AIM To assess the relationship using multimodality imaging between intermediary citrate/choline metabolism as seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging(1H-MRSI) and glycolysis as observed on ^(18)F-fluor...AIM To assess the relationship using multimodality imaging between intermediary citrate/choline metabolism as seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging(1H-MRSI) and glycolysis as observed on ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT) in prostate cancer(PCa) patients. METHODS The study included 22 patients with local PCa who were referred for endorectal magnetic resonance imaging/1HMRSI(April 2002 to July 2007) and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT and then underwent prostatectomy as primary or salvage treatment. Whole-mount step-section pathology was used as the standard of reference. We assessed the relationships between PET parameters [standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVmean)] and MRSI parameters [choline + creatine/citrate(CC/Cmax and CC/Cmean) and total number of suspicious voxels] using spearman's rank correlation, and the relationships of PET and 1H-MRSI index lesion parameters to surgical Gleason score.RESULTS Abnormal intermediary metabolism on 1H-MRSI was present in 21/22 patients, while abnormal glycolysis on ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT was detected in only 3/22 patients. Specifically, index tumor localization rates were 0.95(95%CI: 0.77-1.00) for 1H-MRSI and 0.14(95%CI: 0.03-0.35) for ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT. Spearman rank correlations indicated little relationship(ρ =-0.36-0.28) between 1H-MRSI parameters and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT parameters. Both the total number of suspicious voxels(ρ = 0.55, P = 0.0099) and the SUVmax(ρ = 0.46, P = 0.0366) correlated weakly with the Gleason score. No significant relationship was found between the CC/Cmax, CC/Cmean or SUVmean and the Gleason score(P = 0.15-0.79). CONCLUSION The concentration of intermediary metabolites detected by 1H MRSI and glycolytic flux measured ^(18)F-FDG PET show little correlation. Furthermore, only few tumors were FDG avid on PET, possibly because increased glycolysis represents a late and rather ominous event in the progression of PCa.展开更多
In the new era of functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), the utility of chest MRI is increasing exponentially due to several advances, including absence of ionizing radiation, excellent tissue contrast and high c...In the new era of functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), the utility of chest MRI is increasing exponentially due to several advances, including absence of ionizing radiation, excellent tissue contrast and high capability for lesion characterization and treatment monitoring. The application of several of these diagnostic weapons in a multiparametric fashion enables to better characterize thymic epithelial tumors and other mediastinal tumoral lesions, accurate assessment of the invasion of adjacent structures and detection of pathologic lymph nodes and metastasis. Also, "do not touch lesions" could be identified with the associated impact in the management of those patients. One of the hotspots of the multiparametric chest MR is its ability to detect with acuity early response to treatment in patients with mediastinal malignant neoplasms. This has been related with higher rates of overall survival and progression free survival.Therefore, in this review we will analyze the current functional imaging techniques available(18 F-Fluorodeoxiglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and MR spectroscopy) for the evaluation of mediastinal lesions, with a focus in their correct acquisition and post-processing. Also, to review the clinical applications of these techniques in the diagnostic approach of benign and malignant conditions of the mediastinum.展开更多
Proton nuclear(^(1)H)is the observed nucleus on which most magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)applications depend.Most traditional^(1)H MRI can provide structural and functional information about organisms,while various n...Proton nuclear(^(1)H)is the observed nucleus on which most magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)applications depend.Most traditional^(1)H MRI can provide structural and functional information about organisms,while various non-proton nuclei(X-nuclei)MRI can provide more metabolic information.However,due to the relatively poor signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of X-nuclei MRI,their applications are quite rare compared to^(1)H.Benefit from the rapid developments of MRI hardware and software technologies,X-nuclei MRI has recently attracted increasing interests in biomedical research.This review firstly introduces some current methods to improve the SNR of X-nuclei MRI.Secondly,this review describes biomedical applications of X-nuclei MRI,especially focusing on the current use of X-nuclei(^(13)C,^(17)O,^(19)F,^(23)Na and^(31)P)MRI to study related diseases in different organs,including the brain,liver,kidney,heart and bone.Finally,perspectives studies on X-nuclei imaging and its potential applications are described in biomedical research.展开更多
