability of the bacteria has been investigated by providing the organism with a more oxygenic environment.Methods:Bacteria were produced and metal stock solution was prepared.To determine the Cr(Ⅲ)removal capacities of wild and recombinant D.radiodurans strains,the residual metal concentration in aqueous media at the beginning and after biosorption was determined in Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.Some optimal conditions were created for the biosorption conditions to occur.Conclusions:The optimisation tests showed that Cr(Ⅲ)reached the highest biosorption capacity within 15 minutes at a metal concentration of 2,000 ppm,30°C,pH 5.0 and 150 rpm stirring speed in all the three bacteria.The vgb gene had no significant contribution to the biosorption capacity.

术前血清SRF、SBDP145、CysC水平对脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤患者术后预后的预测价值

目的探讨术前血清反应因子(SRF)、αⅡ-血影蛋白分解产物-145(SBDP145)、胱抑素C(CysC)对脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤(SCI)患者术后预后的预测价值。方法选取2019年2月至2021年2月该院收治的100例脊柱骨折合并SCI患者为研究对象,治疗后随访1年,将其按照预后情况分为预后不良组和预后良好组。检测并比较两组术前血清SRF、SBDP145、CysC水平及各项基线资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析脊柱骨折合并SCI患者预后的影响因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清SRF、SBDP145、CysC预测预后不良的效能。结果预后不良组术前血清SRF水平为(90.12±10.30)pg/mL,低于预后良好组的(144.58±12.38)pg/mL,预后不良组血清SBDP145、CysC水平分别为(10.37±1.34)ng/mL、(1.72±0.38)mg/L,高于预后良好组的(8.42±1.05)ng/mL、(0.51±0.12)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,预后不良组中椎管侵占率≥50%、受伤至使用激素类药物时间≥8 h及多节段SCI人数比例分别为63.16%、65.79%、71.05%,均高于预后良好组的35.48%、43.55%、41.94%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,椎管侵占率≥50%、受伤至使用激素类药物时间≥8 h、多节段SCI、血清SRF水平降低、SBDP145水平升高、CysC水平升高是脊柱骨折合并SCI患者术后预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。术前血清SRF、SBDP145、CysC 3项指标联合检测预测脊柱骨折合并SCI患者术后预后不良的曲线下面积(95%CI)为0.839(0.728~0.956)。结论血清SRF水平降低、SBDP145和CysC水平升高与脊柱骨折合并SCI患者术后的预后不良有关,术前血清SRF、SBDP145、CysC联合检测预测脊柱骨折合并SCI患者预后不良的价值较高。

血清sCD163/sTWEAK比值与老年社区获得性肺炎住院病人不良心血管事件的相关性分析

目的分析可溶性血红蛋白清道夫受体163蛋白(sCD163)/可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡弱诱导因子(sTWEAK)比值与社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院病人发生不良心血管事件(CVE)的相关性。方法选取本院收治的CAP病人154例为研究对象,根据是否合并CVE分为CVE组及无CVE组。统计所有病人30 d生存情况,并进一步分为死亡组及生存组。采用Logistic多因素回归分析影响CVE发生的相关因素,采用COX回归模型分析CAP病人入院30 d内死亡的影响因素。结果CVE组年龄、白细胞计数、血小板计数、sCD163、sTWEAK及sCD163/sTWEAK以及高血压、冠心病、慢性心力衰竭、慢性肾脏病、意识改变、PSI评分≥Ⅳ级、酸中毒、低白蛋白血症病人比例均高于无CVE组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、慢性心力衰竭、PSI评分及sCD163/sTWEAK是影响CAP住院病人发生CVE的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。死亡组病人血清sCD163/sTWEAK明显高于生存组(P<0.05),且sCD163/sTWEAK≥0.35是CAP病人入院30 d内死亡的独立危险因素。结论随着血清sCD163/sTWEAK升高,CAP病人发生CVE的风险及30 d内病死率增加。

酶解-磷酸化协同改性对猪血红蛋白功能特性和结构的影响

为改善猪血红蛋白(Hb)的功能特性,探究协同改性对猪血红蛋白的影响,本研究以猪血红蛋白和猪血红蛋白肽(H-Hb)为对照,采用酶解-磷酸化协同改性(HP)的方法对猪血红蛋白进行处理,并对协同改性后酶解-磷酸化猪血蛋白(HP-Hb)的功能特性和结构进行了研究。功能特性分析表明,与Hb和H-Hb相比,HP-Hb的溶解度明显提高,乳化活性指数提高了12.42和6.30 m^(2)·g^(-1)(P<0.05),乳化稳定性提高了6.37%和3.04%(P<0.05),起泡性提高了7.59%、4.42%(P<0.05),起泡稳定性提高了3.93%和4.42%(P<0.05)。结构分析表明,与Hb和H-Hb相比,酶解使HP-Hb的肽链断裂,暴露更多氨基酸基团,磷酸根大部分连接在N原子上,P-N和PO43-的增加使部分红外吸收峰变强;同时其热变性温度分别提高了14.00和20.67℃。微观结构分析表明,协同改性使蛋白结构发生了变化,分子结构由紧密的块状结构变成松散的块状结构,周围有较小的颗粒杂乱分布。综上,协同改性是一种较为可行的修饰方法,处理后的猪血红蛋白的功能特性和稳定性得到提升。本研究为猪血红蛋白的改性提供了新思路,为猪血红蛋白在食品加工中的应用研究提供了理论基础及参考。