Multimodal imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be greatly advantageous in achieving accurate diagnosis and gained increasing attention in recent decades. Herein, we present a new strategy to integrate the com...Multimodal imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be greatly advantageous in achieving accurate diagnosis and gained increasing attention in recent decades. Herein, we present a new strategy to integrate the complementary modalities of I9F magnetic resonance imaging （19F MRI） and fluorescence imaging （FI） into a polymer nanoprobe composed of hydrophobic fluorescent organic core and hydrophilic fluorinated polymer shell. The alkyne-terminated fluorinated copolymer （Pn） of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate （TFEA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether acrylate （PEGA） was first prepared vie atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. The PEGA plays an important role in both improving ^19F signal and modulating the hydrophilicity of Pn. The alkynyl tail in Pn is readily conjugated with azide modified tetra-phenylethylene （TPE） through click chemistry to form azo polymer （TPE-azo-Pn）. The core-shell nanoprobes （TPE-P3N） with an average particle size of 57.2±8.8 nm are obtained via self-assembly with ultrasonication in aqueous solution. These nanoprobes demonstrate high water stability, good biocompatibility, strong fluorescence and good ^19F MRI performance, which present great potentials for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and ^19F-MR imaging.展开更多
Driven by the needs of precision medicine,current imaging techniques are under continuous development to offer more accurate and comprehensive information beyond traditional macroscopic anatomical images.Multispectral...Driven by the needs of precision medicine,current imaging techniques are under continuous development to offer more accurate and comprehensive information beyond traditional macroscopic anatomical images.Multispectral color-coded(multicolor)^(19)F magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is receiving increasing attention owing to its capability for visualizing quantitative and multiplexed molecular information during various biological processes.The chemical design and preparation of^(19)F probes lie at the core of multicolor^(19)F MRI since their performance dominates the accomplishment of this technique.Herein,the working principles of multicolor^(19)F MRI are briefly introduced.Recent progress on multicolor^(19)F MRI probes for simultaneous in vivo visualization of multiple biological targets is summarized.Finally,current challenges and potential solutions in this fast-developing field are discussed.展开更多
Excessive radiation exposure may lead to edema of the spinal cord and deterioration of the nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to judge and assess the extent of edema and to evaluate pathological ch...Excessive radiation exposure may lead to edema of the spinal cord and deterioration of the nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to judge and assess the extent of edema and to evaluate pathological changes and thus may be used for the evaluation of spinal cord injuries caused by radiation therapy. Radioactive ^125I seeds to irradiate 90% of the spinal cord tissue at doses of 40–100 Gy （D90） were implanted in rabbits at T10 to induce radiation injury, and we evaluated their safety for use in the spinal cord. Diffusion tensor imaging showed that with increased D90, the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy values were increased. Moreover, pathological damage of neurons and microvessels in the gray matter and white matter was aggravated. At 2 months after implantation, obvious pathological injury was visible in the spinal cords of each group. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging revealed the radiation injury to the spinal cord, and we quantified the degree of spinal cord injury through apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy.展开更多
Understanding the properties and behavior of water molecules in restricted geometries, such as the nanopores of rocks, is of interest for shale gas exploitation. We present herein ex situ and in situ nuclear magnetic ...Understanding the properties and behavior of water molecules in restricted geometries, such as the nanopores of rocks, is of interest for shale gas exploitation. We present herein ex situ and in situ nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） studies on the effects of water on the adsorption and diffusion of methane in nanopores. Silica materials with one-dimensional pores of ZSM-22, MCM-41, and SBA-15, with pore sizes ranging from 0.5 to 6 nm, were chosen as models. Hyperpolarized （HP） 129Xe NMR results show that water adsorption does not affect the pore sizes of ZSM-22 and MCM-41 but reduces that of SBA-15. The presence of water suppresses methane adsorption; this suppression effect is stronger in smaller pores. The self-diffusion coefficients of methane within ZSM-22 and MCM-41 are not significantly influenced by the presence of water, as measured by ~H pulsed field gradient （PFG） NMR. However, within SBA-15, which has a pore size of 6 nm, the diffusion coefficient of methane increases as the amount of water adsorption increases, peaks, and then decreases to a constant value with further water adsorption. These experiments reveal the effects of the pore size and the presence of water on methane adsorption and diffusion in constrained spaces, which could have important implications for flow simulations of methane in shales.展开更多
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health grant,No.#R01CA76423in part through the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support grant,No.P30 CA008748
文摘AIM To assess the relationship using multimodality imaging between intermediary citrate/choline metabolism as seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging(1H-MRSI) and glycolysis as observed on ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT) in prostate cancer(PCa) patients. METHODS The study included 22 patients with local PCa who were referred for endorectal magnetic resonance imaging/1HMRSI(April 2002 to July 2007) and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT and then underwent prostatectomy as primary or salvage treatment. Whole-mount step-section pathology was used as the standard of reference. We assessed the relationships between PET parameters [standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVmean)] and MRSI parameters [choline + creatine/citrate(CC/Cmax and CC/Cmean) and total number of suspicious voxels] using spearman's rank correlation, and the relationships of PET and 1H-MRSI index lesion parameters to surgical Gleason score.RESULTS Abnormal intermediary metabolism on 1H-MRSI was present in 21/22 patients, while abnormal glycolysis on ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT was detected in only 3/22 patients. Specifically, index tumor localization rates were 0.95(95%CI: 0.77-1.00) for 1H-MRSI and 0.14(95%CI: 0.03-0.35) for ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT. Spearman rank correlations indicated little relationship(ρ =-0.36-0.28) between 1H-MRSI parameters and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT parameters. Both the total number of suspicious voxels(ρ = 0.55, P = 0.0099) and the SUVmax(ρ = 0.46, P = 0.0366) correlated weakly with the Gleason score. No significant relationship was found between the CC/Cmax, CC/Cmean or SUVmean and the Gleason score(P = 0.15-0.79). CONCLUSION The concentration of intermediary metabolites detected by 1H MRSI and glycolytic flux measured ^(18)F-FDG PET show little correlation. Furthermore, only few tumors were FDG avid on PET, possibly because increased glycolysis represents a late and rather ominous event in the progression of PCa.
文摘In the new era of functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), the utility of chest MRI is increasing exponentially due to several advances, including absence of ionizing radiation, excellent tissue contrast and high capability for lesion characterization and treatment monitoring. The application of several of these diagnostic weapons in a multiparametric fashion enables to better characterize thymic epithelial tumors and other mediastinal tumoral lesions, accurate assessment of the invasion of adjacent structures and detection of pathologic lymph nodes and metastasis. Also, "do not touch lesions" could be identified with the associated impact in the management of those patients. One of the hotspots of the multiparametric chest MR is its ability to detect with acuity early response to treatment in patients with mediastinal malignant neoplasms. This has been related with higher rates of overall survival and progression free survival.Therefore, in this review we will analyze the current functional imaging techniques available(18 F-Fluorodeoxiglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and MR spectroscopy) for the evaluation of mediastinal lesions, with a focus in their correct acquisition and post-processing. Also, to review the clinical applications of these techniques in the diagnostic approach of benign and malignant conditions of the mediastinum.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences MRI Technology Alliance under Grant 2020GZ1003.
文摘Proton nuclear(^(1)H)is the observed nucleus on which most magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)applications depend.Most traditional^(1)H MRI can provide structural and functional information about organisms,while various non-proton nuclei(X-nuclei)MRI can provide more metabolic information.However,due to the relatively poor signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of X-nuclei MRI,their applications are quite rare compared to^(1)H.Benefit from the rapid developments of MRI hardware and software technologies,X-nuclei MRI has recently attracted increasing interests in biomedical research.This review firstly introduces some current methods to improve the SNR of X-nuclei MRI.Secondly,this review describes biomedical applications of X-nuclei MRI,especially focusing on the current use of X-nuclei(^(13)C,^(17)O,^(19)F,^(23)Na and^(31)P)MRI to study related diseases in different organs,including the brain,liver,kidney,heart and bone.Finally,perspectives studies on X-nuclei imaging and its potential applications are described in biomedical research.
基金This research was supported Science Foundation of China 21675009）, and the Fundamenta n part by the National Natural （Grant Nos. 21475007 and Research Funds for the Central Universities （buctrc201608 and buctrc201720）.
文摘Multimodal imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be greatly advantageous in achieving accurate diagnosis and gained increasing attention in recent decades. Herein, we present a new strategy to integrate the complementary modalities of I9F magnetic resonance imaging （19F MRI） and fluorescence imaging （FI） into a polymer nanoprobe composed of hydrophobic fluorescent organic core and hydrophilic fluorinated polymer shell. The alkyne-terminated fluorinated copolymer （Pn） of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate （TFEA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether acrylate （PEGA） was first prepared vie atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. The PEGA plays an important role in both improving ^19F signal and modulating the hydrophilicity of Pn. The alkynyl tail in Pn is readily conjugated with azide modified tetra-phenylethylene （TPE） through click chemistry to form azo polymer （TPE-azo-Pn）. The core-shell nanoprobes （TPE-P3N） with an average particle size of 57.2±8.8 nm are obtained via self-assembly with ultrasonication in aqueous solution. These nanoprobes demonstrate high water stability, good biocompatibility, strong fluorescence and good ^19F MRI performance, which present great potentials for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and ^19F-MR imaging.
基金The authors thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22125702,22077107,and 92059109)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2020J02001)the Youth Innovation Funding Program of Xiamen City(3502Z20206051).
文摘Driven by the needs of precision medicine,current imaging techniques are under continuous development to offer more accurate and comprehensive information beyond traditional macroscopic anatomical images.Multispectral color-coded(multicolor)^(19)F magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is receiving increasing attention owing to its capability for visualizing quantitative and multiplexed molecular information during various biological processes.The chemical design and preparation of^(19)F probes lie at the core of multicolor^(19)F MRI since their performance dominates the accomplishment of this technique.Herein,the working principles of multicolor^(19)F MRI are briefly introduced.Recent progress on multicolor^(19)F MRI probes for simultaneous in vivo visualization of multiple biological targets is summarized.Finally,current challenges and potential solutions in this fast-developing field are discussed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project Funds of Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province in China,No.20120724
文摘Excessive radiation exposure may lead to edema of the spinal cord and deterioration of the nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to judge and assess the extent of edema and to evaluate pathological changes and thus may be used for the evaluation of spinal cord injuries caused by radiation therapy. Radioactive ^125I seeds to irradiate 90% of the spinal cord tissue at doses of 40–100 Gy （D90） were implanted in rabbits at T10 to induce radiation injury, and we evaluated their safety for use in the spinal cord. Diffusion tensor imaging showed that with increased D90, the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy values were increased. Moreover, pathological damage of neurons and microvessels in the gray matter and white matter was aggravated. At 2 months after implantation, obvious pathological injury was visible in the spinal cords of each group. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging revealed the radiation injury to the spinal cord, and we quantified the degree of spinal cord injury through apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy.
文摘Understanding the properties and behavior of water molecules in restricted geometries, such as the nanopores of rocks, is of interest for shale gas exploitation. We present herein ex situ and in situ nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） studies on the effects of water on the adsorption and diffusion of methane in nanopores. Silica materials with one-dimensional pores of ZSM-22, MCM-41, and SBA-15, with pore sizes ranging from 0.5 to 6 nm, were chosen as models. Hyperpolarized （HP） 129Xe NMR results show that water adsorption does not affect the pore sizes of ZSM-22 and MCM-41 but reduces that of SBA-15. The presence of water suppresses methane adsorption; this suppression effect is stronger in smaller pores. The self-diffusion coefficients of methane within ZSM-22 and MCM-41 are not significantly influenced by the presence of water, as measured by ~H pulsed field gradient （PFG） NMR. However, within SBA-15, which has a pore size of 6 nm, the diffusion coefficient of methane increases as the amount of water adsorption increases, peaks, and then decreases to a constant value with further water adsorption. These experiments reveal the effects of the pore size and the presence of water on methane adsorption and diffusion in constrained spaces, which could have important implications for flow simulations of methane in shales.
